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1 HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN B. A.(ECONOMICS) CBCS Syllabus 2011 Document code : SYLLABUS BAECO 2011 Revision No: 00 Name of Faculty ARTS Faculty Code AR Programme Name : ECONOMICS Programme Code : BAECO Effective from: JUNE-2011

· Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

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Page 1: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

1

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN B. A.(ECONOMICS) CBCS Syllabus 2011

Document code : SYLLABUS BAECO 2011Revision No: 00Name of Faculty ARTSFaculty Code ARProgramme Name : ECONOMICSProgramme Code : BAECOEffective from: JUNE-2011

Page 2: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

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Sem

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The

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CC-101 BAECO101C

C CC

Micro Economics-1 (ME-1)

70 30 100 4

1CC-102

BAECO102CC CC

Money & Banking (MBC)

70 30 100 4

1SE-103

BAECO101CE CE

Micro Economics-1 (MCE)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO101CE-102CE

1

SE-103

BAECO102CE

CECo-operative in India : 1 (COI)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO101CE-102CE

1SE-104

BAECO101CE CE

Money & Banking (MBS)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO101CE-102CE

1

SE-104

BAECO102CE

CE

Co-operative in Foreign Countries:1 (CFC)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO101CE-102CE

1

SE-105

BAECO101EO EO

Elementary Economics -1(EES)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO101EO-102EO

1 SE-105

BAECO102EO EO

Co-operation – 1 (CES)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO101EO-102EO

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70 30 100 4

2

CC112

BAECO202CC CC

Banking & Public Economics (BPE)

70 30 100 4

2SE113

BAECO201CE CE

Micro Economics-2 (MCE)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO201CE-202CE

2

SE113

BAECO202CE CE

Co-operative in India : 2(COI)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO201CE-202CE

2

SE114

BAECO201CE

CE

Economics Banking & Public Economics (EBP)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO201CE-202CE

2

SE114

BAECO202CE

CE

Co-operative in Foreign Countries:2 (CFC)

70 30 100 4 Any one paper from BAECO201CE-202CE

2

SE115

BAECO201EO EO

Elementary Economics-2 (EES)

70 30 100 4Any one paper from BAECO201EO-202EO

2SE115

BAECO202EO EO

Co-operation – 2 (CES)

70 30 100 4Any one paper from BAECO201EO-202EO

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Economic Systems -1 (ES-1)

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70 30 100 4

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70 30 100 4 4

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70 30 100 4 4

4CC-210

BAECO401CE CE

Economic Systems -2 (EC-2)

70 30 100 4 4

4

CC-210

BAECO402CC CC(B

)

Rural Economy of India :- 2 (RE-2)

70 30 100 4

4CC-210

BAECO403CC CC(C

)

Quantitative Techniques -2 (QT-2)

70 30 100 4

4 CC-210

BAECO404CC

CC(D)

Investigation – 2 (IV-2) 70 30 100 4

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70 30 100 4

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70 30 100 4

Page 6: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

6

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO101CC Semester : 1

Micro Economics-1 (ME-1)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time (hours) Examination Marking schemeTheory

(hrs)Practical

(hrs)Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of this paper is to introduce the basic concepts of economics to the students so as to able them for further learning in economics

Unit

No.

Topic

No.Content Hrs

.MarksW + %

Credit

1 1.1 Introduction :Definition of Economics, Nature & Scope of Economics, Methodology in economics ,choice as an economics problems, Basic postulater

04

2 2.1 Demand and Supply :Meaning and laws of Demand, Extension of demand and contraction of demand, Increase and decrease of demand; Meaning and laws of Supply, Extension of supply and contraction of supply, Increase and decrease of supply.

3 3.1 Introduction of Utility analysis:Definition of Utility, Cardinal utility analysis-assumption, Concept of marginal utility, Concept of total utility, Difference between marginal and total utility; Ordinal Utility analysis-Concepts of scale of preference, concept of Indifference schedule and indifference curve, Marginal rate of substitution.

4 4.1 Elasticity of Demand :Meaning of Elasticity of Demand, Meanings and Types of Price Elasticity of demand , Importance of Price Elasticity of demand, Factor determining of price elasticity.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,5 Parkin, Micha (1990) :l Micro Economics,Addiison Willey Publishing Co., New York6 VDLG VFZPS[P D]<IGF\ l;wWF\TM4 I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFNP

Page 7: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

7

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO102CC Semester : 1

Money & Banking (MBC)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04Teaching time (hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to introduce the students to basic understanding of macro economics and public finance.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Basic Concepts :Money - meanings, functions and classification. Gresham's law, Role of money in capitalist, socialist and mixed economies; Monetary standards - Metallic and paper system of note issue.

04

2 2.1 Inflation-1 :Concept of Inflation, deflation and reflation , types and causes of inflation; effects of inflation of the different sectors of the economy.

3 3.1 Inflation-2 :Demand-pull and cost-push inflation, Measures to control inflation, Trade off between inflation and unemployment( Philiphs Curve).

4 4.1 Commercial Banking :Meaning and types of bank, Functions of commercial banks, The process of credit creation - Purpose and limitations, Liabilities and assets of banks.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Dewett K.K: Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Mithani D.M.,: Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance, Himalaya Publication House, New

Delhi.3 Shrivastava P.K.,:Banking Theory and Practice, Himalaya Publication House, New Delhi.4 Ahuja H.L: Macro Economic Theory & Policy, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

Page 8: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

8

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO101CE Semester : 1

Micro Economics-1 (MCE)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time (hours) Examination Marking schemeTheory

(hrs)Practical

(hrs)Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of this paper is to introduce the basic concepts of economics to the students so as to able them for further learning in economics

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Introduction :Definition of Economics, Nature & Scope of Economics, Methodology in economics ,choice as an economics problems, Basic postulater

04

2 2.1 Demand and Supply :Meaning and laws of Demand, Extension of demand and contraction of demand, Increase and decrease of demand; Meaning and laws of Supply, Extension of supply and contraction of supply, Increase and decrease of supply.

3 3.1 Introduction of Utility analysis:Definition of Utility, Cardinal utility analysis-assumption, Concept of marginal utility, Concept of total utility, Difference between marginal and total utility; Ordinal Utility analysis-Concepts of scale of preference, concept of Indifference schedule and indifference curve, Marginal rate of substitution.

4 4.1 Elasticity of Demand :Meaning of Elasticity of Demand, Meanings and Types of Price Elasticity of demand , Importance of Price Elasticity of demand, Factor determining of price elasticity.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,5 Parkin, Micha (1990) :l Micro Economics,Addiison Willey Publishing Co., New York6 VDLG VFZPS[P D]<IGF\ l;wWF\TM4 I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFNP

Page 9: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

9

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO102CE Semester : 1

Co-operative in India : 1 (COI)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04Teaching time (hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Meaning and definitions of co-operation and its origin and development, co-operative development in India during five years plans.

04

2 2.1 Position of co-operation in developing countries, Panchayat Rajya and co-operative movement, Achievements and limitations, gained through Indian co-operative movement.

3 3.1 Recommendation of All India Rural credit Inspection and Review Committee. Function of Agricultural credit co-operative societies.

4 4.1 Objects and function of co-operative societies : Spinning Mills, sugar factories, co-operatives of milk producers, Union Co-operative Ginning, oil and rice Mills.

Page 10: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

10

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO101CE Semester : 1

Money & Banking (MBS)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to introduce the students to basic understanding of macro economics and public finance.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

Basic Concepts :Money - meanings, functions and classification. Gresham's law, Role of money in capitalist, socialist and mixed economies; Monetary standards - Metallic and paper system of note issue.

04

2 2.1 Inflation-1 :Concept of Inflation, deflation and reflation , types and causes of inflation; effects of inflation of the different sectors of the economy.

3 3.1 Inflation-2 :Demand-pull and cost-push inflation, Measures to control inflation, Trade off between inflation and unemployment( Philiphs Curve).

4 4.1 Commercial Banking :Meaning and types of bank, Functions of commercial banks, The process of credit creation - Purpose and limitations, Liabilities and assets of banks.

Reference BooksNo Book Name

1 Dewett K.K: Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Mithani D.M.,: Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance, Himalaya Publication House, New

Delhi.3 Shrivastava P.K.,:Banking Theory and Practice, Himalaya Publication House, New Delhi.4 Ahuja H.L: Macro Economic Theory & Policy, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

Page 11: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

11

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO102CE Semester : 1

Co-operative in Foreign Countries:1 (CFC)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit :

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Meaning and principles of co-operation, origin and development of co-operatives in the world countries

2 2.1 Attitude of collective farming, advantages and disadvantage of collective farming, Experiences of collective farming in Russia.

3 3.1 Consumer co-operatives in Britain and Sweden and their objects and function.

4 4.1 Dairy co-operatives of Denmark and Newzeland, Objects, function and progress

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN

Page 12: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

12

Programme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO101EO Semester : 1

Elementary Economics -1(EES)Course type : Elective Open Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of this paper is to introduce the student to basic understanding of elementary economics.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs Marks

W + %

1 1.1Definition and basic Concept of economics Variables:Definition of Economics, Demand, Supply, Difference between value and price, Utility, Private & public goods.

2 2.1 Factor of Production:Factors of production, Meaning and characteristics of Labour, Meaning and characteristics of Land, Meaning and characteristics of Capital, Meaning and characteristics of Entrepreneur, Division of labour and specialization-merit and demerit.

3 3.1 Concept of Money :Various definition of money, difference between value & price, functions of money, Gresham's law, Value of money.

4 4.1 Inflation :Meaning and types of Inflation, Causes & effects of inflation.

Reference BooksNo Book Name

1 Dewett K.K: Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Mithani D.M.,: Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance, Himalaya Publication House, New

Delhi.3 Shrivastava P.K.,:Banking Theory and Practice, Himalaya Publication House, New Delhi.4 Ahuja H.L: Macro Economic Theory & Policy, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

Page 13: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

13

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO102EO Semester : 1

Co-operation – 1 (CES)Course type : Elective Open Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Gensis of co- operation definitions and salient features of Co- Operation

1.2 Principles of Co-Operation as reformulated by ICA

2 2.1 Co-Operation as economic s system2.2 Co-Operation and Capitalism2.3 Co-operation and Socialism2.4 Co-operation and trade unions2.5 Co-operation and Partnership

3 3.1 Structure of Co Operative Organization3.2 Primary , Central and Apex Institutions3.3 Their functions and their interrelationship3.4 Importance of Co-Operative Education and Training

4 4.1 Credit societies and Non credit Societies 4.2 Primary Agricultural Co-Operative Credit Societies4.3 Co-Operative Marketing Societies4.4 Co-operative Consumers societies4.5 Co-operative housing Societies4.6 Women’s Co-operative Societies

No Book Name1 ;CSFZ l5|P XLB 4 U-JL 4 NMXL 2 ;CSFZ l;£F\T VG[ jIJCFZ l5|P XLB 4 U-JL s I]lGP U\|Y lGDF¶6 AM0¶ f3 ;CSFZGF l;£F\T VG[ jIJCFZ l5|P XF:+L 4 NJ[4 5|FP 5\RM,L VG[ 5ZDFZ4 ;CSFZL jIJ:YF VG[ JCLJ8 CS]DTZFI N[;F. s U]P ZFP ;CSFZL ;\W f5 ;CSFZ NX¶G HUNLX D],F6L6 Theory and Practice of Co-operation in India K. R. Kulkarni and Abroad7 Theory , History and practice of Co-operation R. D. Bedi8 Co-operation in India Dr. B. S. Mathur9 Co-operative movement in India & Abroad Dr. N. P. Mathur10 Co-operation in India Dr. C. B. Mamoria11 New Dimension of Co-operative Management G. S. Kamat

Page 14: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

14

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO201CC Semester : 2

Micro Economics-1 (ME-1)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of this paper is to introduce the basic concepts of economics to the students so as to able them for further learning in economics

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Elasticity of Demand-2:Meaning and types of income elasticity, Importance of income elasticity, Factors determining of income elasticity of demand, Meaning and importance of cross elasticity.

04

2 2.1 Theory of Production & Cost :Meaning of Production Function, Short run production Function. Law of Diminishing Return; Different Concept of Costs (Real Cost, opportunity cost, and monetary cost) and their interrelation.

3 3.1 Market Structure :Meaning and forms of Markets, its functions & limitation; meaning & Characteristics of perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition.

4 4.1 Factor Pricing :Basic Concepts of Rent, Interest- Gross Interest and net interest , Wages-Normal wages and real wages; Profit - Gross Profit & Net Profit. Basic concept of economic welfare.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,5 Parkin, Micha (1990) :l Micro Economics,Addiison Willey Publishing Co., New York6 VDLG VFZPS[P D]<IGF\ l;wWF\TM4 I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFNP7 5ZLB GZCZL DFGJ VY"XF:+4 GJHLJG 5|SFXG D\lNZ4 VDNFJFNP

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO202CC Semester : 2

Page 15: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

15

Banking & Public Economics (BPE)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to introduce the students to basic understanding of macro economics and public finance.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

Commercial Banking:Evolution of commercial banking in India after Independence, A critical appraisal of the progress of commercial banking after nationalization, Recent reforms in banking sector in India, Concept of Foreign And Private Banks, Functions of Co-Operative Banks,

04

2 2.1 Central Banking :Meaning of Central bank, Functions of central bank(Reserve Bank Of India), Quantitative and qualitative methods of credit control - bank rate policy, open market operations, variable reserve ratio and selective methods, Objectives and limitations of monetary policy with special reference of India

3 3.1 Public Economics-1 :Meaning of Public Finance, instruments of Public Finance - Concept of Public expenditure, Causes of increasing public expenditure; Meaning, types and effects public debt.

4 4.1 Public Economics-2 :Meaning and types of tax, Merit and demerits of direct and indirect taxes, Effects of taxation

Reference BooksNo Book Name

1 Dewett K.K: Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Mithani D.M.,: Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance, Himalaya Publication House, New

Delhi.3 Shrivastava P.K.,:Banking Theory and Practice, Himalaya Publication House, New Delhi.4 Ahuja H.L: Macro Economic Theory & Policy, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO201CE Semester : 2

Micro Economics-2 (MCE)

Page 16: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

16

Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04Teaching time

(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of this paper is to introduce the basic concepts of economics to the students so as to able them for further learning in economics

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Elasticity of Demand-2:Meaning and types of income elasticity, Importance of income elasticity, Factors determining of income elasticity of demand, Meaning and importance of cross elasticity.

04

2 2.1 Theory of Production & Cost :Meaning of Production Function, Short run production Function. Law of Diminishing Return; Different Concept of Costs (Real Cost, opportunity cost, and monetary cost) and their interrelation.

3 3.1 Market Structure :Meaning and forms of Markets, its functions & limitation; meaning & Characteristics of perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition.

4 4.1 Factor Pricing :Basic Concepts of Rent, Interest- Gross Interest and net interest , Wages-Normal wages and real wages; Profit - Gross Profit & Net Profit. Basic concept of economic welfare.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,

Page 17: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

17

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO202CE Semester : 2

Co-operative in India : 1 (COI)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Course of origin in Indian co-operatives, Main characters,Importance of co-operative Principles and description.

04

2 2.1 Bank role and the working in Agricultural credit and Agricultural development – Reserve Bank of India, Land development Bank, State Bank of India, Co-operative Banks.

3 3.1 Necessity of co-operative education and training, objects and methods, youths and co-operatives, Women and co-operatives.

4 4.1 Co-operative Management, Registration Process of co-operative societies – Responsibilities of share holders, function of Management Committee, Function of general meeting, Function of Registrar, success of co-operative leadership.

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18

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO201CE Semester : 2

Economics Banking & Public Economics (EBP)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to introduce the students to basic understanding of macro economics and public finance.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

Commercial Banking:Evolution of commercial banking in India after Independence, A critical appraisal of the progress of commercial banking after nationalization, Recent reforms in banking sector in India, Concept of Foreign And Private Banks, Functions of Co-Operative Banks,

04

2 2.1 Central Banking :Meaning of Central bank, Functions of central bank(Reserve Bank Of India), Quantitative and qualitative methods of credit control - bank rate policy open market operations, variable reserve ratio and selective methods, Objectives and limitations of monetary policy with special reference of India.

3 3.1 Public Economics-1 :Meaning of Public Finance, instruments of Public Finance - Concept of Public expenditure, Causes of increasing public expenditure; Meaning, types and effects public debt.

4 4.1 Public Economics-2 :Meaning and types of tax, Merit and demerits of direct and indirect taxes, Effects of taxation

Reference BooksNo Book Name

1 Dewett K.K: Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Mithani D.M.,: Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance, Himalaya Publication House, New

Delhi.3 Shrivastava P.K.,:Banking Theory and Practice, Himalaya Publication House, New Delhi.4 Ahuja H.L: Macro Economic Theory & Policy, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi

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19

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO202CE Semester : 2

Co-operative in Foreign Countries:2 (CFC)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit :

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Raifision and setulitz movement in Germany (Credit)1.2 International co-operative Alliance

2 2.1 Co-operative Communities in Israel.2.2 Agricultural Co-operative in Japan.

3 3.1 Labour co-operative in Italy.3.2 Industrial co-operative in France.

4 4.1 Co-operative Marketing in U.S.A. and Canada.

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20

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO201EO Semester : 2

Elementary Economics -2(EES)Course type : Elective Open Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of this paper is to introduce the student to basic understanding of elementary economics.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hr

sMarksW + %

Credit

1 0.1Banking:Meaning and type of Bank, Functions of commercial and central Bank(Reserve Bank of India).

2 0.2 Indian economics issues-1 :Concept & Causes of Poverty, Remedies of Poverty; Types, Causes and Effects of Unemployment .

3 0.3 Indian economics issues-2 :Causes and effects of population explosion, population policy of India.

4 0.4 Environmental Economics :Concept of Environment, importance of ecological stability, Types of pollution, effects of pollution on society, remedies of pollution.

Reference BooksNo Book Name

1 Dewett K.K: Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Mithani D.M.,: Money, Banking, International Trade and Public Finance, Himalaya Publication House, New

Delhi.3 Shrivastava P.K.,:Banking Theory and Practice, Himalaya Publication House, New Delhi.4 Ahuja H.L: Macro Economic Theory & Policy, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.5 Dutt Ruddar & K.P.M. Sundaram: Indian Economy, S.Chand & Co. Ltd. New-Delhi6 Environment of disaster management, Swami prakation. Patan.

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21

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO202EO Semester : 2

Co-operation – 2 (CES)Course type : Elective Open Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Unit

No.TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Beginning and development of Co-operative Movement in India‘Amul’ GCMMF

2 2.1 Co-Operative Movement in Developing Economy States and Co-operative Movement

3 3.1 Co-operative Agricultural and rural development BankUrban Co-operative Bank and Urban Co-operative credit societies

4 4.1 Achievements and drawbacks of Co-operationConditions for success of Co-operative Movement

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 ;CSFZ l5|P XLB 4 U-JL 4 NMXL 2 ;CSFZ l;£F\T VG[ jIJCFZ l5|P XLB 4 U-JL s I]lGP U\|Y lGDF¶6 AM0¶ f3 ;CSFZGF l;£F\T VG[ jIJCFZ l5|P XF:+L 4 NJ[4 5|FP 5\RM,L VG[ 5ZDFZ4 ;CSFZL jIJ:YF VG[ JCLJ8 CS]DTZFI N[;F. s U]P ZFP ;CSFZL ;\W f5 ;CSFZ NX¶G HUNLX D],F6L6 Theory and Practice of Co-operation in India K. R. Kulkarni and Abroad7 Theory , History and practice of Co-operation R. D. Bedi8 Co-operation in India Dr. B. S. Mathur9 Co-operative movement in India & Abroad Dr. N. P. Mathur10 Co-operation in India Dr. C. B. Mamoria11 New Dimension of Co-operative Management G. S. Kamat12 Principles Practice and Problem Co-operationT. N. Hazela

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN

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22

Programme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO301CC Semester : 3

Micro Economics-1 (ME-1)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to analyze the economic behavior of individual, Firm and Market. It is mainly concerned with U.G.Studen

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + % Credit

1 1.1

Price mechanism and market equilibrium:-Concept of price mechanism, role of price mechanism, meaning and introduction of market equilibrium, change of demand and its effect on market equilibrium, change of supply and its effect on market equilibrium, change of demand and supply and their effect on market equilibrium.

04

2 2.1 Theory of Demand (cardinal utility analysis):-Law of diminishing marginal utility, Derivation of law of demand on basis of the law of diminishing marginal utility, Principle of equi-marginal utility, Explanation of consumer surplus on the basics of cardinal utility analysis.

3 3.1 Theory of Demand (cordial utility analyses):-Concept and characteristics of indifference curve, Price line, shifting in the price line, Consumer’s equilibrium, Brief introduction of price effect, income effect and substitute effect. Explanation of consumer surplus on the basic of ordinal utility analysis.

4 4.1 Theory of cost and Revenue:-Concepts of cost: Total cost, fixed cost and variable cost, Marginal and average cost, Inter relation between marginal and average cost.

4.2 Concept of revenue: Total revenue, Marginal revenue and average revenue in perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi

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23

3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,5 Parkin, Micha (1990) :l Micro Economics,Addiison Willey Publishing Co., New York6 VDLG VFZPS[P D]<IGF\ l;wWF\TM4 I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFNP

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24

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO302CC Semester : 3

Indian Economy -1 (IE-1)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the main problems and characteristic of different sectors of Indian economy.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1India as a developing Economy, its main characteristics. Human development Index of India. Changing structure of Indian economy, decreasing share of primary sector and increasing share of tertiary sector

04

2 2.1 PopulationPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy) Causes of population explosion and its effects on Indian economy, National population policy.

3 3.1 Problems of poverty and unemployment Meaning and nature of poverty (absolute and relative poverty), estimates of poverty in India. Causes and remedies of poverty. Meaning and types of unemployment estimates of unemployment in India, Causes and remedies of unemployment.

4 4.1 National Resources in India Importance of Natural resources in economic development. Land, Forest, Water and Mineral (coal, ferrous and non ferrous metals and other minerals).

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Indian Economy, Dutt and Sundram.2 Indian Economy, Mishra and Puri3 Indian Economy, Tandan and Tandan4 EFZTLI VY"T\+4GLZJ 5|SFXG45 EFZTLI VY"T\+4GLZJ 5|SFXG46 EFZTLI VY"T\+45M%I],Z 5|SFXG4;]ZTP

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN

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25

Programme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO303CC Semester : 3

Economic Systems -1 (ES-1)Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the basic philosophy and objects of different economic systems. The course also aims to introduce the merit and demerits of different economic systems

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Economic System: Meaning, chaectoristics, Function, Nature, Criteria for success and limitations.

04

2 2.1 Capitalism:Meaning, Capitalism as liaise fair, invisible hand, Price mechanism and free market.Characteristics and economic institutions of Capitalism. Souverigncy of consumer.

3 3.1 Merits and demerits of Capitalism (Benefits and Limitations)Controlled capitalism (related to Nazism) Survival of the capitalism,Development of Corporate culture and economic welfare of common people, benefits of Social Security Schemes. Association of capitalism with Democracy and economic freedom. Keynesian economics and states intervention.

4 4.1 Gandhian Economic Thoughts:Meaning of Gandhian economy. Main characteristics of Gandhian economic thoughts. Importance of labour intensive production techniques, small scale industries and rural economy. Relevance of Gandhian economic thought. Small is the beautiful—(Modern Gandhism –Dr. Shoeamaker.)

Reference BooksNo Book Name

1 Schumpeter, Joseph “Capitalism, socialism & Democracy, London : Allen & Unwin, 1943.

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26

2 Kornai Janos, the Socialists System: The Political Economy of Communism, Princeton, N.J.Princetn University Press 1942.

3 Dunlop, John B. The Rise of Russia and the fall of the soviet Empire, Princeton University press 1993.4 Bhagwati Jagdish India in transition. Oxford: Clarendon press. 1993.5 T],GFtDS VFlY"S 5wWlTVM o ,[BS 0MP VFZPS[P UF\WL I]lGJl;"8L U|\Y lGDF"6

AM0"4 U]HZFT ZFHIP6 U]HZFTG]\ VY"T\+ o ,[BS 0MP ALPS[PEÎ gI] 5M%I],Z 5|SFXG ;]ZTP7 5ZLB4GZClZP —DFGJ VY"XFàˆ

Page 27: · Web viewPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy)

27

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO301CE Semester : 3

Micro Economics-1 (CE-1)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to analyze the economic behavior of individual, Firm and Market. It is mainly concerned with U.G.Studen

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + % Credit

1 1.1

Price mechanism and market equilibrium:-Concept of price mechanism, role of price mechanism, meaning and introduction of market equilibrium, change of demand and its effect on market equilibrium, change of supply and its effect on market equilibrium, change of demand and supply and their effect on market equilibrium.

04

2 2.1 Theory of Demand (cardinal utility analysis):-Law of diminishing marginal utility, Derivation of law of demand on basis of the law of diminishing marginal utility, Principle of equi-marginal utility, Explanation of consumer surplus on the basics of cardinal utility analysis.

3 3.1 Theory of Demand (cordial utility analyses):-Concept and characteristics of indifference curve, Price line, shifting in the price line, Consumer’s equilibrium, Brief introduction of price effect, income effect and substitute effect. Explanation of consumer surplus on the basic of ordinal utility analysis.

4 4.1 Theory of cost and Revenue:-Concepts of cost: Total cost, fixed cost and variable cost, Marginal and average cost, Inter relation between marginal and average cost.

4.2 Concept of revenue: Total revenue, Marginal revenue and average revenue in perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

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28

2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,5 Parkin, Micha (1990) :l Micro Economics,Addiison Willey Publishing Co., New York6 VDLG VFZPS[P D]<IGF\ l;wWF\TM4 I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFNP

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29

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO302CE Semester : 3

Indian Economy -1 (IC-1)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the main problems and characteristic of different sectors of Indian economy.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1India as a developing Economy, its main characteristics. Human development Index of India. Changing structure of Indian economy, decreasing share of primary sector and increasing share of tertiary sector

04

2 2.1 PopulationPrinciple of demographic transition, size and trends of population in India.(birth rate, mortality rate, growth rate, rural- urban population, literacy rate and life expectancy) Causes of population explosion and its effects on Indian economy, National population policy.

3 3.1 Problems of poverty and unemployment Meaning and nature of poverty (absolute and relative poverty), estimates of poverty in India. Causes and remedies of poverty. Meaning and types of unemployment estimates of unemployment in India, Causes and remedies of unemployment.

4 4.1 National Resources in India Importance of Natural resources in economic development. Land, Forest, Water and Mineral (coal, ferrous and non ferrous metals and other minerals).

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Indian Economy, Dutt and Sundram.2 Indian Economy, Mishra and Puri3 Indian Economy, Tandan and Tandan4 EFZTLI VY"T\+4GLZJ 5|SFXG45 EFZTLI VY"T\+4GLZJ 5|SFXG46 EFZTLI VY"T\+45M%I],Z 5|SFXG4;]ZTP

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN

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30

Programme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO302CC Semester : 3

Rural Economy of India :- 1 (RE-1)Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the main problems of the rural economy of India. The course also aims to introduce the main organization and major development polices for rural development.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Salient features of Agrarian economy. Low per capita income and the problem of poverty. Problem of unemployment and under employment. Importance of agriculture in rural economy.

04

2 2.1 Social institutions and Rural Economy. Importance of joint family in the village community. The traditional cast system and simple division of labour .Social status of women in rural community. Traditional values in rural community. Social and religious beliefs and traditions

3 3.1 Agriculture allied activities in rural area. Animal husbandry and dairy products, Forestry, fishery, Poultry, Horticulture, Floriculture etc. (Scope for employment and income generation).

4 4.1 Low productivity of agriculture. Major causes, Traditional farming – seeds, fertilizer, irrigation, damage to crop. Risk in agricultural crops and nature of agriculture market, Agriculture finance and debt. Agro-based rural industries.

No Book Name1 Chakrravarty, Nihal chndra. Surveys and Plans for rural industries, Asia Publishing house, Bombay, 2002.2 Arora, Ramesh K. and Rakesh Ahooja, Administration of Rural Development. Arihant, 2003.3 Mahajan, V.S. Agriculture, Rural development and panchayati Raj. Deep and Deep Publication, 19964 Annual Reports on NABARD. Agriculture situation in India, Monthly published by Ministry of Agriculture.5 Rao C,H. Hanumantha (1975) Agricultural growth. Rural Poverty and Environmental Degradation in India,

Oxford University Press, New Delhi

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31

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO303CC Semester : 3

Quantitative Techniques -1 (QT-1)Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and analyze economic problem.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

Basic Concepts1Variables, Sets, Functions, Equations, Application of straight-line 2system, Slope of the line, Homogeneous function.Meaning of differentiation, Rules of differentiation.

04

2 2.1 Application of differentiation in Economics Maxima and Minima, Elasticities, Equilibrium of a firm and consumer, inter relationships among total, marginal and average cost and revenues, constrained optimization problem

3 3.1 Matrix and Determines Various types of matrices, Determinates, inverse of matrix, crammer’s rule.

4 4.1 Introduction to statisticsBasic concepts: Population, Sample, Parameter, Frequency, Distribution, Cumulative frequency: Graphic and diagrammatic representation of data, Thchniques of data collection; Sampling vs. population, primary and secondary data.

No Book Name1 Bhardwaj R.S., Business statistics, Excel Books, New Delhi.2 Business statistics, Sudhir Prakashan, Ahmedabad.3 Allen R.G.D., Mathematical Analysis for Edonomists,Macmillan Press And ELBS,London.4 Chiang A.C., Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.5 Asthana B.n.,Elements of Statistics, S,Chand & co Ltd. New Delhi.

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32

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO304CC Semester : 3

Investigation – 1 (IV-1)Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit :

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and analyze economic problem.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Statistics:Meaning and definition of statistics; Function, importance, limitation and distrust of statistics.

2 2.1 census and sample investigation:Meaning of census and sample investigation, difference between census and sample investigation, characteristics of a good sample, advantages of sampling, simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, sampling with application.

3 3.1 Collection of data:Meaning of primary and secondary data, methods of primary data collection, sources of secondary data, characteristics of a good questionnaire, design of questionnaires :- study of socio economic survey.

4 4.1 Classification and tabulation of data:Meaning of classification and tabulation, types of classification and tabulation, diagrammatic presentation and graphic presentation, types of diagrams, advantages of diagrammatic presentation and graphic presentation, drawing histogram frequency polygon, frequency curve and cumulative frequency curve.

No Book Name1 Bhardwaj R.S., Business statistics, Excel Books, New Delhi.2 Business statistics, Sudhir Prakashan, Ahmedabad.

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33

3 Allen R.G.D., Mathematical Analysis for Edonomists,Macmillan Press And ELBS,London.4 Chiang A.C., Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.5 Asthana B.n.,Elements of Statistics, S,Chand & co Ltd. New Delhi.

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34

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO301ES Semester : 3

Co-operation in India (CPI)Course type : Subject Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of this paper is to introduce the student to basic understanding of elementary economics.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs Marks

W + %

1 1.1

Genesis and Growth of Co-Operative movement in India. Place of co-operation in developing countries. Evaluation of the co-operative movement achievements and weaknesses of co-operative movement in India.

2 2.1 R.B.I and co-operative credit structure2.2 Primary credit co-operative societies.2.3 Role & Development of urban co-operative banking in Gujarat.2.4 District co-operative Banks2.5 State co-operative Bank2.6 co-operative credit (Apex body of) NABARD-its role2.7 Long term – Agricultural credit.

3 3.1 Registration Progress of co-operative society - general bodyResponsibilities and Liabilities of authorities. Inspection and Audit Arbitration. Management of cash balance of co-operative societies. Accounts of co-operation.

4 4.1 Functions and working of co-operative societies :- (1) Insurance and Living societies. (2) Industrial co-operative societies (3) Co-operative marketing societies (4) Co-operative housing societies (5) Co-operative consumer societies.(6) co-operative irrigation societies

No Book Name

1 ;CSFZ NX"G o zL HUNLXEF> D],F6L2 ;CSFZ o 0F"P ALP 0LP 5ZDFZ VG[ VgI3 ;CSFZ EFU !vZ o I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 5|SFXG4 co-operative Movement in India :- J. L. Raine5 CSFZ l;wWF\T VG[ jIJCFZ o I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0" 5|SFXG

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35

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO302ES Semester : 3

Law of Co-operation (LCP)Course type : Subject Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

History of co-operation legislation in India – co-operative credit societies 1904, co-operative societies Act 1912, Bombay co-operative Act-1925 and Societies Act of 1962, (with latest amendments and rules.)

2 2.1 The Gujarat Agricultural Produce marketing Act 1963, Agricultural debtors Relief Act, Money Lenders Act. The Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Land Act, 1948.

3 3.1 Management of co-operative society: (a) Annual General Body (b) Board of Directors (c) By Laws of societies.(d) Board of Nominee

4 4.1 Set up of co-operative department: (a) Functions and Powers of Registrar of co-operative societies (b) co-operative milk societies: Management, objective and functions

No Book Name

1 ;CSFZ < EFU ! VG[ Z o< I]lGP U|\Y lGDF”6 AM0”4 5|SFXG2 ;CSFZ l;wWF\T VG[ jIJCFZ o< I]lGP U|\Y lGDF”6 AM0”4 5|SFXG3 Co-operative Movement in India: - J. L. Raine4 CSFZL SFINM VG[ jIJ:YF5G o< I]lGP U|\Y lGDF”6 AM0”4 5|SFXG5 Theory, History and Practice: - R. D. Bedi

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36

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO401CC Semester : 4

Micro Economics-2 (ME-2)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to analyze the economic behavior of individual, Firm and Market. It is mainly concerned with U.G.Studen

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

Market Structure-1 (Perfect competition & monopoly):Meaning of perfect competition, short run and long run equilibrium of the firm and industry in perfect competition, Concept of monopoly, equilibrium of firm in the monopoly, Meaning and types of price discrimination, Possibility and profitability of price discrimination, Effect of monopoly.

04

2 2.1 Market structure- 2 (Monopolistic competition):Concept of monopolistic competition, price and output determination of firm under monopolistic competition, Equilibrium of group, Selling cost and its effect on demand curve, Comparison among perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition, concept of oligopoly and duopoly.

3 3.1 Distribution of National Income:Marginal productivity theory of distribution, Modern theory of rent, collective bargaining theory of wages, concept and effects of minimum wages.

4 4.1 Distribution and welfare economics:1 Theory of profit, Theory of risk, theory of uncertainly, theory of innovations.2 Definition of welfare economics, Introduction of economic and non economic welfare, concept of individual welfare and social welfare, Introduction of pigou’s welfare economics, problems in measuring welfare

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.

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37

2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,5 Parkin, Micha (1990) :l Micro Economics,Addiison Willey Publishing Co., New York6 VDLG VFZPS[P D]<IGF\ l;wWF\TM4 I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFNP

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38

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO402CC Semester : 4

Indian Economy -2 (IE-2)Course type : Core Complusory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the main problems and characteristic of different sectors of Indian economy.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1PlanningAchievements limitations and lessons of Indian planning. Objectives of planning, Resource allocation of planning. Achievements and limitations of liberalization policy in India.

04

2 2.1 AgricultureRole of agriculture in Indian economy. Causes of low productivity of agriculture in India. Land reforms, Role of credit in agricultural development, institutions providing credit to the agriculture sector. Regulated Agricultural Market. Introduction to green revolution in India.

3 3.1 Industrial SectorImportance of Industrial development in Indian economy. Trends of Industrial development. Importance and problems of Small scale and cottage industries in India. Measures of the development of small and cottage industry. Liberalized industrial policy in India.

4 4.1 Role of private sector, public sector and co-operative sector in the development of industrial and tertiary sector, special economic zone and special economic region.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Indian Economy, Dutt and Sundram.2 Indian Economy, Mishra and Puri3 Agarwal A.N. Indian Economy, Wiswas Parkas, New Delhi.4 R.B.I. Bulletin 5 Economic Survey of India.

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39

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO403CC Semester : 4

Economic Systems -2 (ES-2)Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the basic philosophy and objects of different economic systems. The course also aims to introduce the merit and demerits of different economic systems

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Analysis of capitalism by Karl Marks. Crisis of capitalism illustrated by Karl Marks. 04

1.2 Communism: Meaning, Nature and characteristics, Merits and demerits of communism.

1.3 Experience of communism in Russia and China.

2 2.1 Socialism: Meaning and types (Utopian, Febionism, Market Socialism) characteristics. Lang’s and tailor’s Model of Market socialism.Relavance of Socialistic ideas in modern world.

3 3.1 Mixed economy: Meaning, objectives, characteristics, Merits and demerits (benefit and disadvantage)

4 4.1 Nationalization Policy:Meaning, objectives. Merit and demerits, Nationalization policy experienced by United Kingdom and India. Cooperative economic system as a subordinate system. Co operative economy experienced by Israel.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Indian Economy, Dutt and Sundram.2 Indian Economy, Mishra and Puri3 Agarwal A.N. Indian Economy, Wiswas Parkas, New Delhi.4 R.B.I. Bulletin 5 Economic Survey of India.

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO401CE Semester : 4

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40

Micro Economics-2 (CE-2)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to analyze the economic behavior of individual, Firm and Market. It is mainly concerned with U.G.Studen

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

Market Structure-1 (Perfect competition & monopoly):Meaning of perfect competition, short run and long run equilibrium of the firm and industry in perfect competition, Concept of monopoly, equilibrium of firm in the monopoly, Meaning and types of price discrimination, Possibility and profitability of price discrimination, Effect of monopoly.

04

2 2.1 Market structure- 2 (Monopolistic competition):Concept of monopolistic competition, price and output determination of firm under monopolistic competition, Equilibrium of group, Selling cost and its effect on demand curve, Comparison among perfect competition, monopoly and monopolistic competition, concept of oligopoly and duopoly.

3 3.1 Distribution of National Income:Marginal productivity theory of distribution, Modern theory of rent, collective bargaining theory of wages, concept and effects of minimum wages.

4 4.1 Distribution and welfare economics:1 Theory of profit, Theory of risk, theory of uncertainly, theory of innovations.2 Definition of welfare economics, Introduction of economic and non economic welfare, concept of individual welfare and social welfare, Introduction of pigou’s welfare economics, problems in measuring welfare

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Ahuja H.L : Advance Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi.2 Agrawal H.S.: Advance Economic Theory, Konark Publishers Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi3 Dewett K.K : Modern Economic Theory, S.Chand, & Co. Ltd. New Delhi4 Jhingan. M.L. : Principal of economic, Vrinda Publication, Delhi,5 Parkin, Micha (1990) :l Micro Economics,Addiison Willey Publishing Co., New York

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41

6 VDLG VFZPS[P D]<IGF\ l;wWF\TM4 I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 VDNFJFNP

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42

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO402CE Semester : 4

Indian Economy -2 (IC-2)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the main problems and characteristic of different sectors of Indian economy.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1PlanningAchievements limitations and lessons of Indian planning. Objectives of planning, Resource allocation of planning. Achievements and limitations of liberalization policy in India.

04

2 2.1 AgricultureRole of agriculture in Indian economy. Causes of low productivity of agriculture in India. Land reforms, Role of credit in agricultural development, institutions providing credit to the agriculture sector. Regulated Agricultural Market. Introduction to green revolution in India.

3 3.1 Industrial SectorImportance of Industrial development in Indian economy. Trends of Industrial development. Importance and problems of Small scale and cottage industries in India. Measures of the development of small and cottage industry. Liberalized industrial policy in India.

4 4.1 Role of private sector, public sector and co-operative sector in the development of industrial and tertiary sector, special economic zone and special economic region.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Indian Economy, Dutt and Sundram.2 Indian Economy, Mishra and Puri3 Agarwal A.N. Indian Economy, Wiswas Parkas, New Delhi.4 R.B.I. Bulletin 5 Economic Survey of India.

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43

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO403CE Semester : 4

Economic Systems -2 (EC-2)Course type : Core Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the basic philosophy and objects of different economic systems. The course also aims to introduce the merit and demerits of different economic systems

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Analysis of capitalism by Karl Marks. Crisis of capitalism illustrated by Karl Marks. 04

1.2 Communism: Meaning, Nature and characteristics, Merits and demerits of communism.

1.3 Experience of communism in Russia and China.

2 2.1 Socialism: Meaning and types (Utopian, Febionism, Market Socialism) characteristics. Lang’s and tailor’s Model of Market socialism.Relavance of Socialistic ideas in modern world.

3 3.1 Mixed economy: Meaning, objectives, characteristics, Merits and demerits (benefit and disadvantage)

4 4.1 Nationalization Policy:Meaning, objectives. Merit and demerits, Nationalization policy experienced by United Kingdom and India. Cooperative economic system as a subordinate system. Co operative economy experienced by Israel.

Reference BooksNo Book Name1 Indian Economy, Dutt and Sundram.2 Indian Economy, Mishra and Puri3 Agarwal A.N. Indian Economy, Wiswas Parkas, New Delhi.4 R.B.I. Bulletin 5 Economic Survey of India.

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : Economics

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44

Course Code BAECO402CC Semester : 4Rural Economy of India :- 2 (RE-2)

Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of the paper is to make the students familiar with the main problems of the rural economy of India. The course also aims to introduce the main organization and major development polices for rural development.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1

Decreasing comparative (relative) share of agrarian economy in Indian economy. Share of agriculture in G.D.P. Share of agriculture in employment. Poverty eradicative programmes in rural area. Employments programmes for rural area. (MGNAREGA) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and its implications.

04

2 2.1 changing scenario of social structure in rural India. Increasein literacy rate, Migration for better opportunities (Migration from rural area to urban areas) Weakening of caste system and traditional employment structure of rural economy. Self Help Groups and economic empowerment of women. Reservation of political representatives in panchayat for women. Changes in traditions and beliefs in rural area and their effects on modernization of agriculture.

3 3.1 Importance of infrastructural development in rural economy. Roads and transportation, communication,e-governance,drinking water and sanitation, electricity, Social infrastructure, health facilities (chiranjivi yojana, Janani suraksha yojana (JSY), Janani shishu suraksha karyakram(JSSK),Literacy programme, Serve shikhsha Abhiyan, Adult and community education.

4 4.1 Modernization of agriculture, agriculture co operative organization. Rural Banks- NABARD, Agricultural Marketing-APMC and co operative marketing organization, extension services and modernization of agriculture.

No Book Name1 Chakrravarty, Nihal chndra. Surveys and Plans for rural industries, Asia Publishing house, Bombay, 2002.2 Arora, Ramesh K. and Rakesh Ahooja, Administration of Rural Development. Arihant, 2003.3 Mahajan, V.S. Agriculture, Rural development and panchayati Raj. Deep and Deep Publication, 1996

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45

4 Annual Reports on NABARD. Agriculture situation in India, Monthly published by Ministry of Agriculture.5 Rao C,H. Hanumantha (1975) Agricultural growth. Rural Poverty and Environmental Degradation in India,

Oxford University Press, New Delhi

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46

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO403CC Semester : 4

Quantitative Techniques -2 (QT-2)Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and analyze economic problem.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Central Tendency:Measures of Central Tendency, mean, medium, mode. Geometric mean and harmonic mean.

04

2 2.1 Dispersion:Measures of dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, Quartile deviation, Standard deviation, coefficient of variation

3 3.1 Time Series:Meaning of time series, utility of study of time series, Analysis of time series, Components of time series, Trend, Seasonal and random components.

4 4.1 Index Number:Meaning of Index number, Uses of Index number, construction of Index number, Laspeyres’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s Index number, Fisher’s ideal index number, Limitations of Index number.

No Book Name1 Bhardwaj R.S., Business statistics, Excel Books, New Delhi.2 Business statistics, Sudhir Prakashan, Ahmedabad.3 Allen R.G.D., Mathematical Analysis for Edonomists,Macmillan Press And ELBS,London.4 Chiang A.C., Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.5 Asthana B.n.,Elements of Statistics, S,Chand & co Ltd. New Delhi.

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO404CC Semester : 4

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47

Investigation – 2 (IV-2)Course type : Core Compulsory Total Credit :

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

Objective The main objective of this paper is to train the students to use the techniques of mathematical and statistical analysis, which are commonly applied to understand and analyze economic problem.

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1Statistics:Meaning and definition of statistics; Function, importance, limitation and distrust of statistics.

2 2.1 Correlation and Regression:Meaning of correlation and regression, Types of correlation, Methods of studying correlation-(1)Scatter diagram (2) Karl Pearson’s (3) Spearman’s rank correlation. Interpretation of correlation coefficient. Equations of lines of regression, calculation of regression coefficients

3 3.1 Time Series:Meaning of time series, Utility of study of time series, Analysis of time series, Components of time series, Trend, seasonal and random components.

4 4.1 Index Number:Meaning of index number, uses of index number, construction of Index Number. Laspeyres’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s Index number, Fisher’s ideal index number, Limitations of index number

No Book Name1 Bhardwaj R.S., Business statistics, Excel Books, New Delhi.2 Business statistics, Sudhir Prakashan, Ahmedabad.3 Allen R.G.D., Mathematical Analysis for Edonomists,Macmillan Press And ELBS,London.4 Chiang A.C., Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill, New York.5 Asthana B.n.,Elements of Statistics, S,Chand & co Ltd. New Delhi.

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48

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO401ES Semester : 4

Theory and Practice of Co-operation (TPC) Course type : Subject Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs Marks

W + %

1 1.1Co-operative set up and department set up in India. - Three tier structure primary level, District level state level, Federations – National co-operative federations. Power of registrar of co-operation.

2 2.1 Co-operation as an economics system : co-operation and capitalism, co-operation and socialism, co-operation and trade unions. Co-operation and partnership.

3 3.1 Primary co-operative credit societies – district / central co-operative Banks – problems Faced by co-operative Banks.

3.2 State and co-operative movement, conditions for success of co-operative movement.

4 4.1 Functions and working of co-operative societies : (1) Co-operative milk producer’s union, (2) Forest labour societies. (3) Fishery co-operatives, (4) Irrigation co-operatives, (5) Fertilizer co-operatives.

No Book Name1 ;CSFZ NX"G o zL HUNLXEF> D],F6L2 ;CSFZ o 0F"P ALP 0LP 5ZDFZ VG[ VgI3 ;CSFZ EFU !vZ o I]lGP U|\Y lGDF"6 AM0"4 5|SFXG4 co-operative Movement in India :- J. L. Raine5 Theory, History and Practice: - R. D. Bedi

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49

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANProgramme code : BAECO Programme Name : EconomicsCourse Code BAECO402ES Semester : 4

Co-operative Management (CPM)Course type : Subject Elective Total Credit : 04

Teaching time(hours) Examination Marking scheme

Theory (hrs)

Practical (hrs)

Internal(Marks)

External(Marks)

Total(Marks)

4 X 15 = 60 30 70 ( Paper of 3 hrs) 100

UnitNo.

TopicNo. Content Hrs. Marks

W + %Credi

t

1 1.1 Co-operative management : Nature and Function.1.2 Role of leader in co-operative Management

2 2.1 Placement and the role of board of directors in co-operative management.

2.2 Management of sugar co-operatives and consumer cooperatives

3 3.1 Management of (i) co-operative rice mills, (ii) Labour contract and construction co-operatives

3.2 Industrial Relations in co-operatives

4 4.1 Public Distribution : Role of co-operatives.4.2 The National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development. (NABARD)

No Book Name1 ;CSFZ < EFU ! VG[ Z o< I]lGP U|\Y lGDF”6 AM0”4 5|SFXG2 ;CSFZ l;wWF\T VG[ jIJCFZ o< I]lGP U|\Y lGDF”6 AM0”4 5|SFXG3 Co-operative Movement in India: - J. L. Raine4 ;CSFZL SFINM VG[ jIJ:YF5G o< I]lGP U|\Y lGDF”6 AM0”4 5|SFXG5 Theory, History and Practice: - R. D. Bedi