Global Switches

Materials sectionReflection/refraction - / V-Ray maps .

Max depth - reflection/refraction. , .

Maps - / .

Filter maps - / . . , .

Max. transp levels - .

Transp. cutoff - . - .

Override mtl - () . , , .

Glossy effects - (); .Indirect illumination section

Don't render final image - , V-Ray GI (photon maps, light maps, irradiance maps). fly-through .Raytracing section

Secondary rays bias - ; (face) . . 3dsmax Render-to-texture.Lighting sectionLights - / .

Default lights - / default lights .

Hidden lights - / hidden .

Shadows - / shadows .

Show GI only - , . , .System

Raycaster Params V-Ray Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) .

V-Ray raycasting - , . ( ) . . , V-Ray , binary space partitioning (BSP).

BSP , , . . - ; - .Max tree depth - BSP. - . ( ) . , .

Min leaf size - BSP. 0.0, V-Ray . , V-Ray .

Face/level coef - . , BSP . . ( ) .Default geometry -V-Ray raycasting . BSP tree, . non-motion blurred motion blurred, . 3dsmax . (displacement-mapped objects, VRayProxy VrayFur, ).

Static () . .

Dynamic () (). .

Dynamic memory limit - . . 400 MB, , , , 200 MB . , , , .

Region division V-Ray (buckets). Bucket V-Ray. Bucket . Buckets . bucket , buckets ( CPUs ). buckets .

X - ( Region W/H ) buckets ( Region Count)

Y - buckets ( Region W/H ) buckets ( Region Count).

Region sequence - buckets . Triangulation sequence (displacement-mapped objects, VRayProxy VRayFur ), .. , bucket. , .

Reverse sequence - reverses Region sequence .

: Image Sampler Adaptive Sampler buckets .Distributed rendering

Distributed rendering . (). V-Ray multithreading, distributed rendering.

distributed rendering, . 3dsmax V-Ray , (). , V-Ray spawner ( , -:) Installation Distributed rendering.

Distributed rendering - .

Settings... - Distributed rendering.Camera

Camera typeV-Ray : Standard, Spherical, Cylindrical(point), Cylindrical (ortho), Box Fish eye. Orthographic .

Override FOV - 3dsmax FOV . , V-Ray FOV 0 360 , 3dsmax 180 .

FOV - FOV ( Override FOV FOV ).

Height - Cylindrical (ortho) .Auto-fit - auto-fit Fish-eye . V-Ray Dist value , .

Dist - Fish-eye . Fish-eye ( 1.0) "" . Dist ( ). : Auto-fit.

Curve - Fish-eye. . 1.0 Fish-eye. 0.0 . 2.0 .: .

Type - . Standard, Spherical, Cylindrical (point), Cylindrical (ortho), Box, Fish eye. Examples.

Standard - (pinhole camera).

Spherical - , .

Cylindrical (point) - - . (pinhole camera) .

Cylindrical (ortho) - .

Box - . environment maps cube mapping. GI - irradiance map Box , .

Fish eye - . Dist/FOV . FOV. , 1.0.Depth of field

On - (depth-of-field).

Aperture - ( ) , . DOF, .

Center bias - DOF . 0.0 , . , , , .

Focal distance - , (). .

Get from camera - (target), .

Sides - , .

Rotation - .

Anisotropy - bokeh . . .

Subdivs - DOF. , . , . QMC sampler Image sampler.

Motion blur

On - motion blur.Duration - , .

Interval center - motion blur 3dsmax. 0.5 , motion blur . 0.0 , ( ).

Bias - motion blur . 0.0 , motion blur. , . , .

Prepass samples - irradiance map.

Blur particles as mesh - . , . , motion blur .

Geometry samples - . , . , . .

Subdivs - motion blur. , . , . QMC sampler Image sampler.

: Depth of field . .

DOF motion blur , Subdivs.

Output

Output SizeOverride Viewport - V-Ray VFB 3dsmax common .Image Aspect - Override ViewportPixel Aspect - pixel- ( )

Render Output

Save file

V-Ray Raw Image FileRender to VRImage *.vrimg

AnimationFrame Rate (FPS) Environment

GI Environment (skylight) environment . skylight.

Color - (skylight).

Multiplier - . environment ( ). Output map environment map, .

Texture - background environment.

Reflection/refraction environment

environment reflections/refractions. reflection/refraction environment ( VRayMtl) ( VRayMap).

Color - background (skylight).

Multiplier - . environment ( ). Output map environment map, .

Texture - background environment reflection/refraction.Background - , backgroundImage Sampler

Fixed rate sampler , .

Subdivs - . 1, . 1, quasi-Monte Carlo .

RGB , , / (blurry effect). , Real RGB .

Adaptive QMC sampler

, . V-Ray QMC sampler.

Adaptive QMC ; Noise threshold QMC sampler- .

(, VRayFur) : DOF, motion blur, glossy reflections. , Adaptive subdivision sampler.

RGB , , / (blurry effect). , Real RGB .

Min subdivs - () . 1, , , .

Max subdivs - .

Adaptive subdivision sampler

. (direct GI, DOF, glossy reflection/reftaction ..) V-Ray. . / , , .

Min. rate - . 0 - ; -1 ( ) - ; -2 .

Max. rate - ; - ; 1 - ; 2 - .

Threshold - . , , .

Normals - . DOF motion blur.Antialiasing filter

antialiasing filter. 3dsmax Plate Match . Examples antialiasing .

:

? :

blurry effects , Adaptive subdivision sampler 1, . blurry , Two-level sampler . , Adaptive subdivision sampler Two-level sampler. blurry , Fixed rate sampler .

:

bucket-. bucket . Adaptive subdivision sampler, sub bucket-.Adaptive QMC sampler Fixed rate sampler , .

QMS Sampler

rQMC (randomized Quasi Monte Carlo) sampling V-Ray ("blurry") - antialiasing, DOF, indirect illumination, area lights, glossy reflection/refraction, translucency, motion blur.

rQMC sampling , .

, V-Ray , , . rQMC sampler.

, V-Ray, QMC sampling , , QMC ( - :) random Monte Carlo ).

:

subdivs . Global subdivs ( ).

(, , , .. ; area lights ..). (importance sampling).

() - , ; , . early termination.

Amount - . . 1.0 , 0.0 .

Min samples - . , .

Noise threshold - V-Ray- . . . 0.0 .

Global subdivs multiplier - ; / lightmap, photon map, caustics . (dof, moblur, irradiance map, qmc GI, area lights, area shadows, glossy reflections/refractions) .Color Mapping

Color mapping ( tone mapping) . /, . Color mapping / .Type - . :

Linear multiply - . ( 1.0 255) . () .

Exponential - . (, ). , .

HSV exponential - Exponential, , .

Intensity exponential - Exponential, RGB .

Gamma correction - . Dark , -. Bright gamma(, gamma 2.2, Bright 0.4545).

Intensity gamma - , (r/g/b) .

Reinhard - . Burn 1.0, , Burn 0.0 .

Dark multiplier - .Bright multiplier - .

Gamma - color mapping. , Gamma correction color mapping. , 2.2-gamma, Gamma 2.2.

Sub-pixel mapping - color mapping , sub-pixel. , , , .

Affect background - , color mapping background .

Clamp output - , color mapping . (, hdr , ) - , Clamp output.Displacement

Edge length - . (subtriangles). , , . Edge length View-dependent, .

View-dependent - , Edge length . 1.0 , . , Edge length .

Max. subdivs - . . , 256, 65536 .

. tesselate . V-Ray 1.45.20, ( () - ).

Tight bounds - , V-Ray displaced . , , (, ). , , . Vray .:

displacement- bounding box. , displacement . , VRayDisplacementMod , .

Indirect Illumination

Approaches to indirect illumination

V-Ray :

Direct computation - (Quasi-Monte Carlo GI) - ; GI .

:

( ) ;

, (flicker) ;

;

(motion-blurred) .

:

(, );

, , .

Irradiance map - ; , .

:

irradiance map , ;

irradiance map;

irradiance map , ( ) fly-through;

irradiance map area light .

:

GI, ;

low , (flicker) ;

irradiance map ;

(motion-blurred) ( ).

Photon map - . "". Photon map ; .

:

photon map ;

photon map fly-through ;

photon map .

:

photon map ;

;

V-Ray's , (motion-blurred) ( );

photon map , environment lights (skylight).

Light map - . photon mapping, . light map . 3d , photon map.Light map GI () , irradiance map direct GI .

Advantages:

lightmap . , photon map, , .

light-mapping - skylight, self-illuminated , non-physical, photometric ... , photon map , - photon map skylight omni .

Light map . Photon map, , , .

light map .

Disadvantages:

irradiance map, light map . , , , GI ; * V-Ray ;

V-Ray ;

photon map, light map . , .

light map bump maps;

irradiance map direct GI bump maps.

(motion-blurred) , , lightmap GI ( irradiance map, ).

? . .

Primary () secondary ()

V-Ray : . , () , /. , () GI ( ).

On - .

GI caustics

GI caustics represent GI caustics - /. skylight, self-illuminated . , direct lights . Caustics direct light. , GI caustics .

Refractive GI caustics - () . GI caustics Caustics, , .Refractive GI caustics skylight .

Reflective GI caustics - . , Caustics, . .. , ..

Post-processing

indirect illumination, . ; .

Saturation - : 0.0 - , . 1.0 - , GI . 1.0 - .

Contrast - Contrast base GI .

Contrast 0.0, GI solution , Contrast base. 1.0 Contrast . 1.0 .

Contrast base - Contrast. GI, .

Save maps per frame - , , V-Ray GI maps (irradiance, photon, caustic, light maps) auto-save, . . , V-Ray .

First (primary) diffuse bounces

Multiplier - primary diffuse bounces . 1.0 . , .

Primary GI engine diffuse - primary bounces:

Irradiance map

Global photon map

Quasi-Monte Carlo

Light mapmore information.

Secondary diffuse bounces

Multiplier - secondary diffuse bounces . 1.0 , 0.0 . . , .

Secondary diffuse bounces method - secondary diffuse bounces.

None - . indirect color bleeding.

Global photon map

Quasi-Monte Carlo

Light mapmore information.

: V-Ray skylight. Skylight background color environment map MAX's environment , V-Ray' Environment.

GI 1.0. , .

Light Cache

Light caching ( light mapping) . Chaos Group V-Ray . photon mapping, photon mapping .

Light caching . 3D , photon map. , , .. photon map , photon map.

, light-caching photon map:

. , photon map, .

Light-caching - skylight, self-illuminated , non-physical lights, photometric lights ... Photon map , skylight standard omni .

Light cache . Photon map, , , , .

.

, light caching photon map . light cache .

, light cache :

irradiance map, .

photon map, light cache . .

Light cache bump maps.

Subdivs - . (1000 , 1000000 ).

Sample size - . , , , . , . , light cache Scale.

Scale - Sample size Filter size

Screen - (1.0 ). , . . , light cache .

World - . - , . . fly-through , .

Store direct light - , . , irradiance map direct GI , .. light cache, . . light cache , , .

Show calc. phase - . , . - .

Pre-filter - , light cache . normal light cache filtering ( ) . , , . . light cache light cache.

Filter - . , light cache.

None - . . , , light cache . ( ). , light cache .

Nearest - . light cache, , light cache . , . Interpolation samples , light cache .

Fixed - . , light cache . Filter size. . 2-6 Sample size. Filter size Sample size Scale

Use light cache for glossy rays - , light cache GI .

.

Number of passes - light cache , . light cache . , , ; .

, 1 .

Mode - light cache:

Progressive path tracing - , light cache . .

Single frame - light cache .

Fly-through - light cache , .

World Scale . Light cache , .

From file - , light cache . light cache; , light cache , light cache.

: Adaptation by importance amount QMC sampler 0.0 light cache, .

, . , , light cache .

255 .

light cache , Filter size (flickering) GI.

light caches , light caches .

photon map, light cache . , .

Quasi-Monte Carlo GI

Quasi-Monte Carlo GI GI.

Quasi-Monte Carlo GI -. GI . , , .

Quasi-Monte Carlo GI, (photon map light map) ( ).

ParametersSubdivs - GI. V-Ray (). , QMC sampler .

Depth - Quasi-Monte Carlo GI . .Irradiance Map

irradiance map. , irradiance map GI .

, irradiance map .

Irradiance 3D , . , irradiance 3D . , irradiance map. - , . .. , .

, - , .

, diffuse surface irradiance - , , .

V-Ray, irradiance map . GI, (, , ), . Irradiance map . ( ) . , , , .

Irradiance map 3d ( ) . GI , V-Ray , irradiance map . , V-Ray ( , ..). , V-Ray , . , irradiance map..

Basic parameters

Min rate - GI . 0 , ( " ", ). -1 , ( ..). , GI . Min rate Adaptive subdivision image sampler.

Max rate - GI . Max rate Adaptive subdivision image sampler.

Color threshold (Clr thresh) - irradiance map . ; irradiance map ( ).

Normal threshold (Nrm thresh) - irradiance map . ; irradiance map ( ).

Distance threshold (Dist thresh) - irradiance map . 0.0 irradiance map , , .

Hemispheric subdivs (HSph. subdivs) - GI . , . (direct computation). , rQMC sampler.

Interpolation samples (Interp. samples) - GI . , , , HSph. Subdivs .

Options

Show samples - . Show calc phase - , V-Ray irradiance map . . , , . - , .

Show direct light - Show calc phase . (direct lighting) (indirect lighting) irradiance map. V-Ray direct lighting, . , direct lighting , , (secondary diffuse bounces, GI).

Detail enhancement

Detail enhancement irradiance map . - , the irradiance map GI flickering . Detail enhancement , QMC sampling . , ambient occlusion , , .

On - detail enhancement irradiance map. Irradiance map . (detail enhancement), irradiance map . , irradiance map , direct sampling.

Scale - Radius:

Screen - .

World - .

Radius - direct sampling. , - , . , . ambient occlusion .

Subdivs mult. - , irradiance map Hemispheric subdivs. 1.0 , , irradiance map. , ..

Advanced options

Interpolation type - . irradiance map.

Weighted average - . GI . , , .

Least squares fit - ; GI irradiance map. , weighted average , . , , , irradiance map .

Delone triangulation - (indirect illumination). . , Delone triangulation . . . hemispheric subdivs, Noise threshold QMC sampler.

Least squares with Voronoi weights - least_squares_fit, irradiance map. .

, , Least_squares_fit Delone triangulation. , Least_squares_fit . . Delone triangulation , hemispheric subdivs high Maxirradiance map ( ), . .

Sample lookup - . irradiance map .

Nearest - ( , Interpolation samples ) V-Ray. , , . , , ( ).

Nearest quad-balanced - nearest lookup, . ( quad-balanced). , Nearest , . , , .

Precalculated overlapping - . irradiance map , . , . , , , . , . , , , . , , ( ) . , .

Density-based - ; Nearest Precalculated overlapping . , , .

:Nearest lookup, , . Nearest quad-balanced . Precalculated overlapping , GI solution.Density-based ., . Delone triangulation , .

Calc. pass interpolation samples - irradiance map. , . 10 25. calculation pass, . . , 15.

Use current pass samples - irradiance map. , V-Ray irradiance map . V-Ray , . V-Ray , . , , irradiance map . , , irradiance map. .

Randomize samples - irradiance map. , . , , . .

Check sample visibility - . V-Ray irradiance map, . . , V-Ray .

Mode

Mode - irradiance map .

Bucket mode - , separate irradiance map ("bucket"). , irradiance map , . Single frame, ("bucket"), ( ). irradiance map (High preset, hemispheric subdivs Noise threshold QMC sampler).

Single frame - ; irradiance map , irradiance map . , irradiance map. . , , .

Multiframe incremental - ( ) ( fly-through ). V-Ray irradiance map ; V-Ray . irradiance map , - irradiance map.

From file - V-Ray irradiance map . irradiance map . fly-through .

Add to current map - V-Ray irradiance map . , irradiance map ( ) .

Incremental add to current map - V-Ray irradiance map . , irradiance map ( ) fly-through .

irradiance map - , , fly-through .

irradiance map

, irradiance map:

Browse - irradiance map From file. , .

Save to file - irradiance map . "Don't delete" "On render end". V-Ray irradiance map .

Reset irradiance map - () irradiance map ..

On render end

, V-Ray irradiance map .

Don't delete - , , V-Ray irradiance map . , V-Ray irradiance map, . , .

Auto save - , V-Ray irradiance map . , irradiance map , .

Switch to saved map - Auto save . Switch to saved map , V-Ray irradiance map From file , ..

Caustic

V-Ray . / ( , / Object settings Lights settings Render parameters > System > Object/Light settings). photon map.

On - .

Multiplier - . , . , .

: .

Search dist - (search area). Search dist.

Max photons - V-Ray Search dist, . Max photons V-Ray Max photons .

Max density - (, ) photon map. V-Ray caustics photon map, , Max density. , V-Ray photon map. , V-Ray photon map. ( , ) .

Mode - irradiance map:

New map - photon map . ( ), .

Save to file - , photon map .

From file - V-Ray photon map, , .

Don't delete - , V-Ray photon map . , . , photon map .

Auto save - , V-Ray caustics photon map .

Switch to saved map - Auto save . V-Ray From file Auto save.

: ( Light settings dialog).