Volume3GeotechDesignManualFinal_April2010

8/21/2019 Volume3GeotechDesignManualFinal_April2010

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OREGON DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Technical Services Branch Geo-Environmental Section

GeotechnicalDesign Manual

0

Volume 3


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Oregon Department of Transportation

Geotechnical Design Manual

Technical Services BranchGeo-Environmental Section

Engineering and Asset Management Unit355 Capitol St NE m 3!"

Salem # $%3&!'hone 5&3($")(*+&& ,a 5&3($")(3*&%

Volume 3 ODOT eotechnical Design Manual

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Table of Contents

16. Foundation Design for Signs Signals, Luminaires, Sound Walls and Buildings............16-116.1. General....................................................................................................................16-116.2. Site e!onnaissan!e................................................................................................16-216.". Field #n$estigation....................................................................................................16-216.%. Foundation Design...................................................................................................16-216.&. Traffi! Stru!tures...................................................................................................... 16-"

16.&.1. Traffi! Stru!tures Standard Dra'ings...............................................................16-"16.&.2. Foundation Design of Traffi! Stru!tures............................................................16-"

16.6. Sound'alls............................................................................................................. 16-1"16.6.1. Sound'all Standard Dra'ings........................................................................16-1"

16.6.2. Foundation Design of Sound'alls...................................................................16-1%16.(. Foundation )onstru!tion )onsiderations................................................................16-1616.*. Buildings................................................................................................................. 16-1(

16.*.1. O$er$ie'.........................................................................................................16-1(16.*.2. Design e+uirement for Buildings...................................................................16-1(

16.. eferen!es.............................................................................................................16-21(. )ul$erts and Tren!less Te!nolog/ Design................................................................1(-1

1(.1. General....................................................................................................................1(-11*. )onstru!tion e!ommendations and eport................................................................1*-1

1*.1. General....................................................................................................................1*-11*.2. oad'a/ )onstru!tion Support................................................................................1*-21*.". Bridge )onstru!tion Support....................................................................................1*-2

1*.".1. Spread Footing )onstru!tion............................................................................1*-21*.".2. Dri$en 0ile )onstru!tion...................................................................................1*-21*.".". Drilled Saft )onstru!tion.................................................................................1*-%

1*.%. eferen!es...............................................................................................................1*-(ppendi 1*-3 0ile #nspe!tor Grap..................................................................................1*-*ppendi 1*-B3 4ammer ppro$al Letter............................................................................1*-

1. 5nstale Slope 7anagement.......................................................................................1-11.1. General....................................................................................................................1-1

2. 7aterial Sour!e #n$estigation and eport....................................................................2-12.1. General....................................................................................................................2-12.2. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site Definitions..........................................................2-22.". 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site 0ro8e!t S!oping..................................................2-"

2.%. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site 0ro8e!t e!onnaissan!e....................................2-"2.&. igt-of-Wa/ 9eeds for 7aterial and Disposal Sites................................................2-%2.6. :n$ironmental )learan!es for 7aterial Sour!es and Disposal Sites........................2-&2.(. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site #n$estigation.......................................................2-&2.*. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site Sampling and Testing.........................................2-(2.. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site :ploration Logging...........................................2-(2.1. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site 7apping.............................................................2-*2.11. Design and De$elopment of 7aterial Sour!es and Disposal Sites...........................2-


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2.11.1. 7aterial Sour!es and Disposal Sites Slope Design........................................2-2.11.2. 7aterial Sour!es and Disposal Sites Designed Safet/ :lements..................2-1

2.12. Drafting of 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site De$elopment 0lans.........................2-112.1". 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site Operational Spe!ifi!ations................................2-112.1%. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site ;uantit/ )al!ulations.......................................2-112.1&. e!lamation of 7aterial Sour!es and Disposal Sites.............................................2-12

2.16. 7aterial Sour!e Blasting.........................................................................................2-1"2.1(. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site :rosion )ontrol................................................2-1"2.1*. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site 0ermitting.........................................................2-1"2.1. 7aterial Sour!e and Disposal Site


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List of FiguresFigure 16-1. o!= #nstallation e+uirements..........................................................................16-*Figure 16-2. Soil t/pes and design !riteria for )antile$er Sign Supports >from ODOT Dra'ing

T7626.........................................................................................................................16-

Figure 16-". utledge 9omograp for :stimating 0ost :medment under Lateral Loads>S4TO, 21?....................................................................................................... 16-12Figure 16-%. Design !art for proportioning sallo' footings on dr/ sand >redrafted from 0e!=, et

al., 1(%?................................................................................................................... 16-1Figure 21-1. :ample presentation of earing resistan!e re!ommendations........................21-1&Figure 21-2. :ample presentation of pile earing resistan!e and uplift...............................21-16Figure 21-". T/pi!al saft earing resistan!e plots >all limit states?.......................................21-22Figure 21-%. :ample of earing resistan!e re!ommendations for gra$it/ 'alls...................21-2&Figure 21-&. :ample of lateral eart pressures for gra$it/ 'all design................................21-2&Figure 21-6. :ample presentation of lateral eart pressures for non-gra$it/ !antile$er and

an!ored 'all design................................................................................................21-2(

List of TablesTale 16-1. elationsip of S0T @96A $alue, internal fri!tion angle and unit 'eigt of

!oesionless soils....................................................................................................... 16-6Tale 16-2. elationsip of S0T @96A $alue and soil properties for !oesi$e soils...................16-(Tale 16-". Footing 'idt and depts for Standard Luminaire Supports...............................16-11Tale 16-%. llo'ale Foundation and Lateral 0ressure, >2" #B), Tale 1*%.2?..............16-1(Tale 16-&. 7inimum fa!tors of safet/ for SD foundation design........................................16-1*Tale 21-1. :ample presentation of soil design parameters for sliding and e!!entri!it/

!al!ulations...............................................................................................................21-1%Tale 21-2. :ample presentation of resistan!e fa!tors for footing design............................21-1%Tale 21-". :ample presentation of earing resistan!e re!ommendations.........................21-1&

Tale 21-%. :ample presentation of resistan!e fa!tors for pile design.................................21-16Tale 21-&. 0ile esistan!es :stimated Lengts >Br. 12"%&?............................................21-1(Tale 21-6. Soil 0arameters for Lateral Load nal/sis >non-li+uefied soil !ondition?.............21-1*Tale 21-(. :ample of a !ompleted tale............................................................................21-2Tale 21-*. :ample presentation of soil design parameters for design of non-gra$it/ !antile$er

'alls and an!ored 'alls..........................................................................................21-26


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16 Foundation Design for Signs Signals,

Luminaires, Sound Walls andBuildings

16 1 GeneralTis !apter !o$ers te geote!ni!al design of traffi! stru!tures, sound'alls, and small uildings.Traffi! stru!tures in!lude sign ridges, !antile$ered signs, signal supports, strain poles, illuminationand !amera poles. Sound 'alls >also referred to as Sound Barriers, 9oise Walls, and 9oise Barriers?are 'alls tat are used to mitigate traffi! noise effe!ts. Small uildings t/pi!all/ in!lude single stor/stru!tures su! as tose re+uired for ODOT maintenan!e fa!ilities, par= and ride lots or rest areas.

AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and TrafficSignals andAASHTO Guide Specifications for Structural Design of Sound Barriersot !urrentl/refer toAASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges>'i! uses llo'ale Stress Design,and in some !ases Load Fa!tor Design?. Te design approa! used for te foundation design muste !onsistent 'it te design approa! used for te stru!ture.

Standard dra'ings a$e een de$eloped for most of te traffi! stru!tures and sound'alls and man/>ut not all? of tese dra'ings in!lude standard foundation designs as 'ell. :iter sallo' spreadfootings or sort drilled safts are te t/pi!al foundation t/pes used to support tese stru!tures. :a!foundation design so'n on a standard dra'ing is ased on a !ertain set of foundation materialproperties, ground'ater !onditions and oter fa!tors 'i! must e met in order to use tefoundation design so'n on te standard dra'ing. Tese foundation material properties,ground'ater and oter !onditions are des!ried on te standard dra'ings.

For standard foundation designs 'it assumed geote!ni!al !onditions, te geote!ni!al designer'ill determine 'eter a!tual site !onditions are !onsistent 'it te assumed !onditions. Based uponte re!ommendations of te geote!ni!al designer, te stru!tural designer 'ill eiter spe!if/ te useof a standard foundation or 'ill design a spe!ial >non-standard? foundation.


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Chapter

16


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16 2 Site ReconnaissanceGeneral pro!edures for site re!onnaissan!e are presented in Chapter 2. 0rior to te sitere!onnaissan!e, te lo!ation of te stru!tures sould e sta=ed in te field, or an a!!urate and up-to-date set of site plans identif/ing te lo!ation of tese stru!tures sould e a$ailale. n offi!e re$ie'of all eisting data pertinent to te site and te proposed foundations sould also e !ondu!ted prior

to te site re!onnaissan!e. Te geote!ni!al designer sould a$e a!!ess to detailed plan $ie'sso'ing eisting site features, utilities, proposed !onstru!tion and rigt-of-'a/ limits.

Wit tis information, te geote!ni!al designer !an re$ie' stru!ture lo!ations, ma=ing sure tatsur$e/ information agrees reasonal/ 'ell 'it oser$ed topograp/.

During te site re!onnaissan!e !onsider te follo'ing3

:isting slopes >natural and !ut? in te immediate $i!init/ of te stru!tures sould e

inspe!ted and teir performan!e e$aluated.

Oser$ation of eisting slopes sould in!lude t/pes of $egetation tat ma/ indi!ate 'et or

unstale soil. :+uisetum >orsetail?, !attails, la!=err/ and alder ma/ e indi!ati$e of 'et orpossil/ unstale soils.

#t is espe!iall/ important to estalis te presen!e of ig ground 'ater and an/ areas of soft

soil, unstale ground or eposed edro!=.

0otential geote!ni!al aCards su! as landslides tat !ould affe!t te stru!tures sould e

identified.

Te identifi!ation and etent!ondition >i.e., ti!=ness? of eisting man-made fills sould e

noted.

Surfa!e and susurfa!e !onditions tat !ould affe!t !onstru!tailit/ of te foundations, su!

as te presen!e of utilities, sallo' edro!=, or !oles and oulders, sould e identified.

7an/ of tese stru!tures a$e $er/ sallo' foundations and te in$estigation ma/ onl/ !onsist of

general site re!onnaissan!e 'it minimal susurfa!e in$estigation.

16 3

Field Investigationll ne' sound'alls, traffi! stru!tures or uildings re+uire some le$el of susurfa!e in$estigation.)onsiderale 8udgment is needed to determine 'i! stru!tures 'ill need site-spe!ifi! fieldin$estigations su! as orings or test pits. #f te a$ailale geote!ni!al data and information gateredfrom te site re!onnaissan!e andor offi!e re$ie' is not ade+uate to ma=e an a!!urate determinationof susurfa!e !onditions, ten site spe!ifi! susurfa!e data sould e otained troug a moreetensi$e susurfa!e in$estigation. efer to Chapter 3 for details regarding te in$estigationre+uirements for tese t/pes of stru!tures.

16 4 Foundation DesignStandard foundation designs for tese stru!tures t/pi!all/ !onsist of spread footings >!ontinuous orindi$idual? or sort drilled safts. Tese standard dra'ings are t/pi!all/ used at sites 'ere te soil!onditions are relati$el/ uniform 'it dept. Lateral loads su! as 'ind and seismi! usuall/ go$ernte foundation designs for tese stru!tures. Te foundation designs pro$ided on te StandardDra'ings a$e een de$eloped o$er man/ /ears, using a $ariet/ of foundation design metods.


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Terefore, te foundation design metod used for ea! of te standard dra'ings is dis!ussedseparatel/ in te follo'ing se!tions. Te standard dra'ings !an e otained from te follo'ingODOT 'e site3

http:ego!"oregon"go!#D#T$W%&'(S&)*+C&Sstandarddra-ingshome"shtml

16 5 Trafc Structures

./""." Traffi1 Stru1tures Standard Dra-ingsefer to te ODOT oad'a/ :ngineering Ser$i!es 'e site for a list of all te standard dra'ings fortraffi! stru!tures. Te traffi! standard dra'ings tat a$e standard foundation designs aresummariCed as follo's3


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Standard Foundation Designs

5se tese dra'ings for sites 'it soils !onsistent 'it tose des!ried on te standard dra'ings.)onsider te soil trougout te entire dept of te proposed foundation. Were te foundation soil is

stratified, a 'eigted a$erage S0T 9 $alue, > N ?, sould e used to design te foundation. ne!eption to tis 'ould e 'ere soft or organi! soils are en!ountered at te ground surfa!e >or at

dept?, in 'i! !ase te use of a 'eigted a$erage is not appropriate and non-standard designsma/ e needed.

N !an e !al!ulated ased on te follo'ing e+uation3

=n

i i

i

n

i

i

N

d

d

N

1

1

iN

H standard penetration resistan!e as measured dire!tl/ in te field, un!orre!ted

lo' !ount, of it

soil la/er >not to e!eed 1 lo's per foot?

id H ti!=ness of it soil la/er >ft.?

nH total numer of distin!ti$e soil la/ers 'itin te dept of te saft or 'itin 2Belo' te ottom of footings >B H footing 'idt?

i H an/ one of te la/ers et'een 1 and n

#n general, sign, signal, and luminaire stru!ture dead loads are relati$el/ small, ut 'ind loads on testru!ture !an still lead to ig $erti!al and lateral soil earing pressures. Were soil earingpressures !ould lead to una!!eptale defle!tion or settlement of te stru!ture or foundation,!onsideration sould e gi$en to a spe!ial foundation design.

'onStandard Foundation DesignsSpe!ial foundation designs are re+uired for sites 'ere te site !onditions do not meet tere+uirements of te standard dra'ings. Tese in!lude sites 'it poor soils and an/ of te follo'ing3

soil, ro!= or ground'ater !onditions are present tat are not suitale for using te standard

foundations,

multiple soil la/ers 'itin te foundation dept >or dept of influen!e? 'it etreme

!ontrasting strengt and soil !ara!teristi!s >su! tat te 'eigted a$erage S0T approa! isnot appli!ale?,

slopes are too steep or oter site !onditions are marginall/ stale,

non-standard loads are applied.#f te foundation soil !onsists of $er/ soft !la/s, silts, organi! silts, or peat it ma/ e possile to o$er-e!a$ate te $er/ soft !ompressile soils and repla!e 'it iger +ualit/ material if te soft la/er isfairl/ sallo'. #f not, deeper andor larger diameter foundations are t/pi!all/ re+uired.

For foundations on ro!=, a spe!ial design is t/pi!all/ re+uired. Fra!turing and 8ointing in te ro!=, andits effe!t on te foundation resistan!e, must e e$aluated !arefull/ on a !ase-/-!ase asis.


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For safts in ro!=, lateral resistan!e sould e estimated ased on te pro!edures pro$ided inChapter .Tis means tat for spe!ial lateral load designs of saft foundations, te geote!ni!aldesigner 'ill need to de$elop soil input data for de$eloping 0-/ !ur$es for modeling te edro!=!ondition.

For drilled saft t/pe foundations in soil, te BromsA 7etod as spe!ified in teAASHTO Standard

Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals >S4TO,21? or te pro!edures spe!ified in Chapter for lateral load anal/sis of deep foundations >e.g., 0-/or strain-'edge t/pe anal/sis? sould t/pi!all/ e used for tese spe!ial !ases unless oter'isenoted in tis !apter.

For spread footing design, te design metods referen!ed in Chapter to estimate nominal earingresistan!e and settlement sould e used. 4o'e$er, instead of te referen!ed load groups andresistan!e fa!tors for S4TO LFD design, te AASHTO Standard Specifications for HighwayBridges>22? !omined 'it a minimum earing !apa!it/ safet/ fa!tor of 2." for Load Fa!torDesign >LFD?, or ". for allo'ale stress or ser$i!e load design >SD? sould e used for stati!!onditions. safet/ fa!tor of 1.1 sould e used for seismi! !onditions, if seismi! !onditions areappli!ale.

'ote:

ote that in general, foundations for traffic structures are not designed for seismic loads nor mitigatedfor li!uefaction"

Sloping (round Conditions

Te footing dimensions and saft depts pro$ided on te standard dra'ings t/pi!all/ assumerelati$el/ flat ground surfa!e !onditions or a !ertain seta!= distan!e a!= from a slope rea=. 7ostof te standard dra'ings for traffi! stru!tures re+uire a minimum of " feet of !o$er o$er te top of tefooting. efer to te indi$idual dra'ings for guidan!e on tese restri!tions.

l'a/s e$aluate 'eter or not te lo!al geometr/ 'ill affe!t te foundation design.

#f sloping ground is present, or does not oter'ise meet te re+uirements of te dra'ing, somespe!ial !onsiderations in determining te foundation dept are needed. For spread footings!onstru!ted on slopes refer toArticle #"#"$"% of AASHTO>22?. )onsult 'it te traffi! stru!turedesigner to determine te design re+uirements for tese non-standard !ases. Wen a non-standardfoundation design is re+uired, te geote!ni!al designer must identif/ te soil units, soil la/erele$ations and ground'ater data and pro$ide soil design properties for ea! soil unit for use inpreparing te non-standard foundation design.

. /" " 2" . 4 as t 5r m Si gn al a nd S tr ai n 6o le s

Te standard dra'ings for 7ast rm Signal 0oles are T76& troug T76&". Te Strain 0olestandard dra'ings are T766 and T7661. Tese stru!tures generall/ !onsist of a single $erti!almetal pole memer >mast arm pole or strain pole? of $arious eigts. Te !antile$er signal poles

support a oriContal signal >or mast? arm. Ligts, signals andor !ameras 'ill e suspended orsupported from te mast arm. For strain poles, !ales etend oriContall/ from te poles a!ross teroad'a/ and signals andor ligts are atta!ed to te !ales. Bot t/pes of poles ma/ a$eluminaires atta!ed to te top.

Foundation support for ot te standard mast arm signal poles and strain poles are t/pi!all/ drilledsafts ranging in diameter from "6 to %2 in!es. T/pi!al saft depts range from aout 6A- 6 to 1*A-


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6 depending on te signal pole re+uired >loading !ondition?, te properties of te foundationmaterials and ground'ater !onditions.

Te foundation !onditions at te signal pole site sould e in$estigated and !ara!teriCed in terms ofsoil t/pe, soil unit 'eigt, and soil fri!tion angle or undrained sear strengt. Te unit 'eigt andinternal fri!tion angle >or undrained sear strengt? ma/ e determined / standard susurfa!e

in$estigation te!ni+ues su! as using te Standard 0enetration Test >S0T? or oter appro$edmetods.

#n addition to te soil !onditions, te ground'ater !onditions also affe!t soil strengt and te dept ofsaft emedment. Te ground'ater dept at te site needs to e determined and pro$ided in teGeote!ni!al eport. Ground'ater monitoring using pieCometers ma/ e needed as appropriate todete!t and re!ord seasonall/ flu!tuations in ground'ater le$els. efer to AASHTO >1**? forguidan!e in ground'ater monitoring. Te igest ground'ater dept epe!ted at an/ time during telife of te stru!ture sould e reported in te Geote!ni!al eport and used in te anal/sis.

pproimate relationsips et'een S0T @9A $alues, unit 'eigts, soil fri!tion angles and undrainedsear strengt are pro$ided in Tale 16 -1and Tale 16 -2. ll field S0T @9A $alues sould ead8usted to a ammer energ/ of 6I >96?. Onl/ te @9A $alues used in Tale 16-1 are !orre!ted>normaliCed? for o$erurden pressure >9A6?. For te ma8orit/ of signal and strain pole pro8e!ts teseapproimations, !omined 'it engineering 8udgment, 'ill suffi!e for !lassif/ing te foundation soilsand determining te appropriate properties for foundation design. #n soft !oesi$e materials, @9A$alues are not reliale for determining engineering properties for design and field or laorator/ testingis re!ommended.

For granular soils, Tale 16.1 ma/ e used to estimate soil properties for design. Tis tale is asedon data for relati$el/ !lean sands. Terefore, sele!ted $alues of JK ased on S0T @9A $alues soulde redu!ed / & for !la/e/ sands and te $alue from te tale sould e in!reased / & for gra$ell/sands.

Table 16-1. Relationship o ST !"6#$ value% internal riction angle and unit&eight o cohesionless soils

'ote:The information in the ta&le was modified after Meyerhof '%()*+, ODOT Soil -oc. /lassificationManual '%(0$+ and 1H2A Soil 1oundation 2or.shop Manual '%((3+"

Des1riptionS6T '7/08!alue9blo-sft"

5ppro;imate5ngle of +nternalFri1tion 9


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in! rear dri$en / & l. ammer.

Q 9A6is !orre!ted for o$erurden pressure and energ/

QQ 5se te iger pi angles for granular material 'it &I or less fine sand and silt.

For !oesi$e soils, te approimate undrained sear strengt and soil unit 'eigt ma/ e estimated

fromTale 16 -2, ased on S0T 9 $alues or $isual oser$ations. Field tests su! as te $anesear or po!=et penetrometer sould also e !onsidered to aid in estimating te strengt of !oesi$esoils. 9ote tat S0T 9 $alues are t/pi!all/ unreliale for estimating soil sear strengt, espe!iall/ insoft soil !onditions. Te strengt $alues otained from Tale 16-2 sould onl/ e used forapproimate estimations for soil strengt and additional field or laorator/ testing, or oter $erifi!ationof soil strengt, is re+uired for final design.

Table ./2" )elationship of S6T >'/07 !alue and soil properties for 1ohesi!e soils

'ote:

Modified from ODOT '%(0$+, 1H2A '%((3+ and AASHTO '%(00+"

Consisten1?

S6T

'/0 !alue9blo-sft"

5ppro;imate=ndrained ShearStrength 9psf

4oist =nitWeight

9p1f

Field 5ppro;imation


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Te BromsA metod is ased on uniform soil and le$el ground !onditions and sould suffi!e forfoundation design in te ma8orit/ of !ases. 4o'e$er, te geote!ni!al engineer sould re$ie' tesoils data and de!ide 'eter or not te foundation !onditions are suitale for use 'it te BromsAmetod of anal/sis.

#f te BromsA metod does not appl/, ten te pro!edures spe!ified in Chapter for lateral load

anal/sis of deep foundations >e.g., 0-/ or strain-'edge t/pe anal/sis? sould e used for tesespe!ial !ases. For tese spe!ial !ases, te saft design is ased on a soil-stru!ture anal/sis usingeiter te L0ile or DFS0 soil-stru!ture intera!tion programs. maimum lateral defle!tion of .& isallo'ed at te top of te saft >ground line? under ser$i!e loads. 0ro$ide re!ommendations asne!essar/ for te follo'ing spe!ial design !ases3

Soft soils:#f te soils at te site are $er/ soft >s uN 6 psf or R N 2&? ten a spe!ial design

is re+uired. #f possile, !onsideration sould e gi$en to relo!ating te pole to a morefa$orale soil site 'ere standard design metods !ould e used. #f te soft soils at te siteare relati$el/ sallo', ten su-e!a$ation and repla!ement 'it ig +ualit/, !ompa!tedgranular soil sould e !onsidered. Oter'ise, te geote!ni!al engineer sould pro$ide tesoil properties ne!essar/ to de$elop a spe!ial foundation design.

Solid bedro1@:#f solid edro!= is epe!ted to e en!ountered 'itin te dept of te saftfoundation, ten te ro!= sould e !ara!teriCed in terms of its un!onfined !ompressi$estrengt >+u? and o$erall ro!= mass +ualit/. #n general, if te edro!= !an e !lassified 'it aardness of at least 1 >1 psi? and is unfra!tured 'it tigt 8oints ten a minimum saftemedment dept of & feet !an e used, as so'n in Figure 16.1, for all mast arm pole t/pesspe!ified on T76& troug T76&", T766 and T7661.

Often edro!= is not en!ountered rigt at te ground surfa!e ut at some sallo' deptelo' te surfa!e. #f te ro!= +ualit/ re+uirements are satisfied ten te saft mustpenetrate at least & feet into te ro!=, unless te re+uired footing dept ased on teproperties of te soil ao$e te ro!=, is rea!ed first.


* April 2010
ftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Geotech/GeoManual/FinalGDM11-19-08/ftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Geotech/GeoManual/FinalGDM11-19-08/


15/98

Figure ./." )o1@ +nstallation )eAuirements

#f te ro!= is 'ea=er tan 1, moderatel/ 'eatered or !ontains open fra!tures, ten te propertiesof te ro!= mass sould e more torougl/ in$estigated and a spe!ial foundation design sould eperformed ased on te pro!edures spe!ified in Chapter . For allo'ale stress design of drilledsafts in ro!= use a minimum fa!tor of safet/ of 2.& >for ot side sear and end earing? indetermining allo'ale aial !apa!it/. 5se te soil-stru!ture intera!tion >p-/? metods des!ried in

AASHTO 455#for lateral load anal/sis of drilled safts in ro!=.

./""2"2 4onot ube Canti le!e r S ign Support s

)antile$er signs !onsist of large metal posts up to "1 feet in eigt supporting a !antile$ered metalarm 'i! !arries $arious t/pes and siCes of signs and luminaires. Standard Dra'ings T7622 MT762( !o$er te entire standard for tis t/pe of traffi! stru!ture. Tere are !urrentl/ 1 differentstru!ture designs ased on arm lengt, post lengt, sign area and oter fa!tors.

Te standard foundation used for supporting !antile$er signs is a re!tangular spread footing, asso'n on Dra'ing T7626. Te dimensions of te spread footings range from (A- 6 / 1&A- up to1&A- / "A- . ll footings are 2A- " ti!= 'it a minimum "A- of !o$er o$er te top of te footing.Footing dimensions are ased on te Stru!ture Design 9umer >1 M 1? and 'eter te footing is!onstru!ted on non-uo/ant >T/pe ? or uo/ant >T/pe B? soil !onditions. Dra'ing T7626 !ontainssoil des!riptions for tese t'o soil t/pes and oter geote!ni!al design !riteria as so'n in Figure16.2.

Figure ./2" Soil t?pes and design 1riteria for Cantile!er Sign Supports 9from #D#TDra-ing T4/2/


April 2010

Te Standard 7onotue )antile$er Sign Support Spread Footing dra'ing !ontains t'ostandardiCed designs, ased on T/pe or T/pe B assumed soil !onditions. Te assumed soil 'ill e$erified / te :ngineer of e!ord efore referen!ing D'g. T7626 on te 0ro8e!t 0lans. !ompa!ted soil densit/ ofsoil o$er footing H 12 lft", !on!rete densit/ H 1& lft" ?. T/pe designs assume allo'ale e+ui$alentuniform earing pressures of 1 psf for Group # Loads, and 1""" psf for Group ## and Group ### Loads.

T/pe B designs assume uo/ant !onditions for stailit/ !al!ulations >!ompa!ted soil densit/ of soilo$er footing H %* lft", !on!rete densit/ H ** lft" ?. T/pe B designs assume allo'ale e+ui$alent uniformearing pressures of 1 psf for Group # Loads, and 1""" psf for Group ## and Group ### Loads.

Bot T/pe and T/pe B designs assume tat permanent rotation of te footing 'ill not e!eed .1degree, and uniform settlement of te footing 'ill not e!eed 2 in!es.

eferen!e31. Standard Specification for Highway Bridges. 16t:d.. S4TO. 16. Se!tion %.%.(.1.1.2. 7e/eroff, G.G >1&"?, The Bearing /apacity of 1oundations 6nder 7ccentric and 8nclined Loads,

9roceedin of Third 8/SM17 :ol" %, . %%-%%&.


16/98

Bot T/pe and T/pe B soil !onditions re+uire an allo'ale e+ui$alent uniform earing pressure>!apa!it/? of 1 psf, for Group 1 loads, te footing dimensions so'n on te dra'ing and te "A - minimum !o$er re+uirement. Tis is a relati$el/ lo' earing !apa!it/ 'i! !an usuall/ e pro$ided/ te foundation soils e!ept under $er/ poor soil !onditions. Te differen!e et'een T/pe andT/pe B soils is T/pe B soils assume te ground'ater tale !an rise up ao$e te top of te footing

and full/ saturate te minimum " foot soil !o$er dept o$erl/ing te footing. #f so, tis redu!es teeffe!ti$e unit 'eigt of te o$erl/ing soils and te uplift resistan!e of te footing. Te footingdimensions ten a$e to e in!reased to !ompensate for tis effe!t.

Te geote!ni!al engineer is re+uired to !e!= tat te follo'ing !onditions are met for ea!proposed !antile$er sign support footing3

Te foundation soils 'ill pro$ide an allo'ale e+ui$alent uniform earing !apa!it/ of at least

1 psf >1. =sf? for te proposed sign support design.

Footing settlement under te 1. =sf uniform load 'ill not e!eed 2 in!es of total settlement.

Te unit 'eigt of te soil o$erl/ing te footing 'ill e at least 12 p!f >T/pe ? or %* p!f

>T/pe B?

#t !an generall/ e assumed tat if te allo'ale earing !apa!it/ is at least 1 psf ten tefoundation soils !an also pro$ide at least 1""" psf allo'ale earing !apa!it/ under Group ## ###>transient? loadings.

Te soil designation >as eiter T/pe or B?, sould e pro$ided in te Geote!ni!al eport for ea!monotue !antile$er sign support stru!ture and so'n on te plans at ea! sign lo!ation for iddingpurposes.

. /" " 2" 3 S ig n a nd *4 S Tru ss Br id ge s

Standard sign and


17/98

are eiter " or "6 in diameter or 'idt and range from 6 feet to 11.& feet in dept. Dra'ing T76"pro$ides a tale for footing 'idt and dept as a fun!tion of Base to Luminaire eigt >BL? andLuminaire rm lengt >L?. Tis tale is reprodu!ed as Tale 16 -".

Table ./3" Footing -idth and depths for Standard Luminaire Supports

9from Dra-ing T4/30

F#:D BS: )4T >Single Luminaire rm?

0ole rmDimensions

% n!or rods re+Ad per pole, ea! 'it " nuts,2 'asers 1 an!or plate

Footing'idt

Footing Dept

BL Ln!or rod

DiameterB Lengt

TreadTop

0ro8. :ma.

n!or platesiCe

LN2Aound Ftg.

L2AS+uare Ftg.

N"A or less %A or less 1P "( 16P "A-6 6 & % s+. U 2A-6 6A- 6A-

"A Tru %A 1V "( 1* 6P & %P s+. V 2A-6 6A- (A-

%A Tru &A 2 "( 1P ( &P &X s+. Y "A- 6A-6 *A-

&A Tru 6A 2A or less 2 "( 1P ( &P &X s+. Y *A- ZZZZZZZ

&A Tru 6A 2A tru %A 2 "( 21 (P &V &V s+. 1 ZZZZZZZ A-6

6A Tru (A 2A or less 2 "( 21 (P &V &V s+. 1 A-6 ZZZZZZZ

6A Tru (A 2A tru %A 2P "( 22P * 6 6[ s+. 1 ZZZZZZZ 11A-6

Q&A or less 2A or less 1 >%%? Q1& Q &P & % s+. 1 Qstru!ture mount

Dra'ing T76" also indi!ates tat footings ma/ e round onl/ if te luminaire arm L is \ 2 feet.Tis means tat some of te footings ma/ e !onstru!ted as drilled safts >round footings? and somea$e to e !onstru!ted / e!a$ating, pla!ing reinfor!ement and !on!rete >'it or 'itout forms?,a!=filling, and !ompa!ting te area >s+uare footings?.

Te standard footing design so'n on Dra'ing T76" is ased on a soil parameter S 1H 1& psf. S1is termed te allo'ale soil pressure in Se!tion 1".1 of teAASHTO Standard Specifications forStructural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals. #t is e+uated to te allo'alea$erage soil stress term >also, S1? so'n in te nomograp in Figure 16 -", 'i! 'as originall/de$eloped / 0rofessor 0. ). utledge.


11 April 2010


18/98

Figure ./3" )utledge 'omograph for &stimating 6ost &mbedment under Lateral Loads955S$T#, 200.

Te allo'ale a$erage soil stress >S1? is related to a series of field pullout tests using a 1P diameterauger, installed to $arious depts in different soil t/pes >0atterson, 162 and #$e/ 166?. Te auger

pullout for!e 'as related to te allo'ale a$erage soil stress >S 1? and fi$e general soil !lassifi!ations,'i! range from $er/ soft to $er/ ard. Te re+uired S1$alue of 1& psf >1.& =sf? for testandard dra'ing !orrelates to an a$erage S0T @96A $alue of aout 1 for eiter non!oesi$e>granular? soil or !oesi$e soils. Tis @9A $alue is not !orre!ted for o$erurden pressure. #f soils arepresent tat do not meet te minimum strengt re+uirements, spe!ial designs 'ill e re+uired

#f edro!= is epe!ted to e en!ountered at sallo' depts ten a spe!ial design sould e!onsidered. #f te edro!= is relati$el/ ard, diffi!ult to e!a$ate or drill troug, and 'ould greatl/impa!t te time re+uired to !onstru!t te foundation e!a$ation ten de$elop a spe!ial foundationdesign, ta=ing into a!!ount te iger foundation material strengts.

efer to Chapter for furter design guidan!e for tese !ases. #f te edro!= is relati$el/ soft and!an e e!a$ated or drilled troug 'it !on$entional e+uipment, su! as to not signifi!antl/ impa!tfoundation !onstru!tion time, ten te standard dra'ing ma/ still e appropriate.

. /" " 2" $ ig h 4 as t L um in ai re Su pp or t

4ig 7ast Luminaire Supports are not regularl/ used on ODOT pro8e!ts. #f te/ are re+uired, tefoundations for tese stru!tures are t/pi!all/ drilled safts ranging from %A- to &A- in diameter andranging from aout 6A- " to 2A- % in dept. #f re+uired, ten te foundation design sould ede$eloped ased on site spe!ifi! soils in$estigation and a full soil-stru!ture intera!tion anal/sis as


12 April 2010


19/98

des!ried in Chapter .Te traffi! stru!tures designer sould e !onsulted for design loads andoter spe!ial design re+uirements for tese stru!tures.

./""2"/ Camera 6oles

)amera poles !onsist of metal poles tat are t/pi!all/ &A ig 'it a sort arm tat supports a

!amera at te top. Foundation supports for !amera poles are similar to luminaire supports and tegeneral design guidelines from Se1tion ./""2"sould e follo'ed.

16 6 Sound&alls

./"/"." Sound-all Standard Dra-ingsODOT !urrentl/ as tree standard designs for sound'alls >see #D#T Standard Dra-ings?3

Standard einfor!ed )on!rete 7asonr/ Sound'allE Dra'ing 9o. B("

o Foundation T/pe3 )ontinuous Spread Footing

Standard 0re!ast )on!rete 0anel Sound'allE Dra'ing 9o. B(%

o Foundation T/pe3 2A to "A diameter drilled safts

Standard 7asonr/ Sound'all on 0ile FootingE Dra'ings 9o. B(& B(&1

o Foundation T/pe3 2A to "A diameter drilled safts

Te siCe of te spread footings and lengts of te drilled safts $ar/ as a fun!tion of 'all eigt, 'indspeed and soil t/pe. Footing 'idts for te !ontinuous spread footing design range from 2A-" to &A-6and saft lengts range from %A- up to *A-(.

Te footings for Dra'ings B (% and B (& >drilled safts? are designed / Load fa!tor design.Te footing >saft? emedment lengts for tese 'alls 'ere design / S4TO and te utledge

:+uation using S1 H L", 'ere S1 is te llo'ale 5ltimate Lateral Soil )apa!it/. e+uals te5ltimate Lateral Soil !apa!it/ otained / te log-spiral metod in!reased / a 1.& isolation fa!torand in!ludes a . soil strengt redu!tion fa!tor.

ll of te standard dra'ings for sound'alls are ased on te same set of foundation soil des!riptionsand designations. Tese are des!ried as follo's3

(##D S#+L:)ompa!t, 'ell graded sand or sand and gra$el. Design H "&, densit/ 12

p!f, 'ell drained and not lo!ated 'ere 'ater 'ill stand.

5*&)5(& S#+L:)ompa!t fine sand, 'ell drained sand/ loam, loose !oarse sand and

gra$el, ard or medium !la/. Design H 2&, densit/ H 1 p!f. Soil sould drain suffi!ientl/

so tat 'ater 'ill not stand on te surfa!e.

6##) S#+L: >Soil in$estigation re+uired? Soft !la/, loams, poorl/ !ompa!ted sands.

)ontains large amounts of silt or organi! material. 5suall/ found in lo' l/ing areas tat aresu8e!t to standing 'ater.

Te foundation soils at ea! sound'all site sould e in$estigated and te soils !lassified into one ofte ao$e tree designations. Tale 16 -1and Tale 16 -2ma/ e used to estimate soil propertiesfor use in !lassif/ing te foundation soils. For spread footings te soil !lassifi!ation sould ta=e into


1" April 2010
ftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Geotech/GeoManual/FinalGDM11-19-08/ftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Geotech/GeoManual/FinalGDM11-19-08/http://egov.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/ENGSERVICES/standard_drawings_home.shtmlftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Geotech/GeoManual/FinalGDM11-19-08/http://egov.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/ENGSERVICES/standard_drawings_home.shtml


20/98

a!!ount te soil 'itin a dept of 2. times te footing 'idt elo' te ottom of te footing. Fordrilled safts, te soils 'itin te estimated dept of te saft sould e !lassified. #f more tan onesoil t/pe is present along te lengt of a sound'all, tese areas sould e !learl/ delineated eiter/ stationing and offset or on a plan map. Te soil !ategor/ for ea! sound'all sould edo!umented in te Geote!ni!al eport and so'n on te !ontra!t plans.

./"/"2" Foundation Design of Sound-alls non-standard, or spe!ial, foundation design 'ill e re+uired if te site, soil, or loading !onditions arenot !onsistent 'it te !onditions assumed for te standard foundation designs. Tis in!ludes soils!lassified as 0oor, ard edro!= !onditions and ig ground'ater !onditions. Te standarddra'ings 'ere de$eloped assuming dr/ >unsaturated? soil !onditions >dr/ total unit 'eigts?.Terefore, if ground 'ater is anti!ipated to e ao$e te ottom of te design saft tip ele$ation, or'itin 2B of te ottom of te footing, a spe!ial design is re+uired.

#f non-standard foundation designs are re+uired, te geote!ni!al designer sould pro$ide tefollo'ing information to te sound 'all designer3

Des!ription of te soil units using te ODOT Soil o!= )lassifi!ation S/stem.

Ground ele$ation and ele$ations of soilro!= unit oundaries.

Dept to te 'ater tale along te lengt of te 'all.

Soil design parameters. Soil unit strengt parameters in!lude effe!ti$e unit 'eigt, !oesion,

J, ]a, ]p.

Te allo'ale earing !apa!it/ for spread footings and estimated 'all settlement.

O$erall 'all stailit/ fa!tor of safet/.

n/ foundation !onstru!tailit/ issues resulting from te soilro!= !onditions.

Te sound'all designer 'ill use tis information to de$elop a spe!ial foundation design for te

sound'all.

Seismi1 Design

Sound 'alls are also designed for seismi! loading !onditions as des!ried in te AASHTO GuideSpecifications for Structural Design of Sound Barriers. Te a!!eleration !oeffi!ient re+uired fordesign sould e otained from te 4554 6SGS Seismic Ha;ard Mapsfor te &-/ear return e$entand pro$ided in te Geote!ni!al eport. 9o li+uefa!tion anal/sis or mitigation of ground instailit/ isre+uired for sound 'alls.

Sloping (round Conditions

Te standard foundation designs used for te Standard 0lan sound'alls are ased on le$el ground

!onditions. Le$el ground !onditions are defined as follo's3

(ood Soils:1431< ma.

5!erage Soils:1%431< ma.

Sound'alls are often !onstru!ted on sloping ground or near te edge of a steep rea= in slope.Wen te ground slope e!eeds te ao$e limits, te foundation design must e modified to a!!ountfor slope effe!ts. For te !ontinuous spread footing design >B("?, a spe!ial design is ne!essar/


1% April 2010


21/98

sin!e tere is no standardiCed metod of modif/ing te standard footing 'idts or depts so'n onte standard dra'ing. For te standard drilled saft foundations >B(% and B(&1?, metods areso'n on te dra'ings for ad8usting te lengt of te safts to a!!ount for slope effe!ts. Temaimum slope angle tat safts ma/ e !onstru!ted on, using te standard dra'ings, are3

(ood Soils:1P4 3 1< ma.

5!erage Soils:24 3 1< ma.

For drilled safts, te minimum oriContal seta!= distan!e is "A- from te panel fa!e to te sloperea=. efer toAASHTO '4554+for te minimum seta!= distan!e for spread footings 'i! ta=esslope effe!ts into a!!ount in determining te footing earing !apa!it/. Te 6 of !o$er o$er te top ofte saft is ignored in te !omputation of lateral eart passi$e pressure.

Ba1@fill )etention

ll Standard Dra'ing sound'all stru!tures a$e een designed to retain a minimal amount of soiltat must e no more tan 2 feet in eigt 'it a le$el a!= slope. Te retained soil ao$e tesound'all foundation is assumed to a$e a fri!tion angle of "% and a 'all interfa!e fri!tion of .6(J,resulting in a ]a of .26 for te retained soil, and a unit 'eigt of 12& p!f. ll standard and non-

standard sound'all foundation designs sall in!lude te effe!ts of an/ differential fill eigt et'eente front and a!= of te 'all.

./"/"2". Spread Footing s

)ontinuous spread footings are re+uired for te Standard einfor!ed )on!rete 7asonr/ Sound'all>Dra'ing 9o. B("?. Te footing dimensions so'n on tis dra'ing are all ased on te $eragesoil !onditions e$en toug a des!ription of Good soil is pro$ided. Sound'all footings sall elo!ated relati$e to te final grade to a$e a minimum soil !o$er o$er te top of te footing of 1 foot.

For sites tat re+uire spe!ifi! foundation design, su! as sloping ground, ig ground'ater, poorsoils or ard ro!= te design metods des!ried in teAASHTO Guide Specifications for StructuralDesign of Sound Barriers >1*? and te AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges>22? sould e used for footing design. For stati! !onditions, use a minimum earing !apa!it/safet/ fa!tor of 2." for Load Fa!tor Design >LFD? and ". for llo'ale Stress or Ser$i!e LoadDesign >SD?. safet/ fa!tor of 1.1 sould e used for seismi! !onditions, if seismi! !onditions areeing !onsidered.

Te sound'all footing sall e designed to e stale for o$erturning and sliding. Te metodolog/and safet/ fa!tors pro$ided in te AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges >22?appli!ale to gra$it/ 'alls in general for o$erturning and sliding >FS of 2. and 1.&, respe!ti$el/ forstati! !onditions, and 1.& and 1.1 for seismi! !onditions?, sall e used to assess sound'all stailit/for tese t'o limit states, using ser$i!e loads.

Settlement of sound'alls is usuall/ not !onsidered in design sin!e te $erti!al loads asso!iated 'ittese stru!tures are generall/ $er/ lo' and settlement of pre$iousl/ !onstru!ted 'alls as ne$er

een as issue. 4o'e$er, if spread footings are used for foundation support and te foundation soils!onsist of $er/ soft !ompressile material, settlement !al!ulations ma/ e ne!essar/ to !onfirm tere+uired noise arrier eigt is maintained for te design life of te 'all. Te geote!ni!al designer'ill e responsile for estimating foundation settlement using te appropriate settlement teories andmetods as outlined in Chapter . Te estimated total and differential settlement sould e pro$idedin te Geote!ni!al eport. #n tese !ases, te total allo'ale settlement and differential settlementof te sound'all sould e otained from te sound'all stru!ture designer and !e!=ed against teestimated amount of 'all settlement. #f te allo'ale settlement !riteria !annot e met, ten su-


1& April 2010


22/98

e!a$ation and repla!ement of te !ompressile materials, or redesign of te foundation, ma/ ene!essar/.

#n addition to foundation design, an o$erall stailit/ anal/sis of te sound'all sould e performed'en te 'all is lo!ated on or at te !rest of a !ut or fill slope. Te design slope model must in!lude asur!arge load e+ual to te footing earing stress. Te minimum slope stailit/ fa!tor of safet/ of te

stru!ture and slope sall e 1.& or greater for stati! !onditions and 1.1 for seismi! !onditions.

./"/"2"2 Shaft F oundatio ns

For spe!ial designs, su! as for poor soil !onditions, uo/ant !onditions, or ard ro!= tegeote!ni!al designer needs to pro$ide te soil properties ne!essar/ to perform te foundationdesign. Foundation designs for tese !onditions sould e performed using te BromsA metod asdes!ried in AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs,Luminaires, and Traffic Signals'Section %3"*+.

16 7 Foundation 'onstruction 'onsiderationsStru!tures tat re+uire sort round or s+uare foundations !ould e easil/ formed in an open

e!a$ation. Follo'ing te remo$al of te !on!rete forms, a!=fill sould e pla!ed and !ompa!tedaround te saft footing to pro$ide !ontainment and lateral support. Footings !onstru!ted using formsand a!=fill sould e a!=filled using Granular Stru!ture a!=fill material !ompa!ted to tere+uirements spe!ified in Se!tion &1 of te ODOT Standard Specifications. Te geote!ni!aldesigner sould ma=e sure te !ontra!t spe!ifi!ations !learl/ state te a!=fill and !ompa!tionre+uirements for te a!=fill material pla!ed around te formed foundation and tat te degree of!ompa!tion is $erified in te field.

Drilled safts supporting signal supports >!antile$er signals or strain poles? are to e !onstru!ted ina!!ordan!e 'it Se!tion 6" of te ODOT Standard Specifications. Drilled safts for signstru!tures sould e !onstru!ted in a!!ordan!e 'it Se!tion &12. efer to te ODOT TrafficStructures Manualfor furter details regarding spe!ifi!ation re+uirements for traffi! stru!tures.

Saft foundations greater tan aout 1 feet in lengt ma/ re+uire te use of temporar/ !asing,drilling slurries or ot. Generall/ in most !ases, te temporar/ !asing !an e remo$ed. Te !on!retein all saft foundations as een designed to ear dire!tl/ against te soils. Spe!ial foundationdesigns ma/ re+uire te use of permanent !asing if re!ommended / te geote!ni!al designer, in'i! !ase, te !on!rete 'ill not e in dire!t !onta!t 'it te soils.

n eample of tis is 'ere te foundation soils ma/ e too soft and 'ea= to allo' for te remo$al oftemporar/ !asing. #n tis situation, te stru!tural designer must e informed of tis !ondition. Teuse of permanent !asing alters te stiffness and strengt of te saft as 'ell as te soil-saft fri!tionand torsional saft !apa!it/.

Te presen!e of a ig ground'ater tale !ould affe!t te !onstru!tion of saft foundations. Te!onstru!tion of sound'alls 'it saft foundations 'ould e espe!iall/ $ulnerale to !a$ing if

ground'ater is en!ountered and tere are loose !lean sands or gra$els present.


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16 8 (uildings

./""." #!er!ie-Te pro$isions of tis se!tion !o$er te design re+uirements for small uilding stru!tures, su! as

re+uired at ODOT rest areas or for maintenan!e uildings. #t is assumed tese uildings are notsu8e!t to s!our or 'ater pressure / 'ind or 'a$e a!tion. T/pi!all/, uildings ma/ e supported onsallo' spread footings or on pile or saft foundations for !onditions 'ere soft !ompressile soilsare present.

./""2" Design )eAuirement for BuildingsFoundations sall e designed in a!!ordan!e 'it te pro$isions outlined in )apter 1* of te 45538nternational Building /ode '8B/, 4554+. Tis design !ode spe!ifies tat all foundations e designedusing allo'ale stress design metodolog/. Tale 1*%.2 from te #B) pro$ides presumpti$e $aluesfor allo'ale foundation earing pressure, lateral pressure for stem 'alls and eart pressureparameters to assess lateral sliding. 9ote tat tese presumpti$e $alues a!!ount for ot searfailure of te soil and settlement or deformation, 'i! as een limited to 1 in!.

Table ./" 5llo-able Foundation and Lateral 6ressure, 92003 +BC, Table .0"2"

4aterials5llo-ableFoundation6ressure 9psf1

Lateral Bearing9psfft belo-

natural graded

Coeffi1ient of

fri1tiona

)esistan1e

9psfb

1. )r/stalline Bedro!= 12, 12 .( -------

2. Sedimentar/ and foliatedro!=

%, % ."& -------

". Sand/ gra$el andor gra$el>GW G0?

", 2 ."& -------

%. Sand, silt/ sand, !la/e/sand, silt/ gra$el and !la/e/gra$el >SW, S0, S7, S), G7,and G)?

2, 1& .2& -------

&. )la/, sand/ !la/, silt/ !la/,!la/e/ silt, silt and sand/ silt>)L, 7L, 74 and )4

1,& 1 ------- 1"

a. )oeffi! ient to e multiplied / te dead load.

. Lateral sliding resistan!e $alue to e multiplied / te !onta!t area, as limited / Se!tion 1*%." of te 2" #B).

!. Were te uilding offi!ial determines tat in-pla!e soils 'it an allo'ale earing !apa!it/ of less tan 1,& psf areli=el/ to e present at te site, te allo'ale earing !apa!it/ sall e determined / a soils in$estigation.

d. n in!rease of one-tird is permitted 'en using te alternate load !ominations in Se!tion 16.".2 of te 2" #B) tatin!lude 'ind or eart+ua=e loads.

#n addition to using te 2" #B) design !ode, te geote!ni!al designer sould perform afoundation earing !apa!it/ anal/ses >in!luding settlement? using te metods outlined in Chapter to otain nominal resistan!e $alues.

Tese design metods 'ill result in ultimate >nominal? !apa!ities. 9ormall/, allo'ale stress design is!ondu!ted for foundations tat support uildings and similar stru!tures. ppropriate safet/ fa!torsmust e applied to determine allo'ale load transfer. Fa!tors of safet/ to e used for allo'ale stressdesign of foundations sall e as follo's3


1( April 2010


24/98

Table ./" 4inimum fa1tors of safet? for 5SD foundation design"

Load (roup 4ethod 84inimum (eote1hni1al Fa1tor of Safet?, FS

Spread

Footings

Shafts 6iles

SD>unfa!toredDL^ LL, orser$i!e loadle$el?

Stati! sear strengt anal/sis from soilro!= properties,>!ompression?

". 2.& 2.&

Stati! anal/sis from soilro!= properties, >uplift? ". ".

Load test !ondu!ted >numer of tests

depends on uniformit/ of !onditions?

2. 2.

F4W Gates :+uation dri$ing formula ".

Wa$e :+uation 2.&

0D 'it )0W0 >min. one per pier and 2 to &I of tepiles

2.2&

Te results of te SD foundation earing !apa!it/ anal/ses, after redu!ing te foundation earing!apa!it/ / te spe!ified FS from Tale 16 -&, and furter redu!ed to meet settlement !riteria for tefoundation >normall/, no FS is applied for settlement anal/sis results?, sould e !e!=ed against te#B) design !ode, and te most !onser$ati$e results used.

For allo'ale stress design, spread footings on dr/ sand/ soils ma/ alternati$el/ e designed forearing and settlement / using Figure 16 -%. Wen using Figure 16 -%, a FS from Tale 16 -&does not need to e applied, as te earing stresses in te figure represent allo'ale earingresistan!es. fa!tor of safet/ of 2. as alread/ een applied. Te design earing resistan!e inFigure 16-" as een de$eloped assuming no ground'ater is present, no e!!entri!it/ in te footingand footing settlement 'ill e limited to no more tan 1 in!. Te 9-$alues needed to estimateearing resistan!e in te figure sould e determined from S0T lo' !ounts tat a$e een!orre!ted for ot o$erurden pressure and ammer effi!ien!/, and en!e represent 91>6?$alues.


1* April 2010


25/98

Figure ./" Design 1hart for proportioning shallo- footings on dr? sand 9redrafted from6e1@, et al", .

9ote tat oter issues ma/ need to e addressed regarding te design of uildings and asso!iatedstru!tures. For eample, signifi!ant eart'or= ma/ e re+uired in!luding !ut and fill design,stailiCation of unstale ground, ground impro$ement or retaining 'alls. efer to te rele$ant se!tionsof tis manual for design guidan!e on tese t/pes of 'or=.

#f septi! drain field>s? are needed, lo!al regulations 'ill go$ern te geote!ni!al design, in!luding 'ois +ualified to perform te design >i.e., a spe!ial li!ense ma/ e re+uired?. #n general, te permeailit/of te soil and te maimum seasonal ground 'ater le$el 'ill need to e assessed for septi! s/stemdesigns.

'ote:

ote that in general, the foundations for the types of structures addressed in this chapter are notmitigated for li!uefaction" Howe:er, for &uilding foundations, li!uefaction and other seismic ha;ardsare at least assessed in terms of the potential impact to the proposed structures" Li!uefaction andother seismic ha;ards are mitigated for &uilding and other structures for which the 8nternationalBuilding /ode '8B/+ go:erns and mitigation is re!uired &y the 8B/"


1 April 2010


26/98

16 9 ReerencesS4TO, 1**,AASHTO Manual on Su&surface 8n:estigations.

S4TO, 1*,AASHTO Guide Specifications for Structural Design of Sound Barriers'including %((4 4554 interims+.

S4TO, 21,AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs,Luminaires, and Traffic Signals.

S4TO, 22, Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges,meri!an sso!iation of State4ig'a/ and Transportation Offi!ials, Se$enteent :dition, Wasington, D.)., 5S, 6*6 p.

S4TO, 2%, L-1D Bridge Design Specifications, meri!an sso!iation of State 4ig'a/and Transportation Offi!ials, Tird :dition, Wasington, D.)., 5S.

F4W, 26, Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, eferen!e 7anuals, 2%?.

ODOT Soil and Rock Classification Manual, >1*(?.

.ODOT Traffic Structures Design Manual, >2?.

0atterson, D., 162, How to Design 9ole=Type Buildings, meri!an Wood 0reser$ers #nstitute,)i!ago,Tird :dition.

0e!=, . B., W. :. 4anson, and T. 4. Tornurn, 1(%. 1oundation 7ngineering. Se!ond:dition, _on Wile/ and Sons, #n!., 9e' `or=, 9`, p. &1%.


2 April 2010
http://209.85.173.132/search?q=cache:GBV8kuTdgnMJ:https://bookstore.transportation.org/imageview.aspx%3Fid%3D336%26DB%3D3+%22AASHTO+Guide+Specifications+for+Structural+Design+of+Sound+Barriers+2002%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ushttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/BRIDGE/standards_manuals.shtml#Bridge_Design_Drafting_Manualftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Geotech/Manuals/Soil_Rock_Classification_Manual.pdfhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/TRAFFIC-ROADWAY/docs/pdf/%20Traffic_Structures_Design_Manual_May_2009.pdfhttp://209.85.173.132/search?q=cache:GBV8kuTdgnMJ:https://bookstore.transportation.org/imageview.aspx%3Fid%3D336%26DB%3D3+%22AASHTO+Guide+Specifications+for+Structural+Design+of+Sound+Barriers+2002%22&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ushttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/BRIDGE/standards_manuals.shtml#Bridge_Design_Drafting_Manualftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Geotech/Manuals/Soil_Rock_Classification_Manual.pdfhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/TRAFFIC-ROADWAY/docs/pdf/%20Traffic_Structures_Design_Manual_May_2009.pdf


27/98

17 Cul!erts and Tren1hless Te1hnolog?

Design

17 1 General

This Chapter to be 1ompleted at a later date"


1 April 2010

Chapter

17


28/98

18 Constru1tion )e1ommendations and

)eport

18 1

General7ost !onstru!tion re!ommendations sould e in!luded in te pro8e!t Spe!ial 0ro$isions or so'n

on te plans if te/ are to e !ontra!tuall/ re!ogniCed. )onstru!tion re!ommendations !an also ein!luded in te final geote!ni!al report as appropriate and ma/ in!lude dis!ussions orre!ommendations on te follo'ing items3

Temporar/ soring re+uirements

)ontrol of ground'ater in e!a$ations

Temporar/ e!a$ation slopes

Diffi!ult pile dri$ing !onditions

Boulders or oter ostru!tions epe!ted in te area of foundation !onstru!tion or e!a$ations

:isting foundations in te area of proposed foundations or e!a$ations

7onitoring of ad8a!ent stru!tures or fa!ilities >pre!onstru!tion sur$e/s?

5nder'ater a!ousti! monitoring of pile dri$ing or ule !urtains

7onitoring of fill settlement and e!ess pore pressure

:isting utilities, drainage pipes or oter feature tat ma/ influen!e foundation !onstru!tion

Oter uni+ue !onstru!tion re!ommendations or +ualit/ !ontrol issues sould e appropriatel/addressed.


1 April 2010

Chapter

18


29/98

18 2 Road&a) 'onstruction SupportTe geote!ni!al designer andor pro8e!t geologist sould read, and e familiar 'it, te ODOTStandard Specifications for Roadwork 'Section 55355+ and spe!ifi!all/ Section 55335,>7arthwor.. lso re$ie' all te Standard Special 9ro:isions for Section 55355. 0ro$ide !onstru!tion

assistan!e for te follo'ing items as re+uired3

e$ie' of material properties of proposed eman=ment,

e$ie' an/ eman=ment settlement monitoring data,

ssist 'it assessment of unanti!ipated sugrade stailiCation needs,

ssist 'it solutions to drainage prolems or oter ground'ater issues,

0ro$ide solutions and options for dealing 'it unstale !utslopes if te/ arise,

e$ie' of proposed lasting plans.

18 3 (ridge 'onstruction Support0ro$ide re$ie' of !ontra!tor sumittals and pro$ide !onstru!tion support as needed for te follo'inggeneral items related to ridge foundation !onstru!tion3

e$ie' te stailit/ of temporar/ e!a$ation !utslopes and soring sumittals,

e$ie' of foundation designs for false'or=,

e$ie' of foundations for temporar/ 'or= ridges or detour ridges,

e$ie' !offerdam designs,

e$ie' and assist in appro$al of !ange orders regarding foundation related items su! as

!anges to material spe!ifi!ations or foundation materials.

efer to te ODOT Bridge Design and Drafting Manual (BDDMfor guidan!e and more detailsregarding spe!ifi! design re+uirements for te ao$e stru!tures.

."3"." Spread Footing Constru1tionTe geote!ni!al designer sould e familiar 'it te ODOT Standard Specifications for Structure

7?ca:ation and Bac.fill 'Section 55)%5+. 0ro$ide inspe!tion ser$i!es to te field as re+uested to$erif/ tat te foundation materials eposed at te footing foundation ele$ation are te samematerials as assumed in design and suitale for foundation support. #f te materials are not asassumed and are not suitale for footing !onstru!tion, pro$ide re!ommendations to te !onstru!tionoffi!e regarding o' to pro!eed 'it foundation !onstru!tion. )onsult 'it te stru!ture designer andoter pro8e!t personnel, as ne!essar/, if signifi!ant !anges to footing ele$ations are re+uired.


2 Decemer 200!
http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/SPECS/standard_specifications.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/SPECS/standard_specifications.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/BRIDGE/standards_manuals.shtml#Bridge_Design_Drafting_Manualhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/SPECS/standard_specifications.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/SPECS/standard_specifications.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/BRIDGE/standards_manuals.shtml#Bridge_Design_Drafting_Manual


30/98

."3"2" Dri!en 6ile Constru1tionTe geote!ni!al designer sould e familiar 'it te ODOT Standard Specifications for Dri:en 9iles'Section 55)45+ and te Standard Special 9ro:isions for Section 55)45 'i! supplement teStandard Spe!ifi!ations. Te final pile re!ord oo=s sould e sent to te 4; Bridge :ngineeringSe!tion offi!e at te !ompletion of te pro8e!t. Tese re!ords are s!anned into a data ase for furter

referen!e.)onstru!tion support for pile foundation pro8e!ts t/pi!all/ !onsists of te follo'ing re$ie' pro!ess anddo!umentation3

e$ie' and appro$al of te 9ile Dri:ing 7!uipment Data 1orm.

o Te !ontra!tor is re+uired to sumit a !ompleted 9ile Dri:ing 7!uipment Data

1orm. #f te form is not !omplete or un!lear, re+uest a resumital from te 07 offi!e.Tis re$ie' !onsists of $erif/ing tat te !ontra!torAs ammer meets te re+uirementsof te standard spe!ifi!ations, 'i! t/pi!all/ means te proposed ammer 'illpro$ide suffi!ient field energ/ to dri$e te piles to te re+uired minimum tip ele$ationand de$elop te re+uired nominal resistan!e 'it a dri$ing resistan!e 'itin te

allo'ale range of " to 1& lo's per in!.

o #f te piles are dri$en to earing ased on te F4W d/nami! formula, simpl/ !e!=

to see tat, for te re+uired nominal resistan!e, te estimated ammer field energ/'ill result in a resistan!e et'een " and 1& lo's per in!. Te maimum ratedammer energ/ sould not e used in tis e$aluation sin!e ammers rarel/ rea!tis le$el of performan!e.

o #f te piles are a!!epted ased on 'a$e e+uation >W:0? anal/sis, !e!= te

!ontra!torAs W:0 anal/sis to see tat te !orre!t input $alues 'ere used, teanal/sis 'as performed properl/ and te predi!ted pile stresses are elo' temaimum stresses allo'ed. lso, !e!= to see tat te predi!ted resistan!e is

et'een " and 1& lo's per in!.

o #f s'inging leads are proposed tere sould e a !lear metod of ra!ing, an!oring

or fiing te ottom of te leads to maintain proper ammer-pile alignment trougoutte pile installation.

0ro$ide final pile dri$ing !riteria to te field.

o #f te ammer does not meet te re+uirements of te spe!ifi!ations, pro$ide a letter to

te 07 offi!e re8e!ting te ammer and do!umenting te reasons for te re8e!tion.On!e te ammer is a!!epted, a letter stating so is sent to te pro8e!t manager along'it te final dri$ing !riteria.

Te final pile dri$ing !riteria usuall/ !onsists of an inspe!tors grap so'ing te re+uired resistan!ein lo's per in! as a fun!tion of ammer stro=e >for open end diesel ammers? or field energ/. neample is atta!ed inppendi 1*-3 0ile #nspe!tor Grap. tale so'ing te re+uired resistan!eas a fun!tion of ammer stro=e >for a fied nominal resistan!e? ma/ also e pro$ided.

t tis time in te pile ammer re$ie' and appro$al pro!ess, an/ important pile installation prolemsor issues tat migt arise sould e !ommuni!ated to te pro8e!t manager and te pile inspe!tor inte pile ammer appro$al letter. Te follo'ing issues sould e dis!ussed as appli!ale3


" Decemer 200!


31/98

0ile freeCe >setup? period, if re+uired, and proper pro!edures to follo',

n/ anti!ipated diffi!ult dri$ing !onditions and damage potential,

0otential for piles running long and possile solutions,

0reoring re+uirements,

see Section

5)%4"#5 of the Standard Specifications?. Tis re$ie' and appro$al sould e !oordinated!losel/ 'it te stru!tural designer. Saft !onstru!tion metods !an affe!t ot te stru!turaland geote!ni!al !apa!it/ of drilled safts and so ot dis!iplines sould e in$ol$ed in tisre$ie'.

ttend drilled saft pre!onstru!tion meetings 'it te drilled saft su!ontra!tor, prime

!ontra!tor and !onstru!tion staff,

e$ie' and appro$e !rossole soni! log test results. )oordinate te re$ie' and appro$al of

)SL test results !losel/ 'it te stru!tural designer. See Se1tion ."3"3". for details

regarding te )SL testing and e$aluation pro!edures.

e$ie' proposed drilled saft repair plans >as needed?.


% Decemer 200!


32/98

0ro$ide !onstru!tion support and ad$i!e to te !onstru!tion offi!e during saft !onstru!tion

regarding an/ diffi!ulties in saft !onstru!tion or to ans'er an/ +uestions te inspe!tor ma/a$e. 4elp insure te proper inspe!tion is ta=ing pla!e and te proper inspe!tion forms areeing !ompleted.

Wor= 'it te inspe!tor to ma=e sure te saft is eing !onstru!ted in te foundationmaterials tat 'ere assumed in design. #f !anges to te estimated saft tip ele$ations arene!essar/, 'or= 'it te stru!tural designer and pro8e!t staff to determined a!!eptalere$ised saft tip ele$ations.

."3"3 ". Crosshole Soni1 Log 9CSL Test ing E &!aluat ion6ro1edures

)SL testing, in !omination 'it a +ualit/ field inspe!tion, are te primar/ metods used / ODOTfor te +ualit/ !ontrol and a!!eptan!e of drilled safts. )SL testing is not al'a/s a !on!lusi$e testand te results often re+uire interpretation and furter in-dept re$ie'. Te )SL test results /temsel$es !an sometimes e misleading. Terefore, all inspe!tion re!ords and forms sould e

pro$ided to te )SL re$ie'er to use in !omination 'it te )SL test results in determining safta!!eptan!e. #t is igl/ re!ommended tat te foundation and ridge designers ot understand, ande familiar 'it, )SL testing pro!edures and a$e training in te use and interpretation of )SL testresults.

Te follo'ing pro!edures sould e used 'en !ondu!ting )SL testing for +ualit/ !ontrol of drilledsafts on ODOT pro8e!ts.

. "3 "3"2 CSL F ield Test ing

)ontra!tor pro$ides te )SL su!ontra!tor to do te testing. Tis is in!luded in te !ontra!t

'it id items for moiliCation of e+uipment and te numer of tests per ridge.

)SL testing is performed a!!ording to ST7 D6(6-2.

)SL testing is performed on te first saft !onstru!ted and oters as des!ried in Section

55)%4of te spe!ial pro$isions.

dditional safts are tested if !onstru!tion metods !ange or saft !onstru!tion results in

+uestionale +ualit/ safts. Tis is espe!iall/ true for un!ased safts, e!a$ated elo' te'ater le$el in soils.

. "3 "3"3 CSL Test )esults

)SL test results sould e for'arded to ot te geote!ni!al engineer and te ridge

designer for re$ie', >regardless of 'at te )SL report sa/s?,

Bot engineers sould !on!ur tat te saft is a!!eptale or needs furter in$estigation.

Stru!tural andor geote!ni!al anal/sis ma/ e ne!essar/ at tis point to assess te load

!arr/ing !apa!it/ of te saft ased on interpretation of te )SL test results and inspe!tionreports.


& Decemer 200!


33/98

. "3 "3" Further Test ing+nspe1t ion

#f an anomal/ or o$ious defe!t is dete!ted in te )SL testing, it ma/ 'arrant furter in$estigation to$erif/ tat it does indeed eist and to furter +uantif/ te etent and material properties of tematerial in te affe!ted Cone. #f additional in$estigation appears ne!essar/, re$ie' all te saft

inspe!tion forms and !onfer immediatel/ 'it te drilled saft #nspe!tor regarding all aspe!ts of saft!onstru!tion to determine 'at !ould a$e appened at te dept of te anomal/.

'ote:

This is a :ery important decision in that if, upon further in:estigation, there is no shaft defect found,ODOT may &e responsi&le for paying the in:estigation costs along with additional compensation tothe contractor for delaying drilled shaft construction due to the additional in:estigation wor." 8f anydefects are found, regardless of whether they are repaired or not, the full cost of the shaftin:estigation 'coring and@or other wor.+ is paid &y the /ontractor with no time e?tension"

#f furter in$estigation is deemed ne!essar/, te follo'ing pro!edures sould e !onsidered to furter+uantif/ te affe!ted Cone3

First, torougl/ re$ie' te inspe!tion re!ords of te drilled saft in +uestion and re$ie' te!losest drill log to see if tere is a !orrelation et'een te dete!ted anomal/ and sometingtat o!!urred during te saft !onstru!tion pro!ess andor related to te soils or ground'ater!onditions.

)onsider performing additional )SL testing after some period of time to see if te anomal/ is

te result of dela/ed !on!rete set or !uring. )e!= !on!rete mi design to see if admituresand retarders 'ere used 'i! !ould dela/ !on!rete set.

#f pra!ti!al, e!a$ate around te perimeter of te saft to epose near-surfa!e defe!ts.

)onsider using )SL tomograp/ >"D #maging? at tis time to tr/ and etter define te etent

of te anomal/.

#f re+uired, perform !ore drilling at te lo!ations and depts of suspe!ted defe!ts.

#nsert do'nole !ameras >in drilled !ore oles? for $isual eamination of defe!ts.

."3"3" Core Dri ll ing

#f !ore drilling is ne!essar/, te follo'ing pro!edures sould e follo'ed3

Te foundation or ridge designer sould plan te numer, lo!ation and dept of all !ore

oles ased on te )SL test results and inspe!tion reports. Target te area>s? 'ere te )SLresults indi!ate possile defe!ts. Do not allo' te !ontra!tor to sele!t !ore ole numers,lo!ations and depts.

5se eiter doule or triple tue !oring e+uipment tat 'ill result in maimum re!o$er/ and

minimal damage to te re!o$ered !on!rete !ore.

)arefull/ log all !ore oles using metods similar to tose used for t/pi!al geote!ni!al ore

oles, !losel/ measuring depts, rate of ad$an!ement, an/ sudden drops in drill steel


6 Decemer 200!


34/98

>indi!ating $oids?, per!ent re!o$er/, !on!rete +ualit/, rea=s, fra!tures, in!lusions andan/ting tat does not indi!ate solid, good +ualit/ !on!rete.

)ore at least " a'a/ from an/ rear, if possile, and do not !ore troug an/ steel

reinfor!ement 'itout te !lear, epressed appro$al of te stru!tural designer.

Ta=e potos of te !ore re!o$er/.

]eep notes of an/ driller remar=s regarding te nature and +ualit/ of te saft !on!rete.

]eep te !ontra!tor >or Drilled Saft su!ontra!tor? informed trougout tis in$estigation.

Te !ore oles ma/ e ale to e used / te !ontra!tor for repairing an/ saft defe!ts.

)ored oles !ould also e filled 'it 'ater and used for additional )SL testing.

#f possile3

o do !ore rea=s >+u? on suspe!ted !ore samples retrie$ed from defe!t area.

o use do'n-ole !ameras to elp +uantif/ te etent of defe!t area.

. "3 "3"/ Shaf t Defe1ts and )epa irs

Based on te results of te additional in$estigation 'or= and an assessment of te saft integrit/, teridge and foundation designers sould !onfer and determine if a defe!t is present tat re+uiresrepair. Tis determination sould e ased on an assessment of te effe!t te defe!t as on tesaftAs ailit/ to perform as designed >ot for geote!ni!al and stru!tural purposes?.

'ote:

8f a shaft defect is determined to &e present, it is the contractors responsi&ility to su&mit a repair plan

and repair the defect at no cost to ODOT"

ll saft repair proposals sould e sumitted to te foundation and ridge designers for re$ie' andappro$al. Saft repair sould not e allo'ed 'itout 'ritten appro$al of te :ngineer-of-e!ord.Grout repair of minor saft $oids ma/ e allo'ed 'it appro$al of te :ngineer-of-e!ord, if te )SLtues are left open to $erif/ saft integrit/ after grouting. #f saft defe!ts are se$ere enoug to'arrant !omplete saft repla!ement or redesign, te !ontra!tor sall sumit a plan for te redesign orrepla!ement a!!ording to Section 55)%4"#%.

."3"3" )emaining Shaf ts

Te !ause of an/ defe!ts sould e as!ertained, if at all possil/, so te !ontra!tor !an use modifiedsaft !onstru!tion pro!edures and a$oid repeating te same defe!ts in te remaining drilled safts on

te pro8e!t. modified drilled saft installation plan, so'ing tese modifi!ations to te installationpro!edures, sould e sumitted for appro$al.

18 4 Reerences


( Decemer 200!


35/98

Tis se!tion lan= intentionall/.


* Decemer 200!


36/98

*ppendi+ 1,-* ile Inspector Graph

Volume 3 ODOT eotechnical Design

Manual

April 2010


37/98

*ppendi+ 1,-( a//er *pproval 0etter


Manual

1 April 2010


38/98


Manual

11 April 2010


39/98


Manual

12 April 2010


40/98


Manual

1" April 2010


41/98


Manual

1% April 2010


42/98

19 =nstable Slope 4anagement

4 1 General

This Chapter to be 1ompleted at a later date"


Manual

1 April 2010

Chapter

1!


43/98

2 4aterial Sour1e +n!estigation and

)eport2 1 GeneralTis !apter dis!usses te purpose for disposal site and material sour!e eploration and design.#dentifi!ation, design, de$elopment and permitting of material sour!es and disposal sites re+uirenearl/ all te same elements tat go into a large transportation pro8e!t. 7aterial sour!es anddisposal sites re+uire identifi!ation, in$estigation, en$ironmental re$ie', mining and land usepermitting, rigt-of-'a/ a!+uisition andor delineation, topograpi! sur$e/, )D design, andre!lamation.

Time lines asso!iated 'it $arious tas=s tat go into site and sour!e eploration, de$elopment, and

re!lamation generall/ do not follo' along 'it pro8e!t time lines asso!iated 'it similar tas=s >i.e.,sur$e/ing, en$ironmental sur$e/s?. #n general, man/ of tese tas=s need to e !ompleted forsour!es and disposal sites, in ad$an!e of 'en te/ 'ould e s!eduled for te pro8e!t tat tesour!e>s? or disposal site>s? 'ill e asso!iated 'it.

Disposal sites and material sour!es are in$estigated and designed in !on8un!tion 'it !onstru!tionand maintenan!e of te transportation fa!ilities.

4aterial sour1e in!estigation:Te purpose of a material sour!e in$estigation is to identif/ andpro$e out suffi!ient +uantities of material meeting te +ualit/ re+uirements for te intended use.

Design:Te purpose of te design is to grapi!all/ represent te proposed de$elopment of tematerial sour!e or disposal site in te !ontra!t plan seets ta=ing into a!!ount te propert/ limits, site!onditions, permitting re+uirements, most effi!ient etra!tion, !urrent need and future use of te

sour!e andor site. Detailed design and re!lamation plans are also re+uirements for te permittingof material sour!es.

Trougout tis !apter, $arious guidan!e do!uments and forms are identified and referen!ed.Do!ument names 'ill e so'n in itali!iCed font. #nformation tat /perlin=s to oter information su!as tales, figures, oter do!uments, forms or 5Ls 'ill displa/ underlined and in old. #n oter


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se!tions, tere is referen!e made to a$ailale information. Tese spe!ifi! do!uments and referen!edmaterial !an e found at te follo'ing 'e site3

$igh-a? (eo&n!ironmental Se1tion (eolog?(eote1hni1al


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2 2 aterial Source and Disposal SiteDe2nitions

Te follo'ing definitions and terms are used in tis !apter.

#D#T 4aterial Sour1e: uni+ue par!el or !omination of par!els of land 'i! are ODOT

o'ned or !ontrolled spe!ifi!all/ identified as te lo!ation from 'i! material !an e remo$edfor utiliCation in te !onstru!tion of a ig'a/ pro8e!t and te !ontinued maintenan!e of tetransportation fa!ilit/. 7aterial from an ODOT sour!e ma/ or ma/ not re+uire se!ondar/pro!essing prior to in!orporation into a pro8e!t.

#D#T Disposal Site: uni+ue par!el or !omination of par!els of land 'i! are ODOT

o'ned or !ontrolled, spe!ifi!all/ identified as te lo!ation 'ere e!ess !lean fill from aig'a/ !onstru!tion pro8e!t, or generated troug routine or emergen!/ maintenan!ea!ti$ities, !an e temporaril/ sto!=piled for future enefi!ial use or permanentl/ pla!ed as a

se!ondar/ enefi!ial use.'ote:

9lacement of material without a &eneficial use, e!uates to the creation of a landfillre!uiring permitting through D7"

4aterial3 7aterial !an eiter e in pla!e naturall/ o!!urring earten material >soil, !inder,

ard ro!=, gra$el? or earten material 'i! as een transported to tis lo!ation fromanoter site or sites and sto!=piled for future use. #n some situations, te term material !ane used to refer to re!/!led material su! as pa$ement grindings.

Clean Fill: o!=, soil, !on!rete 'it or 'itout rear >pro$ided te rear is not eposed?,

ri!=, uilding lo!=, tile, or aspalt pa$ing >'eatered and !onsolidated 'it no free oil? tatdoes not !ontain !ontaminants tat !ould ad$ersel/ impa!t 'aters of te state or puli!ealt. Wood is not !onsidered !lean fill.

uarr?: term generall/ used to refer to a ard ro!= sour!e 'i! !ommonl/ 'ill re+uire

lasting te!ni+ues to e utiliCed prior to etra!tion of te nati$e material. #n Oregon, tisterm is !ommonl/ asso!iated 'it +uarr/ operations lo!ated in igneous flo' deposits.

6it: term used to refer to a mine site tat generall/ does not re+uire lasting prior to

etra!tion, and is !ommonl/ asso!iated 'it gra$el, !inder or soil sour!es.

Sour1e Site Designer: #n te !ontet of tis dis!ussion, te Sour!e Site designer is

defined as te )ertified :ngineering Geologist 'o ultimatel/ 'ill e te 0rofessional ofe!ord for te material sour!e andor disposal site design.


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2 3 aterial Source and Disposal Sitero3ect Scoping

0ro8e!t s!oping is a =e/ element of an/ pro8e!t to assure a +ualit/ transportation solution and

suse+uentl/ an effi!ient and e!onomi!al design. S!oping related to material sour!es and disposalsites is !riti!al at an earl/ stage in te pro8e!t de$elopment. s implied ao$e, material sour!es anddisposal site de$elopment sould e $ie'ed as small pro8e!ts inside te larger transportation pro8e!t.#f te need for a sour!e andor disposal site and te suse+uent identifi!ation of te site is not!ompleted earl/ in te pro!ess, tere ma/ e inade+uate time and pro8e!t funding to !omplete tere+uired 'or= tas=s >espe!iall/ if tere is rigt-of-'a/ a!+uisition or signifi!ant en$ironmentalre+uirements?.

#n te s!oping pase of a pro8e!t, it sould e determined if tere 'ill e materials needed on tepro8e!t. #f te proposed pro8e!t 'ill a$e material needs, !onsider te follo'ing3

&stimate material Auantit? needed:n estimated +uantit/ of te $arious t/pes of material soulde de$eloped.

&!aluate::$aluation of te pro8e!t and te a$ailailit/ of te $arious material produ!ts neededsould ten e underta=en to determine 'at options are a$ailale to meet tese pro8e!t needs. #tsould e determined if te pro8e!t needs !an e met / eisting !ommer!ial suppliers in te area orif tere 'ill e a need to pursue a puli!l/ !ontrolled material sour!e. ODOT as de$eloped aguidan!e do!ument to assist in determining te potential need for a material sour!e andor a disposalsite, titledMaterial Source 6se /riteria.

Te same pro!ess sould e follo'ed in regards to disposal sites for e!ess materials generated ona pro8e!t. Te potential need for a puli!l/ !ontrolled disposal site for pla!ement of e!ess materialssould e e$aluated using te ao$e mentioned guidan!e do!ument.!D"#$% !roect Deli'er )eaders*ip Tea+ Operational ,otice " #$, pro$ides additional guidan!eas to 'en a puli!l/ !ontrolled disposal site ma/ e needed for a pro8e!t. Te

Geo"-n'iron+ental Bulletin G-O$.$/(B% Designating Construction Staging and DisposalSites do!ument also pro$ides additional information on tis issue.

2 4 aterial Source and Disposal Sitero3ect Reconnaissance

During te pro8e!t s!oping pase, if it as een determined tat a puli!l/ !ontrolled sour!e ofmaterials andor a puli!l/ !ontrolled disposal site or ot are needed, eisting sour!es andproperties 'ill need to e e$aluated. ODOT as de$eloped guidan!e do!uments tat generall/outline te steps ne!essar/ for disposal site de$elopment and for sour!e de$elopment titled, ODOTMaterial Source /hec.list, and ODOT Disposal Site /hec.list.

:$aluate eisting dataase and file information to determine te eisten!e of sour!es in te area andto identif/ tose sites tat ma/ meet te pro8e!t needs for ot +uantit/ and +ualit/ of material.)onsider te follo'ing3

5dditional information: #nformation related to sur$e/ data, land use Coning, o'nersip,en$ironmental !learan!es, $isual restri!tions, land use and permits sould also e re$ie'ed. #f tepro8e!t is in need of a puli!l/ !ontrolled material sour!e and no eisting sour!es appear ale to meet


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http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/PDU/docs/pdf/PDLTNotice10.pdfftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Environmental/Other%20Enviromental%20Materials/Policy/Designating_Construction_Staging_Disposal_Sites.pdfftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Environmental/Other%20Enviromental%20Materials/Policy/Designating_Construction_Staging_Disposal_Sites.pdfhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/forms_resources.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/forms_resources.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/forms_resources.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/forms_resources.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/forms_resources.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/forms_resources.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/forms_resources.shtmlhttp://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/PDU/docs/pdf/PDLTNotice10.pdfftp://ftp.odot.state.or.us/techserv/Geo-Environmental/Environmental/Other%20Enviromental%20Materials/Policy/Designating_Construction_Staging_Disposal_Sites.pdfftp://ftp.odot.

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