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TENSES
AND
YOU
Prepared by:Ms. CHANDAN MEETT.G.T ENGLISHDL DAV SHALIMARBAGH
This study material can be used by teachers as well as students.This material is basically meant for students of class VII and can be used in modules for class VI also.This presentation enhances the grasping power of the students as it not only provides the definitions , structures and examples but through their pictorial or animated description, aids the teaching – learning process.Exercises have been attached to each concept so that students can apply the concepts and check their understanding.
How to use these slidesTo move in the main sequence (eg. To move from simple present to simple past )PRESS SPACE BAR.To move to exercises , uses etc, click where the direction is given. For example on words like –Use , exercise , exercise on simple present etc.WARNING : NEVER PRESS SPACE BAR AFTER AN EXERCISE OR SLIDE OF USES AS YOU MAY NOT BE ABLE TO COME BACK TO THE MAIN SEQUENCE.
Glossary
Here certain terms are explained to help you understand better :
Verbs : Word used to express an action or state.
V1 – First or base form of verb, eg. DoV2 – Second or past form of verb, eg. did. V3 – Third or past participle for of verb, eg.
Done.page1
GLOSSARYSUB – SUBJECT – The part which names the person or thing we are speaking about .
SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT (click on the following to understand)
FOR SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
FOR PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
FOR PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
What are tenses ?
Tenses describe an action along with it’s time.
TIME CAN BE OF THREE TYPES
PRESENT
P A S T
FUTURE
TENSES ARE
OF
4
TYPES
Tenses
Simple
Continuous Perfect
Perfect continuous
AND 3 X 4 =
12SO THERE ARE
12 TYPES
OF
TENSES
SIMPLE PRESENT
This tense is used to describe actions which take place in the present. But no definite time is given.
SUB + V1 (s/es)
Examples : Suresh writes neatly. Mona plays football. uses
SIMPLE PAST1) Hi Rahul . Where
were you yesterday?
3) Did you enjoy ?
2) I went to my village.
4) Oh ! I enjoyed so much that I didn’t want to return.
Simple past tense describes an action that took place at a time in the past.
SUB + V2 (see the underlined verbs)
exercise on simple past
SIMPLE FUTURE
Simple future describes an action which will take place at a time in the future. : SUB + WILL/SHALL + V1
Eg. I shall play in the evening. (intention)
Brazil will win the match. (prediction)
Exercise on simple future
Lets go to a hill station
next week.
Yes, all my friends
will go out of town .
It will be very cold. The snow is going to fall there.
Are your friends also going somewhere?
PRESENT CONTINUOUSThis tense describes actions which continue or go on for some time in the presentSUB + IS/AM/ARE + V1 + INGExamples : I am teaching grammar. We are studying tenses.
Exercise on present continuous
PAST CONTINUOUS
This tense describes actions which continued or were going on for some time in the past.
SUB + WAS / WERE + V1 + ING
Examples :Children were playing in the park yesterday .
I was sleeping when you called. (extra ‘gyan’)
Exercise on past continuous
FUTURE CONTINUOUSThis tense is used to describe actions which continue for some time in the future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL + BE + V1 + INGExamples :I shall be packing for the journey later.Mridul will be coming home in the
evening.Exercise on future continuous
PRESENT PERFECTThis tense is used for actions which start and finish in the present time.
SUB + HAS / HAVE + V3
It is used in the following circumstances:1. When an action is completed in the near present or just now. Click on example to understand .2. When an action started earlier and continued up till the
moment of speaking. Click on example to understand .3. When an action happened earlier but its effect is there in the
present. Click on example to understand .
exercise on present perfect
Past perfectThis tense is used for actions that finished in the past ,but even before
another action in past only.
SUB + HAD + V3Example : I had solved the sum when the class began.
sum solved class began now_____|_________________|____________|
10 a.m. 10:30 a.m. 11 a.m. past in past past present < - time line - >USE (click to understand)
FUTURE PERFECTThis tense is used for actions which will finish by a certain time in future.
SUB + WILL / SHALL +HAVE + V3
Example : I shall have finished the painting by Wednesday.
Sunday Tuesday wednesday
|---------------------|--------------------|Time of speaking painting finished
< ---------time line---------- > exercise
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
This tense is used for actions which started earlier and are going on in the present. (no information about when they will finish is given)
SUB + HAS / HAVE + V1 + ING
Example : I have been playing for two hours.
Click here to understand better
Past perfect continuousThis tense is used to describe actions that started at a time in the past and continued for sometime in the past only.
SUB + HAD + BEEN + V1 + ING
I had been working for ten hours before leaving the office.
Exercise on past perfect continuous
Future perfect continuous
This tense is used when before a particular time in the future, an action starts and continues after that time also.
SUB + WILL / SHALL + HAVE + BEEN + V1 + ING
Click here to understand
end show
YOUR ROUTINE
You go to school by bus.
You study till 1 p.m.
You play in the evening.
You sleep at 10 p.m.
LIKES / DISLIKES
PROVERBS
All that glitters is not gold.
HABITS
I study at 4P.M. in the evening.
UNVERSAL TRUTHS
The Sun rises in the East.
Back
Exercise on simple present
I LIKE RAINBOWS
I ENJOY DANCING
USE OF PAST CONTINUOUS Past continuous is also used to describe a time period within which an action took place.Example : Ramesh was studying when Rohan returned.
Rohan returned--------------------|--------------------------------------- < ---time period for which Ramesh was studying---> back
Exercise on simple present
Describe your routine.
Example :
I get up at 5 in the morning . I reach school by 7.30 and study till 1 P.M. in the afternoon.
back
Exercise on simple past tense
Describe what you did yesterday with second or past form of following verbs :
play
study
gosleep
help
back
Answer the following questions using the structure of simple future tense :
1. What will you do in your holidays?
eg. I shall sleep a lot during my holidays.
2. Will you study a little bit?
3. Will you join some hobby classes ?
back
Use the following words and form sentences of the actions going on in the picture:
Subject : boy , bird , teacher
Verb : write , teach , flyExercise on present continuous back
EXERCISE ON PAST CONTINUOUS
This is a picture of the party you attended yesterday. Now describe toyour friend what was going o n in the party. Eg. Uncle Tom was snoring in the middle of the party.
back
Exercise on
Future continuous
Identify the use of simple future and future continuous in the paragraph given above.
Difference between simple future and future continuous
back
Simple future and continuous
Simple future describes an action which will take place in future.
Example :
I will bake a cake in the evening.
I shall study on Sunday.
Future continuous is used when an action is described in relation to a future time around which that action will be going on.Example :
When you return, I will be baking a cake.
Don’t come on Sunday as I shall be studying .
back
I have completed the answer just now.
back
Oh hello M r. Dubey ! I have seen you after such a long time. Last time I saw you in 1997
Oh yes. I got a job in Goa in 1997.We have lived there for ten years .
back
A truck has hit my car
back
Exercise on present perfect
State whether correct or incorrect :
1) I have seen the Taj Mahal yesterday.
a) correct b) incorrect
2) She have gone just now.
a) correct b) incorrect
3) Puja is having a car.
a) correct b) incorrect
4) They have left just now.
a) correct b) incorrect back
started still continue playing playing playing|-----|-----------------------|---------------------- > 2 p.m. -> 4 p.m. (time of speaking) Use of since and forexercise back
BRAVO !
BACK
BACK
You have done it again !
back
Marvelous !
back
Oops!
‘ I have seen the Taj Mahal yesterday.’Here ‘have seen’ refers to present time
and the word ‘yesterday’ to past and both cannot come together in one sentence.
The correct sentence is :I have seen the Taj Mahal. OrI saw the Taj Mahal yesterday. back
Try again
‘She have gone to Australia’
Along with singular third person pronoun( she) we use has and not have
Correct sentence:She has gone to Australia. BACK
BETTER LUCK NEXT TIME !INCORRECT
‘Puja is having a car’
Having means the action of eating.
CORRECT‘Puja has a car.’In sentences related to
PossessionRelationshipHealth
has / have is used.Eg : I have a book. She has a brother.
back
WHY ?
BACK
Use of past perfect tense
7 p.m.
9 p.m.
7 p.m.
9 p.m.
When there are two actions, both in past, then past perfect tense is used to describe the action which took place first and simple past tense is used to describe the action which took place later.
Example : John had cooked (past perfect) the meal when the guests arrived(simple past).
Use of past perfect
back
Food cooked
Guests arrived
exercise
Exercise on past perfect
Join the sentences using past perfect tense:
Eg. I reached the station (8 a.m.). The train left (7: 50 a.m.)
Answer : The train had left when I reached the station.
• I completed the essay (10 a.m.). The bell rang (10:05 a.m.).• The movie began (3 p.m.). Arun reached the theatre (3:30
p.m.) .• The doctor arrived (5 a.m.). The patient died (4 a.m.).
back
Exercise on future perfect
1) W hen my parents return
2) The cake will have finished
3) The movie will have begun
4) In fifty years 5) I shall have read
the book
a) Before the party begins
b) Before we reach the theatre
c) I shall have gone to sleep
d) When the school reopens
e) Man will have made homes on the Moon
back
Match the columns and make complete sentences :
Exercise on present perfect continuous
Rewrite the following sentences using present perfect continuous along with since or for :
Eg . Children are writing the answer. began(9 a.m.) now (11 a.m.)Children have been writing the answer for 2 hrs.a) The workers are digging the road. began(morning) now(?)b) The company is constructing a bridge. began(2005) now(?)c) Rahul is painting. Began(2 p.m.) now(5p.m.) back
Difference between since and for SINCE
Since is used when we know only the point in time when the action began
Eg. Morning , Monday, 1997 etc.
It shows the time when the action began
For example :I have been studying since
morning.
Studied for how much Time ? DON’T KNOW
FOR
For is used when we know the point when the action began and the period for which it continued
Eg. Two hours, 10 days,century It answers the following
question For how much time did the
action continue ?Eg. I have been studying for
five days.Studied for how much time? 5 days back
With the help of the hints given form sentences using past perfect continuous :
a) Cleaning – afternoon c) working on the computer - Monday
b) Howling – 5 hours d) reading – ten days
back
The worker will have been digging the ground before the vehicles start coming.
|--------|-------------------|---------------------------------------------- > 7 a.m. 9 a.m. Continues digging starts digging vehicles after vehicles come come
Exercise back
Exercise on future perfect continuous
Join the hints to form complete sentences 1a) I Running --- the race--- b) he finish
I shall have been running when he finishes the race.
Click for next
2
a) Neeta sleeping b) we return
3a) The teacher teaching ---the class----b) you reach
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREMENT FOR SIMPLE PRESENT
PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1st person
(the person speaking)Bare verb
I play
Bare verb
We play2nd person
(the person spoken to)Bare verb
You play
Bare verb
You play3rd person
(the person spoken to)Verb + s/esHe/she/ it/ name plays
Bare verb
They play
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PERSON VERB
1st person
I / we
Am + verb + ing
Am painting
2nd person
You
Are + verb + ing
Are
3rd person
He/she/ it/ they/ name
Is/are + verb +ing
He/she/it/name is painting.
They are painting.
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PAST CONTINUOUS
Person Singular Plural
1st I was We were
2nd You were You were
3rd He/she/it/ name was
They were
back
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT FOR PRESENT PERFECT
PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL
1ST I have We have
2nd You have You have
3rd He/she/it/ name has
They have
back
Thank
you !
