Zui¹¡ Ven Ÿctna

Vr Ÿctna Ven smaj pirbàtn

Zui¹¡ : mu¹¡mna †-buk

Zui¹¡ Ÿk na Balbaes? Balbasa Ÿta ìDu ny, Vmaedr Aió»tÔ rQar jnY† Ÿta Zui¹¡r pãit Vóùa Taka pãŸyajn|sbecey k´r ibSÿasI bYi¹¡iFw ikǼ Zui¹¡ CaRa … jget …k paw clet paern na| Zt† ibSÿas ik„ba ‰maenr ŸjarTak™k na Ÿkn, Ÿkˆ† Ha†weyet igey clman baesr samen ŸcaK bÉ ker daƒiRey Zan na| kKn† Baebn na,"daƒiRey Za†, Qit ik- baƒca mrar mailk Ÿta VLaH, itin† taƒr baÆdaek rQa krebn|' ApaiàTb s¹ar kaeC mgjibikey na idey br„ Vóùa raeKn manbIy, Zui¹¡, s„Sy …b„ buiÁr ˆpr, sb idk ŸdeK-ìen† ŸSx pàZÇ» raó»a parHn| bajaer igey ‰Sÿerr nam jep ŸcaK bÉ ker Ÿkˆ bajar kern na, br„ ŸdeK-ìen, Zui¹¡-buiÁ idey Bal mtibcar ker† ijins Ÿkenn, paeC fek na Zan! …§ela ˆdaHrN ŸTek Vmaedr paiàTb jIben Zui¹¡r §r›tÔ ŸbaJaZay| ATc, daàSink ba ob¯ainkBaeb Zui¹¡badI Hwyar kTa blel ik„ba Zui¹¡bad pãcar krel Aenekr maTay ŸZnbaj peR| †iney-ibiney nana "Vghum-baghum' t¹ÔkTa Vr AitkTa Haijr ker Zui¹¡badIedr Ÿfkaet secîF Hn,kKnwba kTar mar-pYaƒc idey …mn …k Aió»tÔHIn s¹ar "Aió»tÔ pãmaeN' secîF Hn, Zar pãit Vsel taedrinejedrw bYbHairk jIben Ÿkan Vóùa Ÿn†, iClw na ŸbaD Hy kKnw|

…r meDY Vmaedr ipãy mu¹¡mna sdsY AnÇ» ibjy …k AiBnb kaj ker ŸPeleC| "ŸmOlbadIedr VKRa' iHesebpirict iseleF ŸTek pãtYÇ» A‚elr Zui¹¡badIedr s„gift ker "Zui¹¡' naemr …mn …kiF saHsI piºka ŸbrkereC …baerr (2007) b† Ÿmlay, Za ba„laedeSr ŸpãQapeF ABUtpUàb† bla Zay| … piºkaiF pRel† pafekrabuJebn ŸZ, AnÇ» ibxbâeQr patay patay kaƒic calayin, br„ k™faerr Ÿkap biseyeC …kdm gBIer, ibxbâeQrŸgaƒRaet†| ibiBÊ pãitiîft odinek ŸCa´ b†iF †etameDY† Velaict HeyeC Vr Ÿs† saeT ŸpeyeC ˆgã saÚpãdaiykmHl ŸTek ûmik-Damikw!!! …Drenr ûmik Damik Ÿta Vmaedr mt mu¹¡mnaedr kaeC ntun ikCu ny! AnÇ»inëcy† ta …etaiden Ÿjen ŸgeC|

Vmar AnueraeD AnÇ» "Zui¹¡' naemr ilFl mYagaijniF mu¹¡mnay "†-buk' Vkaer pãkaeSr jnY ˆnMu¹¡ ker ideyeC|Vim men kir Anusiɇsu …b„ mnnSIl pafekra …et Kub† ˆpkât Hebn| mu¹¡mna VeÆdalenr saeT jiRtŸlKkedrw ŸbS kiF ŸlKa …et siÊebiSt kereC AnÇ»| Vmra …r Veg mu¹¡mnar pQ ŸTek "mHaibeSÿ pãaN wbuiÁm¹ar ŸKaƒej' …b„ "ibbàtenr pT Der' b† duiF †-buk Vkaer pãkaS keriClam| Ÿs† …k† DarabaiHktay …barpãkaiSt Hl "Zui¹¡'| b†iF sutnI PeÆF ŸlKa HeyeC| mYagaijniF ifkmt pRet na parel dya ker sutnI PÆFVmaedr weyb sa†F ŸTek haˆnelah ker inn|

AnÇ»ek taƒr …† saHsI pdeQepr jnY As„KY DnYbad| Vim Zui¹¡r bûl pãcar kamna kir|

AiBij‡ raymu¹¡mnar pãitîfata sÚpadk17 …ipãl, 2007

hyw³†deª“qvwi 2007

•••hyw³

el© 1 msL¨v 1 2007

m¤úv`KAbš— weRq `vk

m¤úv`Kxq †hvMv‡hvMlekhok@inbox.com

cÖ”Q` cwiKíKweÁvb I hyw³ev`x KvDwÝj, wm‡jU

cÖKvkKvjdvêyb 1413, †deª“qvwi 2007

gy ªKc¨vivWvBg Ad‡mU †cÖm

ivRv g¨vbkb, wØZxq Zjv, wR›`vevRvi, wm‡jU

cwi‡ekKZ¶wkjv, AvwRR mycvi gv‡K©U, XvKv

eBcÎ, DËi wR›`vevRvi, wm‡jU

mvwe©K †hvMv‡hvMgy‡Vv‡dvb : 01712 966813, 01712 991856

yukti@inbox.com

g~j¨50 UvKv

m~wP

cÖeÜ

eª“‡bv †_‡K AviR Avjx gvZzeŸi/ARq ivq 7Ck¦iB wK m„wói Avw` ev cÖ_g KviY?/AwfwRr ivq 16

gvby‡li weeZ©b/eb¨v Avn‡g` 21AvMvgxw`‡bi gy³gbv/AvKvk gvwjK 32bvixev` I bvixev`x/bw›`bx †nv‡mb 34†gvnbxq †gvbvwjmv/dwi` Avng` 36

KweZv

W. BDb~m-kvwš—cyi¯‹vi/†gŠ gayeš—x 52

cÖeÜ

weÁvb, weÁvbgb®‹Zv ebvg †KvivwbK weÁvb/Rv‡n` Avng` 54hyw³ev` : GKwU `k©b GKwU Av‡›`vjb/gwdRyi ingvb i“b&by 66

Av‡jvKwe›`y/Ai“YKvwš— `vk 72

†QvUMí

ivkvi LwÊZ c„w_ex/gvn&gy Avjx 74

cÖeÜ

Aw¯’i mgq ¯cœnxb fwel¨r/A.Av.g. †iRv 81`v¾v‡ji K_v/Rvwn` iv‡mj 84wm‡jwU †gŠjev`/mygb Zzinvb 90

W. gyn¤§` Rvdi BKevj- Gi Kv‡Q †Lvjv wPwV/dv‡Zgv †iRwgb 96gymwjg `k©‡b gyZvwRjvev`/gwbi †nvmvBb 100

Kv‡ji Avqbvq bvixgyw³i nvjPvj/Gg G Avwjg 108nvq ¯cœ! nvq mf¨Zv!/wjUb `vm 114

ag©wek¦v‡m hyw³i msKU/ˆmKZ †PŠayix 116

Abyev`

gy³wPš—K cwiwPwZ/W¨vb evK©vi ; Abyev` : wgwniKvwš— †PŠayix 122

cÖeÜ

hyw³ I hyw³ev`/Abš— weRq `vk 125

m¤úv`Kxq

AvÜv‡i fiv ivwZ, Av‡jqv R¡vjvq evwZ|ej bv, ej bv, †K hvwe, Avb‡Z †fvi ... \

gvbyl Zvi GB Avcb gvZ…f~wg‡Z c`PviYvi mgq †_‡K Lyu‡R wdi‡Q wb‡Ri wkKo| GB wkKo LyuR‡Z wM‡q gvbyl ev‡iev‡i bvbv cÖ‡kœim¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q, DËi Lyu‡R‡Q Avcb g‡b| KLbI †c‡q‡Q wKQy wKQy DËi cÖZ¨¶ cÖgvYÑe¨vL¨vÑwe‡k­l‡Yi gva¨‡g Avi KLbIev nvZ‡onvZ‡o Pj‡Q, GLbI| †KDev DËi LyuR‡Z wM‡q ˆah© nvwi‡q wKsev ¯v‡_©i †jv‡f ˆZwi K‡i‡Q wb‡Ri gbMov e¨vL¨v, cÖ_v Avi wbq‡gibv‡g †kvl‡Yi †KŠkj| gbxlx gvK©m ewY©Z Avwd‡g Avm³, we‡k­lYx ÁvbPP©vq D`vmxb †kªYxwef³ msL¨vMwiô gvbyl Zv †g‡b wb‡q‡Q|d‡j, ¸wUKq my‡hvM-mÜvbx mI`vMi wm›`vev‡`i f~‡Zi g‡Zv Avgv‡`i msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li Kvu‡a †P‡c e‡m Av‡Q hyM hyM a‡i|†fŠwZ‡Kvcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ WªvKzjvÕi g‡Zv Avgv‡`i i³ †L‡q wb‡Ri D`ic~wZ© K‡i Pj‡Q Iiv! wKš‘ Avgiv †`‡LwQ, BwZnvm memgq GBWªvKzjv‡`i wecix‡Z Ae¯’vb K‡i| WªvKzjv‡`i nvZ †_‡K Avcb aiYx i¶vi Rb¨ memgqB cÖ_vwe‡ivax Kv‡jvËxY©iv wb‡Ri Rxeb evwR†i‡L‡Qb| GB cÖ_vwe‡ivax wei“ׇmªv‡Zi hvÎx Kv‡jvËxY©‡`i ZvwjKv wKš‘ †bnv‡qZB Kg bq| GB ZvwjKvq †hgb i‡q‡Qb wLª÷c~‡e©iA‡bK gbxlx †Zgwb eZ©gvb Kv‡ji A‡bK Ávbx¸Yx; †hgb †MŠZg ey×, Pve©vK, e„n¯úwZ, gnvexi, AwRZ †KkK¤j, g¶wj †Mvkvj,Kwcj, †nivwK¬Uvm, G¨vbvw·‡Mvivm, wc_v‡Mvivm, †W‡gvwµUvm, m‡µwUm, nvB‡cwkqv, Avj­vd Aveyj û‰Rj Avj Avj­vd, b¾vg,RvwnR, Avey nvwme, Igi ˆLqvg, Be‡b wmbv, †Kvcvwb©Kvm, †eª“‡bv, M¨vwjwjI, wbDUb, WviDBb, Kvj©gvK©, †gix Ij‡÷vbµvdU,wm‡gvb `¨ †ev‡fvqvi, Aveyj û‡mb, KvRx Ave`yj I`y , KvRx †gvZvnvi †nv‡mb, Avãyj Kvw`i, Aveyj dRj, AviR Avjx gvZzeŸi,Avng` kixd, ûgvqyb AvRv`, Zmwjgv bvmwib cÖgyL| Gfv‡e µ‡gB ZvwjKv `xN©vwqZ Kiv hvq| Avgiv HwZn¨MZfv‡e Zvu‡`iBDËim~wi| eyw×i gyw³ Ges gy³eyw×i Av‡›`vj‡b, weÁvbgb¯‹ mgvR wewbg©v‡Y Avgiv †cÖiYv cvB GB `„pwPË gy³wPš—vi gbxlx‡`iKg© ú„nv †_‡K| Avgv‡`i †PZbvq gy³gb, PP©v Kwi weÁvbgb¯‹Zv Avi hyw&³evw`Zvi|

weÁvb, `k©b, mvwn‡Z¨i mgš‡q †ekwKQy cÖeÜ-wbeÜ, Abyev` QvovI mv¤cÖwZK Bmy wb‡q ïi“ nj hyw³i cÖ_g hvÎv| Avkv Kwi,cÖPwjZ a¨vb-aviYvi evB‡i †_‡K iwPZ hyw³ mKj‡kªYx cvV‡Ki MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cv‡e| Avgiv kª×vi mwnZ K…ZÁZv cÖKvk KiwQ mKj†jL‡Ki Kv‡Q, hviv wb‡R‡`i cÖPÊ Kg©e¨¯—Zvi gv‡S mgq †ei K‡i, Avgv‡`i Rb¨ `yÕ Kjg wj‡L‡Qb, GB mv‡_ Avgvi Avš—wiKfv‡e¶gv †P‡q wbw”Q Zv‡`i Kv‡Q, B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I hv‡`i †jLv ewa©Z K‡je‡ii Kvi‡Y Qvcv‡bv m¤¢e n‡jv bv| Avš—wiKZv Avi wbôv _vKvm‡Ë¡I Gev‡ii msL¨vq Awb”QvK…Z wKQy fyj-åvwš— i‡q †Mj, cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Aby‡iva-GBmKj fyjåvwš— ¶gvmy›`i `„wó‡Z †`‡L Gesmv‡_ mv‡_ G¸‡jv awi‡q †`qvi Rb¨, hv‡Z fwel¨‡Z Avgiv ms‡kvab Ki‡Z cvwi| me‡k‡l, Avgiv ¯úófv‡e mevB‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡qw`‡Z PvB, GB msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ mKj †jLvB †jLKM‡Yi wbR¯ `„wófw½, AwfgZ Ges Z_¨msKjb; Gi mv‡_ weÁvb I hyw³ev`xKvDwÝj †Kv‡bvfv‡eB (cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e) m¤ú„³ bq| Avgiv g‡b Kwi, cÖKvwkZ †h †Kv‡bv welqe¯‘i mv‡_ †h †KD wfbœgZ†cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cÖKv‡ki R‡b¨ Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q cvVv‡Z cv‡ib| cÖKvk‡hvM¨ n‡j, Avgiv Aek¨B cvV‡Ki wfbœgZ AvMvgxmsL¨vq cÖKvk Kie|

Abš—

cÖeÜ

weÁvb wb‡q fvebveª“‡bv †_‡K AviR Avjx gvZzeŸiARq ivq

QvÎeÜz‡`i Rb¨ weÁvb wb‡q wKQz K_v ej‡Z n‡e, Aby‡iva G‡m‡Q-Avi G eÜz‡`i wk¶vi ¯—i gva¨wgK ev Zvi †P‡q Kg| GB Aby‡ivaKivi †cQ‡b Av‡Q e¯‘ev`x `vk©wbK AviR Avjxi `k©b I Zuvi ˆeÁvwbK gZ‡K Avwe®‹vi Kivi AvMÖn| AviR Avjx gvZzeŸi Avgv‡`i`k©bPP©vi †¶‡Î AvaywbK Kv‡j GKwU D¾¡j ms‡hvRb| Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Zi“Y cÖR‡b¥i AvMÖn evo‡Q, GwU k­vNvi welq| wKš‘ AviRAvjx‡K eyS‡Z n‡j PvB weÁv‡bi PP©v Kiv, weÁvb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv| GB D‡Ïk¨‡K gv_vq †i‡LB GB ¶z ª iPbvwUi cÖqvm|

mvaviY gvby‡li weÁvb wb‡q i‡q‡Q bvbv †KŠZznj I wRÁvmv| Zviv fv‡e weÁv‡bi Kj¨v‡Y Rxe‡b G‡m‡Q ¯v”Q›`¨ I Av‡qm|Mi‡gi w`‡b, hv‡`i mvg_© Av‡Q Zviv ZvjcvLvi cwie‡Z© ˆe`z wZK cvLvi evZvm †L‡Z cv‡i, cv‡q nvuUvi cwie‡Z© mvB‡K‡j Po‡Zcv‡i, Mi“i Mvwoi cwie‡Z© ev‡m DV‡Z cv‡i, gvwUi RvqMvq kvbeuvavb iv¯—vi Ici w`‡q hvZvqvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †bŠKvq b`x cvi bvn‡q cy‡ji Ici w`‡q †n‡U mn‡R b`x cvi n‡Z cv‡i| AviI weË _vK‡j MÖv‡gI Kzu‡oN‡ii cwie‡Z© B‡Ui my›`i evwo‡Z emevmKi‡Z m¶g| weË _vK‡j kn‡iI Mvwo evwo wb‡q kvb-kIK‡Zi mv‡_ _vKv hvq, GI mvaviY gvbyl Rv‡b|

wPÎ : eªy‡bv

mvaviY gvbyl GI Rv‡b †h weÁv‡bi †`Šj‡Z K…wl‡Z djb †e‡o‡Q, bvbv ai‡bi ˆRe-A‰Re mvi e¨env‡i Rwgi Ee©iv kw³ ev‡o;cÖwZ wbqZ D”Pdjbkxj exR K…l‡Ki nv‡Z G‡m †cuŠQv‡”Q M‡elYvMvi †_‡K| nv‡Z cqmv _vK‡jB K„lK weÁv‡bi Gme my‡hvMmyweavMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| nv‡ji e`‡j G‡m‡Q K‡ji jvOj ev cvIqvi wUjvi| wKš‘ eo mgm¨v nj K…l‡Ki nv‡Z UvKv _vKv| ¶`ª Pvlx‡`inv‡Z cqmv †bB, Avi f~wgnxb‡`i RwgB †bB| myZivs K…wlI GLb Avi cuvPUv e„wËi gZ A‡_©i jwMœKiY ev Bb‡f÷‡g›U hv µ‡gBmvaviY K…l‡Ki bvMv‡ji evB‡i P‡j hv‡”Q| abx K…lKivB cv‡i A_©jwMœ K‡i K…wlLvZ †_‡K m¤ú‡`i Ici m¤ú` M‡o Zzj‡Z| ZvBabx K…lK‡`i N‡i GLb †kvfv cvq `vgx †mvdv‡mU, Kv‡Vi †Pqv‡ii cwie‡Z©| my „k¨ c`©v‡Niv WªBsi“‡gi cwi‡ek GLb `yj©¶¨ bqMÖvgxY cwi‡e‡kI| wd«R Av‡Q, iwOb wUwfI i‡q‡Q| A‡b‡Ki evwo‡Z kxZvZc wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’vI i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ `wi`ª K…lKiv A_©jwMœK‡i Pvl Ki‡Z bv cvivq Amg cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wcwQ‡q co‡Q Avi Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg †e‡P w`‡Z eva¨ n‡”Q abx K…lK‡`i Kv‡Q, Avi ZvBf~wgnxb‡`i msL¨v evo‡Q| MÖv‡g evo‡Q gvby‡li g‡a¨ Avw_©K e¨eav‡bi AmgZv| d‡j mvgvwRK fvimvg¨I webó n‡”Q MÖv‡g| GUvIwKš‘ weÁv‡bi `vb| ZvB Awbevh© wn‡m‡e wm×vš— G‡m c‡o †h, mgvRKvVv‡gv‡Z mgZv bv G‡b ïay weÁv‡bi Ae`vb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡qmKj †kªYxi gvby‡li DcKvi Kiv hvq bv, eis mgv‡Ri Avw_©K fvimvg¨ bó K‡i, m„wó K‡i cÖKU †kªYx‰elg¨ KviY DbœZDrcv`be¨e¯’v¸‡jv GKwU A_©evb †kªYxi m¤ú‡` cwiYZ nq| myZivs ˆeÁvwbK c×wZ D‡b¥‡li mv‡_ †kªYxnxb mgvR-D‡b¥‡li K_vIfve‡Z n‡e mgvRZ‡š¿i Av`k©ev`x‡`i ev Kj¨vYg~Lx ivóªe¨e¯’v wbg©v‡Yi fwel¨r ¯’cwZ‡`i|

mvaviY gvbyl GI Rv‡b †h, weÁvb wPwKrmve¨e¯’vq wec­e G‡b‡Q- UvBd‡qW-K‡jivq †jvK g‡i bv, MÖv‡gi ci MÖvg AvR AviDRvo n‡q hvq bv emš— †iv‡M| MÖv‡gI cÖm~wZ I wkïg„Zz A‡bK K‡g G‡m‡Q| h¶v †ivM AvR Avi Kvje¨vwa bq, Kzô‡ivM m¤ú~Y©

wbivgq‡hvM¨ Ges †Quvqv‡P bq| MÖv‡gi Awkw¶Z gvbylI Rv‡b G¸‡jv m¤¢e n‡q‡Q weÁv‡bi Kj¨v‡Y, weÁvbx‡`i wbijm mvabvq|weÁvb wb‡q gvby‡li Ab¨ai‡bi †KŠZzn‡ji Afve †bB| †m fv‡e wKfv‡e A‡bK`~i †_‡K gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ejv hvq Zv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q,A‡bKmgq webv Zv‡iI †iwWI-wUwfi h‡š¿i gva¨‡g| †m GI ï‡b‡Q ïay gvwUi c„w_ex‡Z bq, gvbyl Pvu‡` bvg‡Q, wewfbœ MÖ‡n hvb cvwV‡q†Kgb K‡i wfbœ‡jv‡Ki †fZ‡ii Lei c„w_ex‡Z e‡mB msMÖn K‡i Avb‡Q| G wb‡q Avgv‡`i †`‡ki gvbz‡li wRÁvmvi Aš— †bB| wKš‘Avgv‡`i †`‡ki meRvš—v d‡ZvqvevR †gŠjwfiv Gm‡ei e¨L¨v w`‡Z cv‡ib bv, KviY ag©cy —‡Ki evB‡i G‡`i †Kv‡bv Ávb †bB| AvikZkZ el© Av‡M †jLv Hme cweÎ Mªš’vw`‡Z weÁv‡bi †Kv‡bv K_v †bB, _vKvi K_vI bq, KviY ZLb AvaywbK weÁv‡bi Rb¥ nq wb|

wKš‘ G‡Zv †Mj A_©‰bwZK e¨eavb m„wó‡Z weÁv‡bi AccÖ‡qvM| AviI Av‡Q, mf¨ mgv‡R weÁvb iƒcvš—wiZ n‡q‡Q AÁvbZv,KzcÖ_v, AÜwek¦vm-ag©vÜZv I Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× jovB‡qi nvwZqv‡i| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i †`‡k, mvaviY gvbyl †Zv e‡UB wkw¶Z gvbylIweÁvb‡K †`‡L Avivg-Av‡qk, †fvMwejvm I Rxe‡bi gvb e„w×i DcKiY wn‡m‡e| weÁvb †h hyw³ev`x GKwU cÖwµqv hv AÜKvi‡K `~iK‡i Av‡jv Àvjvq, †m A‡_© Avgiv weÁvb‡K MÖnY Kwi wb| GLbI Avgv‡`i AMva wek¦vm wci ûRyi‡`i ZzK&Zv‡K| Avgiv wek¦vm KwiAvj­vn&Zvjv PvB‡j †ivMkh¨vq kvwqZ †h †Kv‡bv iyM&be¨w³ webv Ily‡a wbivgq n‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv GLbI cvM‡ji wPwKrmvi Rb¨†ivMx‡K g‡bvweÁvbxi cwie‡Z© wc‡ii Av¯—vbvq wb‡q †h‡Z AwaKZi ¯v”Q›`¨ †eva Kwi| g‡bvweÁvbxi wdwRI‡_ivwci cwie‡Z©Avgv‡`i Av¯’v wc‡ii SvoduyK, ZzK&ZvK, cÖnvimn kvixwiK wbh©vZbx bvbv D™¢U †cÖmwµck‡b| Avgiv wek¦vm Ki‡Z PvB †h, wc‡ii duyI cvwbcovi wµqv A¨vw›Uev‡qvwU‡Ki wµqvi PvB‡Z AwaK Kvh©Ki| Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi wc‡ii Avkxe©v‡` cix¶vq fvj dj Kiv hvq,PvKzix‡Z c‡`vbœwZ nq, gvgjvq †RZv hvqÑnviv‡bv wRwbm †dir cvIqv hvq-eܨvbvix Mf©eZx nq| wK bv m¤¢e nq wci-`i‡e‡kiAvkxe©v` I †`vqvq| myZivs wcie¨emvi †h k‰bt k‰bt DbœwZ NU‡e G‡Z Avðh© nIqvi wKQy †bB|

ïay `wi`ª Avi Awkw¶Z gvby‡livB wK AÜwek¦vmx Avi Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ? bv, †gŠjev`x Wv³vi-BwÄwbqvi-Aa¨vcK-weÁvbxi Afve †bBG‡`‡k| GgbZi AwfÁZv n‡q‡Q hLb A‡bK Wv³viB Zvi †ivMx‡K e‡j _v‡Kb Ò Avgiv †Zv †Póv Kwi gvÎ, fvj Kivi nvZ †ZvAvj­vn&i Kv‡Q|Ó wR‡Ám Ki‡Z B‡”Q nq, ÒAvj­vn&i hw` nvZ, Zvn‡j Avcbvi nv‡Z UvKv Myu‡R †`qv †Kb? gmwR‡` ev wc‡ii `iMvqaibv w`‡jB †Zv nq|Ó wKš‘ Avgiv wR‡Ám Kwi bv, cv‡Q Wv³vi mv‡ne i“ó nb, †ivMxi ¶wZ nq| †`kwU‡Z Kxfv‡e AÜwek¦v‡miAven m„wói †Póv Pvjv‡bv n‡”Q, Zv †`Ljvg XvKv-PÆMÖvg hvIqvi c‡_| wKQy ~i ci ciB †Kviv‡bi evYx DrKwjZ wm‡g‡›Ui ¯­ veemv‡bv n‡q‡Q iv¯—vi cv‡kÑ ag© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_©vq‡b; †KvbwU‡Z bvgvR †ivRv cvj‡bi Dc‡`k; GKwU‡Z †`Ljvg †jLv n‡q‡Q,ÒAvj­vn&Zvjvi ûKzg Qvov Mv‡Qi GKwU cvZvI b‡o bv .. ..|Ó A_P ag©e¨emvqxiv e‡j _v‡Kb †h gvbyl Avj­vnZvjvi †kªô m„wó, Zv‡KÁvb I we‡eK †`qv n‡q‡Q| GLb Avj­vn&Zvjvi B‡”Q Qvov hw` gvbyl Zvi GKwU A½ywjI bvov‡Z bv cv‡i, Zvn‡j †m ÁvbPP©v KxKi‡e, ¯vaxb wPš—v Ki‡e †Kgb K‡i ? Avi Ávbm„wói g~j PvweB †Zv ¯vaxbfv‡e wPš—v Kivi ¶gZv| Avi GwU Av‡Q e‡jB gvbyl Ab¨Rxe †_‡K ¯Zš¿ cÖvYx| A_P ag©e¨emvqxiv †Kviv‡bi GB evYxi g‡a¨ ¯we‡ivwaZv Luy‡R cvb bv| †Kviv‡bi AviI GKwU evYxÑgnvmo‡Ki euv‡K euv‡K ag© gš¿Yvj‡qi Kj¨v‡Y cÖ wk©Z n‡”QÑ Ò Avj­vn&Zvjvi B‡”Q Qvov †KD KviI cÖvY niY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó KxmvsNvwZK evYx R‡b R‡b †cŠu‡Q †`qv n‡”Q| Avi GRb¨B nq‡Zv miKv‡ii GK mg‡qi ¯ivóª gš¿x Gqvi fvBm gvk©©vj †mB HwZnvwmKDw³ K‡iwQ‡jb, ÒRxeb giY Avj­vn&i gI`y , Avj­vn&i gvj Avj­vn& wb‡q †M‡Qb|Ó

W. ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i Lybxiv wKsev mvsevw`K I wePviK‡`i nZ¨vKvixiv hw` e‡j †h Avgv‡`i B‡”Q kw³ †bBÑ Avgiv †Zv K‡jicyZzj Avj­vn&i B‡”Q‡ZB Pwj, KvR KwiÑ Avj­vn&B Avgv‡`i‡K w`‡q ûgvqyb AvRv‡`i Ici AvµgY Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, mvsevw`K IwePviK‡`i nZ¨v Kwi‡q‡Qb| mv¶¨ wn‡m‡e Av`vj‡Z hw` †Kviv‡bi Gme evYx Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq, Zvn‡j gvbbxq Av`vjZ Kx K‡i†Kviv‡bi evYxi wecix‡Z KvR Ki‡eb!

Avg‡`i †`‡ki Ávbcvcx weÁvbxiv Avgv‡`i mgv‡Ri mePvB‡Z ¶wZKi KvRwU Ki‡Qb hLb Zuviv e‡jbÑ cÖv‡Yi D‡b¥lmn gnvwek¦m„wói mKj ˆeÁvwbK Z_¨ gnvcweÎ MÖš’wU‡Z i‡q‡QÑ Avgiv g~L© gvby‡liv Zv eyS‡Z A¶g, Avi g~L© gvbyl‡`i †evSv‡bvi `vwqZ¡ GBag©e¨emvqx weÁvbxiv wbR ¯‹‡Ü Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qb| A_P Avgiv †Kb fy‡j hvB †h cweÎ MÖš’wU G‡m‡Q mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨| mvaviY gvbylhw` Gi evYx I gg©v_© eyS‡Z bv cv‡i Zvn‡j †Kvivb AeZxY© nIqvi gv‡b _v‡K bv, Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨wUB Amvi n‡q c‡o| KviY ag©cÖvYmij gymjgvb wek¦vm K‡i †h †Kvivb Ggb mnR mij mvaviY gvby‡li Rb¨ †jLv †h Gi gg©v_© eyS‡Z †Kvb Av‡jg ev e¨vL¨vKv‡iicÖ‡qvRb †bB| †Kb bv ag©cÖvY wek¦vmx g‡b K‡ib Bmjv‡g 3q †Kvb e¨w³ ev ¸i“i cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Avgiv cÖvqk fy‡j hvB †KvivbG‡m‡Q Avie‡`‡ki ZrKv‡j weivwRZ Avieevmxi mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vc‡U gyL¨Z cðv`c` AÜKviv”Qbœ GK `j gvby‡li gyw³i evZ©vwb‡q| ZvB GLv‡b mnR mij fvlvq ZrKv‡ji gvby‡li Áv‡bi ¯—‡ii K_v g‡b †i‡L mvaviY gvby‡li †eva¨ fvlv‡ZB m„wói K_v,gvby‡li R‡b¥i K_v, cÖvYxRM‡Zi K_v, gnvwe‡k¦I †R¨vwZ®‹‡`i m„wói K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| me wKQy m„wói g~‡j i‡q‡Q Avj­vn&Zvjvi gnvbB”Qvi cÖKvk GKwU gvÎ k‡ã ÒnIÓ| Avi G K_vwUB nj A‰Re-ˆRe gnvwek¦ m„wói cðv‡Z Avmj ZË¡K_v| Zuv‡K †KD m„wó K‡i wb,wZwb ¯q¤¢y Kv‡ji Avw`‡ZI wQ‡jb, Kv‡ji ciI _vK‡eb, ¯’vb m„wói Av‡MI wQ‡jb, ¯’vb wejywßi c‡iI _vK‡eb| †Kv_vq _vK‡eb,†Kgb K‡i _vK‡eb wek¦vmx‡`i Kv‡Q G cÖkœ Aevš—i| Ávbcvcx gnvweÁvbxiv Avgv‡`i AvcÖvY †evSvevi †Póv Ki‡Qb †h, cÖv‡Yi

ˆeÁvwbK m„wóZË¡ A_©vr cÖvYweÁvbxiv eZ©gv‡b hv ej‡Q Zv cweÎ gnvMÖš’wUi †Kvb bv †Kvb myivq ev †Kvb bv †Kvb Avqv‡Z weˉ—……Zi‡q‡Q| gnvwek¦ m„wói ZË¡ gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi (big bang) K_vI H MÖ‡š’ i‡q‡Q| weÁvb gn‡j cÖvYm„wó Z‡Ë¡I †kl K_v ejv n‡q‡QGgbwU `vwe Kiv nq wb| wKš‘ †KvivwbK ˆeÁvwb‡Kiv BwZg‡a¨B weÁvbx‡`i Amy¤ú~Y© Z‡Ë¡i mg_©b Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb H MÖ‡š’| Avignvwek¦ m„wó Z‡Ë¡iI †kl K_v ejvi mgq GLbI nq wb| c`v_©we`‡`i Kv‡Q GLbI `ywU ZË¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Q| GKwU njmv¤cÖwZK Kv‡ji gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q m„ó m¤cÖmviYkxj gnvwek¦ hv Avw`‡Z GKwU A‰ØZ we›`y †_‡K (singularity) hvÎv ïi“K‡iwQj| Avi wØZxqwU nj †R¨vwZwe©Ávbx bvwj©Kvi-n‡qj w¯’i wek¦ ZË¡ Ñ Gi †Kv‡bv m„wó Kvj †bB wQj bvÑ Abš—Kvj a‡iB GB wek¦wQj, Abš—Kvj a‡iB GwU _vK‡e, Gi †Kv‡bv jq †bB| ZË¡ `ywU ci¯úi we‡ivax| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b †h cÖgvY mv¶¨, cÖZ¨¶-AcÖZ¨¶Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q i‡q‡Q Zv gnvwe‡ùviY Z‡Ë¡i cÖwZB mg_©b †hvMv‡”Q| Z‡e †kl K_v ejvi mgq GLbI Av‡m wb| wKš‘†R¨vwZwe©Áv‡bi beZi cÖgvY I mv¶¨ Dcw¯’Z n‡j gnvwe‡ùviY ZË¡ cwiZ¨vR¨ ev cwigvwR©Z n‡q DbœZZi ZË¡ D™¢vweZ n‡Z cv‡i,GgbwK n‡q‡ji Z‡Ë¡I cÖZ¨veZ©b‡K G‡Kev‡i bm¨vr Kiv hvq bv| G iKgwU NU‡j Ávbcvcx weÁvbx‡`i Ae¯’v Kx `uvov‡e fvev hvqbv| †Kviv‡bi kvk¦Z evYxi fyj e¨vL¨v †`Iqvi Rb¨ G‡`i‡K Awfhy³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Avgiv fy‡j hvB †h ag© cy —K¸wj‡K wek¦v‡mi wfwË wnmv‡e †`Lv DwPr, †Kv‡bv weÁv‡bi gnvMÖš’ †hLv‡b weÁv‡bi me mZ¨B cvIqvhv‡e- G aviYv Aek¨ cwiZ¨vR¨| Zv bv n‡j wek¦v‡mi wfwËUvB b‡o DV‡e| weÁvb I ag© GK wRwbm bq| `ywU‡K ¸wj‡q †djvI wVKn‡e bv| ag© wek¦v‡mi e¯‘, Ñ GLv‡b hyw³, wRÁvmv Avi AbymwÜrmvi ¯’vb †bB| wKš‘ weÁvb hyw³ (logic), hyw³evw`Zv(rationalism), wRÁvmv Avi AbymwÜrmvi c_ a‡i G¸‡Z _v‡K| Avi ZvB weÁv‡b Pig mZ¨ ev †kl Ávb ev cig Ávb e‡j wKQy†bB| weÁvb wbqZ bZzb mZ¨ D˜NvUb K‡i Ñ bZzb Ávb m„wó K‡i Anin| ZvB weÁvb‡K Kv‡ji MÊx‡Z †eu‡a ivLv hvq bv| A_P ag©Kvj‡K _vwg‡q w`‡Z Pvq Ñ Kvj‡K e›`x K‡i ivL‡Z Pvq| ZvB ag©MÖš’ wj `vwe K‡i †h, †hLv‡b †h K_v¸wj ejv n‡q‡Q Zv me©Kv‡jiRb¨, me© ’v‡bi Rb¨ mZ¨, Ges GKgvÎ mZ¨| GK K_vq gnvMÖš’ wji evYx¸wj kvk¦Z Ñ ¯’vbKvj Ab‡c¶| Avi GLv‡bB weÁv‡bi†KŠZznjx I wRÁvmy g‡bi mv‡_ a‡g©i wPikvk¦Z g‡bvfv‡ei N‡U msNl©| ZvB mf¨Zvi jMœ †_‡KB D`vi `vk©wbK I weÁv‡bi g‡Zimv‡_ Pv‡P©i I Ab¨b¨ ag©cÖwZôv‡bi msNvZ I msN‡l©i ga¨ w`‡q weÁvb‡K c_ K‡i wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| GB msN‡l© I ˆecixZ¨ ؇›Ø †klch©š— Rqx n‡q‡Q gvby‡li AbymwÜrmy gb I Rvbvi AZzj AvMÖn Ñ a‡g©i wb‡lavÁv Zv‡K weiZ ivL‡Z cv‡i wb|

Avgiv GLv‡b ¯§iY Ki‡Z PvB †h 406 eQi Av‡M 1600 wLª÷v‡ã 17 †deª“qvwi‡Z BZvwji ZrKv‡ji gy³gbv `vk©wbK wjIbv‡`©veª“‡bv‡K 6 NÈv a‡i ZrKv‡ji Pv‡P©i ag© i“ gnvgwZ †cv‡ci wb‡`©‡k Ôe­vm‡dwgÕi Aciv‡a A_©vr Ck¦i I Pv‡P©i wek¦v‡mi wei“‡× K_vejvi Aciv‡a AwMœ » K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| eª“‡bvi Kx Aciva wQj? wZwb †Zv wbixk¦iev`x wQ‡jb bv, wLª÷ ag©I wZwb Z¨vM K‡ib wb|wZwb mviv Rxeb kyay cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb †h Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q mvaviY gvbyl †_‡K Ck¦icyÎ whï ev Pv‡P©i cÖavb ag© i“ †cvc mevB mgvb Ñ Zuvifvjevmv mevi Rb¨B Amxg I Acvi| wKš‘ Pv‡P©i gZ wQj †h Ck¦‡ii fvjevmv Amxg ïay whïi Rb¨, †cv‡ci Rb¨, ag©hvRK‡`i Rb¨Ñ mvaviY cvcx gvby‡li Rb¨ Ck¦ivbyMÖn `qv I fvjevmv mmxg| GQvov eª“‡bv cÖPwjZ evB‡e‡j Dwj­wLZ m„wóZË¡xq g‡Zi wei“‡× wbR¯^`vk©wbK-ˆeÁvwbK gZev` cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Ñ c„w_ex I RxeRM‡Zi m„wó n‡q‡Q cÖK…wZK wbq‡g, ci¯úi m¤úwK©Z e¯‘KwYKvims‡k­lY-wgkª‡b, †Kv‡bv A‡jŠwKK Ck¦‡ii B”Qvq bq|

wVK GKB Kvi‡Y AvaywbK weÁv‡bi c_ cÖ k©K gnvweÁvbx M¨vwjwjI‡KI Pv‡P©i nv‡Z mviv Rxeb a‡i DrcxwoZ n‡Z nq ZuviˆeÁvwbK gZev‡`i Rb¨Ñ hv wQj Pv‡P©i wek¦vm-wei“×| †cvc Zuv‡K eva¨ Kivq G K_v ejv‡Z, †h Zuvi gZev` wQj wg_¨v I åvš—|AZ¨vPvi mB‡Z bv †c‡i e„× M¨vwjwjI †g‡b wb‡qwQ‡jb Pv‡P©i wb‡`©k| ag©‡`ªvwnZvi Aciva wb‡q M¨vwjwjI g„Zz eiY K‡iwQ‡jb 1642wLª÷v‡ã| wKš‘ cÖPvi bv K‡iI Avg„Zz Pvwj‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb weÁvb mvabv; wbf„‡Z wj‡L †M‡Qb Zuvi Avwe®‹v‡ii K_v| PvP© wg_¨v cÖgvwYZn‡q‡Q, weÁvbx Rqx n‡q‡Qb †k‡l|

Ae‡k‡l PvP© bwZ¯xKvi K‡i‡Q 1992 mv‡j 31 A‡±ve‡i GKwU †NvlYvi ga¨ w`‡qÑ Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q ¶gv †P‡q †h †mw`‡bi†ivgvb PvP© eª“‡bv I M¨vwjwjIi cÖwZ, we‡kl K‡i eª“‡bvi g„Zz `Ê Kvh©Ki Kivi Rb¨| 406 eQi Av‡M wePviKv‡j mvn‡mi mv‡_ eª“‡bvcybe¨©³ K‡iwQ‡jb Zuvi `vk©wbK I ˆeÁvwbK wek¦vm, hv AvRI Avgv‡`i mvnm †hvMvq Avgiv hviv gy³eyw× I weÁvb PP©vi Abymvix|

ÒAvgvi wek¦v‡mi K_v Avcbv‡`i ej‡Z PvB bv| KvjB me w`‡q _v‡K, Avevi KvjB me niY K‡i| me wKQyB cwiewZ©Z nq,†Kv‡bv wKQyiB aŸsm †bB| †Kej, n¨uv †Kej gvÎ GKwU mË¡vB AcwieZ©bxq, kvk¦Z Ges me©smn Ñ Zv nj Avgvi mËv| GB `k©‡bie‡jB Avgvi AvZ¥v D¾xweZ nq, Avgvi gb cÖmvwiZ nq| ... ivZ hZB Zgmv”Qbœ †nvK bv †Kb, Avwg cÖfv‡Zi Rb¨ A‡c¶v Kie,Avi hviv w`‡b cÖZv‡ci mv‡_ wePiY K‡i Zv‡`i Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q iv‡Zi Zgmv ... AZGe Avb›` Ki , Ges mgMÖ‡K Zz‡j a‡iv hw`cv‡iv, Avi fvjevmv‡K fvjevmv `vI| Ó

GB Avgv‡`i c„w_ex, GB b¶Î, Ñ Giv †KD g„Zz i Aaxb bq| Ges cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kv_vI wejxb ev aŸsm †bB, Zv Am¤¢e; Z‡e Kv‡jic_ a‡i G‡`i Ges G‡`i Askwe‡k†li cwieZ©b N‡U _v‡K| G¨vwi÷Uj †hgb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ôcig Ea© ev cig AatÕ e‡j wKQy †bB;gnv¯’v‡b cig Ae¯’vb †bB; GKwU e¯‘i Ae¯’vb Ab¨ †Kvb e¯‘ ev e¯‘wbP‡qi mv‡c‡¶ wba©vwiZ| gnvwe‡k¦i me©‡¶‡Î I me© ’v‡b

Aweivg NU‡Q Av‡cw¶K Ae¯’vwbK cwieZ©b, Avi ch©‡e¶K me mgq †K‡›`ª Aew¯’Z|Ó GB wQj eª“‡bvi `vk©wbK gZev`|Gi ci †_‡KB weÁvb PP©vi †¶‡Î, weÁvb mva‡Ki Kv‡Q eª“‡bv n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb gy³wPš—v Avi cÖMwZkxjZvi cÖZxK, Ñ weÁvb I

`k©bPP©vi iv‡R¨ Av‡jvKewZ©Kv| ïay wK wLª÷vb PvP© I cv`ªx‡`i nv‡ZB gy³gbviv wbM„nxZ n‡qwQ‡jb? beg †_‡K Øv`k kZvãx ch©š—Bmjv‡gi †Muvovcš’x cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi nv‡ZI wbcxwoZ I AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡qwQ‡jb gy³wPš—vi aviK Avie ˆeÁvwbK I `k©‡bi cwʇZiv|gyZvwRjv bv‡g cwiwPZ gy³ I †jvKvqZ `k©b‡K wbg©~j Kiv nq Aviexq ÁvbivR¨ †_‡K| Bmjvgx we‡k¦ Bgvg Mv¾vjxi f~wgKv fviZxqˆe`vwš—K `k©‡bi k¼ivPv‡h©i f~wgKvi PvB‡Z †Kvb As‡k Kg µzi wQj bv| †Muvovcš’x‡`i nvZ †_‡K †invB cvIqvi Rb¨ AvaywbKwPwKrmvi c_cÖ k©K Be‡b wmbv‡K (1037 wLª÷vã) µgvMZ cvwj‡q †eov‡Z n‡q‡Q, †R¨vwZwe© I fviZZËwe` Avj‡ei“bx‡K(970-1058) me© v M¨vwjwjIi gZ bZg¯—‡K g„Zz f‡q RR©wiZ †_‡K weÁvb I MwYZ PP©v Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| gy³wPš—vi aviK†R¨vwZwe© -MwYZÁ Igi ˆLqvg‡K †kl ch©š— i¶Ykxj‡`i f‡q cÖvY euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ weÁvb mvabv I gy³eyw×i PP©v cwiZ¨vM K‡icvwj‡q cvwj‡q †ewo‡q‡Qb Avi †klch©š— KweZv †jLvq AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb|

fviZe‡l©I i¶YkxjmgvR Pve©vK I †jvKvqZ `k©b‡K Mjv wU‡c nZ¨v K‡i‡Q Avi Zv‡`i iPbvewj‡K wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ aŸsm K‡iw`‡q‡Q| G `k©‡bi QvÎ I Abymvix‡`i hyMhyM a‡i wbcxob Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avh©fÆ, eivnwgwni I eªþ¸‡ßi gZ ÁvbmvaK‡`i a‡g©imv‡_ Av‡cvm K‡i Zv‡`i weÁvbmvabv‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z n‡q‡Q| c„w_ex †h m~‡h©i Pviw`‡K N~Y©bkxj Avh©f‡Æi GB g‡Z wek¦vmx n‡qIeivnwgwni‡K cÖKv‡k¨ ej‡Z n‡q‡Q Ôc„w_exi N~Y©b ZË¡wUÕ GKwU weKí c_ gvÎ, Avmj ZË¡ nj m~h©B Nyi‡Q, c„w_ex bq- hv cÖvPx‡bive‡j _v‡Kb|Õ wKš‘ †klch©š— weÁv‡biB Rq n‡q‡Q- mZ¨‡K Pvcv w`‡q ivLv hvq wb|

i¶Ykxj ebvg cÖMwZkxj - GB ؇›Ø weÁv‡bi AMÖhvÎv, weÁvbx‡`i Ávb mvabv †_‡g _v‡Kwb kZ cÖwZK~jZvi gv‡SI| Pve©vK I†jvKvqZ `k©b‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡jI fvi‡Z cybe©vi e¯‘ev`x mvsL¨ `k©‡bi Rb¥ n‡q‡Q, Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q bvw¯—K¨ev`, A‡Áqev`(agnosticism) I ey‡×i WvB-B‡iKwUK (Aw¯—-bw¯—) `k©b|

weÁvb Gfv‡eB AMÖmi nq mZ¨‡K Avwe®‹v‡ii AvMÖn wb‡q, bZzb m„wói †cÖiYv wb‡q| wKš‘ weÁv‡bi c_ nj hyw³i c_, †hŠw³KZvic_, cix¶v-wbix¶vi c_| MwYZ Avi R¨vwgwZi Zx¶è hwy³ Zvi wfZ- Zvi fvlv, ch©‡e¶Y Zvi Dcjwä- m¤¢ve¨ Áv‡bi AvKi,ms‡k­lY I e¨vL¨v Zvi A¯¿ | ZvB hyw³wfwËK mgvR Mo‡Z n‡j, mgvR-cÖMwZi c‡_ AMÖmi n‡Z n‡j, D`vi‰bwZK eûgvwÎKivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ Mo‡Z n‡j, weÁvb co‡Z n‡e, weÁv‡bi PP©v Ki‡Z n‡eÑ weÁvbx bv n‡qI weÁv‡bi Avwe®‹v‡ii gg©evYx¸‡jv‡KavZ¯’ Ki‡Z n‡e, Abyaveb Ki‡Z n‡eÑ Z‡eB bv Avgiv †jvKvqZev`x AviR Avjx gvZzeŸ‡ii Rxeb `k©b, Zvui weÁvbgb¯‹Zv,m‡e©vcwi GB gvbeZvev`x gvbylwUi Aš—wbwn©Z evYx‡K eyS‡Z cvie|

wPÎ : AviR Avjx gvZzeŸi

Avgiv BZtc~‡e© D‡j­L K‡iwQ weÁv‡bi Ae`vb A_©‰bwZK e¨eavb m„wó K‡i gvby‡l-gvby‡l| weÁvb hw` `~ieZ©x AvMš‘K iƒ‡cAwkw¶Z mgv‡R cÖ‡ek K‡i, †hgbwU Avgv‡`i mgv‡R AbycÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q Zvn‡j Avgiv Zvi evwn¨K ¯’~j Ae`vb‡KB e¨envi Kie, GiAš—wbwn©Z `k©b I evYx‡K AvZ¥¯’ Ki‡Z cvie bv, d‡j mgv‡Ri AMÖMwZ n‡e bv, wcwQ‡qB _vK‡e| A_©vr myBP wU‡c ˆe`y wZK evwZiAv‡jv e¨envi Kie wVKB, wKš‘ Rvbe bv Kx K‡i ˆe`¨ywZK evwZ Av‡jv †`q| d‡j Avgv‡`i Aš—‡j©vK AÜKv‡iB _vK‡e Av‡jvwKZn‡e bv| AviR Avjx gvZzeŸi we`z rkw³i cwiPq Rvb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ïay ZË¡MZ eB c‡o bq, evwZ R¡vjvevi Rb¨ MÖvgxY cÖhyw³ e¨enviK‡i WvBbv‡gv evwb‡q we`¨yrkw³ Drcv`b K‡iwQ‡jb| `k©b gv_vq _v‡K, Avi weÁvb gw¯—®‹ †_‡K †b‡g Av‡m gv‡VÑ mvaviY gvby‡liKj¨v‡Y| AviR Avjx GBwU Avgv‡`i †`wL‡q‡Qb, GLv‡bB Zuvi †kªôZ¡, GLv‡bB wZwb Avgv‡`i bgm¨|

†jŠwKK `vk©wbK AviR Avjx gvZzeŸ‡ii `k©‡bi g~j K_v nj wRÄvmv I cÖ‡kœi ga¨ w`‡q m‡Z¨ DcbxZ nIqv hvq, ZvB †Zv wZwbe‡jb, ÔARvbv‡K Rvbvi ¯ú„nv gvby‡li wPiš—b| .. GB iKg ÔKxÕ I Ô†KbÕ AbymÜvb Kwi‡Z Kwi‡ZB gvbyl AvR Mwoqv Zzwjqv‡Q

weÁv‡bi AUj †mŠa|Õ A_P ag©xqcy —K¸‡jv Avgv‡`i wewa-wb‡l‡ai MÊx‡Z Ave× †i‡L Áv‡bi ¯ú„nvwU‡K †g‡i †dj‡Z Pvq|ag©cy —‡K hv ejv n‡q‡Q ZvB Pig mZ¨ I cig ÁvbÑ Gi evB‡i Rvbvi †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb †bB †Kbbv Zv mZ¨ bq, cÖK…Z Ávb bq|AviR Avjx GB ag©xq†Muvovwg Avi AÜwek¦vm †_‡K Avgv‡`i gyw³i c_ evrwj‡q‡Qb| GB c_ †`Lv‡bvi Av‡jv wZwb Dcnvi w`‡q‡QbZvi cÖ_g MÖš’ Ôm‡Z¨i mÜv‡bÕi ga¨ w`‡q| RvwZi Kv‡Q Zvi †kªô Dcnvi| m‡Z¨i mÜvb‡K wZwb e‡j‡Qb Ô†jŠwKK `k©bÕ- Gi A_©RbM‡Yi `k©b, Bn‡jv‡Ki `k©b| eûkZvãx Av‡M Pve©vK I e„n¯úwZ Bn‡jŠwKK ev e¯‘ev`x `k©‡bi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb Ô†jvKvqZ `k©bÕ|gvZzeŸi GKwesk kZ‡Ki Øvi cÖv‡š— G‡m Avgv‡`i Rb¨ bZzb K‡i Dcnvi w`‡jb bZzb K‡je‡i Ô†jvKvqZ `k©bÕ| wZwb weÁv‡bimviK_v mij fvlvq PgrKvifv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, Avi Gi ga¨ w`‡q fveev`x `k©‡bi †Mvovq AvNvZ K‡i‡Qb, Ògvby‡li g‡b wRÁvmviAš— bvB| .. eZ©gvb hyMwU weÁv‡bi hyM Ges hyw³ev‡`iI| weÁvb c„w_exi ey‡K AvZ¥kw³ ev ¯gwngvq cÖwZôv jvf Kwiqv‡Q, KvnviIAbyK¤úvq bq| ... Avcwb hw` weÁv‡bi `vb MÖnY Kwi‡Z bv Pv‡nb, Zvnv nB‡j hvbevnb we‡`k mdi I Rvgv-Kvco Z¨vM Ki“b GesKvMR-Kj‡gi e¨envi I cy —K cov Z¨vM Kwiqv gyL¯— wk¶v Ki“b| Bnvi †KvbwU Kiv Avcbvi c‡¶ m¤¢e ? ... gvbyl weÁv‡bi Kv‡QFYx| wKš‘ mgv‡R Ggb GK †kªYxi †jvK †`wL‡Z cvIqv hvq, hvnviv nv‡Z Nwo I P‡¶ Pkgv AvuwUqv gvB‡K e³…Zv K‡ib Avi e¯‘ev`ewjqv weÁvb‡K N„Yv I e¯‘ev`x ewjqv weÁvbx‡`i AeÁv K‡ib| A_P Zuvnviv fvweqv †`‡Lb bv †h, fveev`xiv e¯‘ev`x‡`i †cvl¨|weÁvb gvbyl‡K cvjb K‡i| wKš‘ ag© gvbyl‡K cvjb K‡i bv, eis gvbyl ag©‡K cvjb K‡i Ges cÖwZcvjbI| ‡Kv‡bv iKg †Muvovgx‡KcÖkªq bv w`‡q cÖ‡Z¨K ag©‡K h_vm¤¢e Kzms¯‹vi gy³ Kiv DwPZ| Kzms¯‹vi Z¨vM Kivi A_© Ôag©‡K Z¨vM KivÕ b‡n| hw` †Kn Kzms¯‹viZ¨vM Kwi‡Z Awb”QyK nb Ges ewj‡Z Pv‡nb †h, Kzms¯‹vi Z¨vM Kwi‡j ag© _vwK‡e bv, Zvnv nB‡j g‡b Avwm‡Z cv‡i †h, ag©iv‡R¨ wKKzms¯‹vi wfbœ Avi wKQyB bvB? .. .. Avgv‡`i Awfhvb ïay AmZ¨ ev Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡×, †Kvb a‡g©i wei“‡× bq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU ag© _vwK‡ewg_¨vi AveR©bvewR©Z I cweÎ m‡Z¨i Ici cÖwZwôZ|Ó- GB A‡_© AviR Avjx AvR‡Ki hy‡Mi ivg‡gvnb, we`¨vmvMi| Avgv‡`ibgm¨| GB bZzb K_v wjL‡Z wM‡q, wPivPwiZ cÖ_vi wei“‡× ej‡Z wM‡q Zuv‡K cvwK¯—vwb ˆ¯ikvmK I i¶Ykxj †gŠjev`x‡`i nv‡ZwbM„„nxZ n‡Z n‡qwQj, bvw¯—KZv cÖPv‡ii Awf‡hv‡M miKv‡ii nv‡Z Kvivi“× n‡Z n‡qwQj| Avgv‡`i cig †mŠfvM¨ †h gyw³hy× ïi“nIqvq wZwb †gŠjev`x‡`i nvZ †_‡K i¶v cvb| gyw³hy‡×i ciciB m‡Z¨i mÜv‡bi cÖKvk m¤¢e nq, bB‡j GB `vk©wbK‡K nq‡Zv AviLuy‡R cvIqv †hZ bv| kZ AZ¨vPv‡ii gy‡LI wZwb AvZ¥mgc©b K‡ibwb, wb‡Ri gZev`‡K wemR©b †`bwb| wZwb G hy‡Mi eª“‡bv, whwb

eª“‡bvi Av`k©‡K Avi GKevi Zz‡j ai‡jb| wZwb Avgv‡`i wPi bgm¨|

cÖeÜ

Ck¦iB wK m„wói Avw` ev cÖ_g KviY?AwfwRr ivq

evUª©vÛ iv‡mj Zvi weL¨vZ `why i am not a Christian’ cÖe‡Ü cÖ_g KviY m¤‡Ü e‡jb :

ÔAvgv‡`i Av‡MB ey‡S ivLv `iKvi †h RM‡Zi hv wKQy Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, me wKQyi GKwU KviY Av‡Q| GB KviY‡K cÖkœ Ki‡Z Ki‡ZAvcwb †cQ‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q wM‡q Aek¨B cÖ_g Kvi‡Yi (First Cause) m¤§yLxb n‡eb Ges GB cÖ_g KviY‡KB ¯Ztwm×fv‡e ÔCk¦iÕwn‡m‡e a‡i †bqv nq| ... AvwgI eûw`b a‡iB GwU‡K ¯Ztwm× wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i wb‡qwQjvg wKš‘ GKw`b, hLb Avgvi eqm AvVv‡iv, AvwgRb ÷zqvU© wg‡ji AvZ¥Rxebx cowQjvg, Avi co‡Z wM‡qB †mLv‡b GB evK¨wU †cjvg : ÔAvgvi evev Avgv‡K cÖkœ Ki‡jbÑÔ†K Avgv‡K ˆZwiK‡i‡Q?Õ Avwg G cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z cvwiwb| wKš‘ GB cÖkœwU Avgv‡K AviI GKwU cÖvmw½K cÖ‡kœi w`‡K †V‡j w`j| †hwU nj Ck¦iB hw`Avgv‡K ˆZwi K‡i _v‡Kb, Z‡e Ck¦i‡K ˆZwi K‡i‡Q †K?Õ Avwg GLbI g‡b Kwi ÔCk¦i‡K ˆZwi K‡i‡Q †K?Õ GB mnR mij evK¨wU cÖ_gKviY m¤úwK©Z hyw³i †`vlwU †mB cÖ_g Avgv‡K †`Lv‡jv| hw` cÖwZwU wRwb‡mi GKwU KviY _v‡K, Z‡e Ck¦‡iiI KviY _vK‡Z n‡e| Avevihw` KviY QvovB †Kvb wKQy _vK‡Z cv‡i (†hgb Ck¦i), Z‡e GB hyw³ Ck¦‡ii RM‡Zi Rb¨ mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨Õ

ÔweM e¨vsÕ ZË¡wU ˆeÁvwbK mgv‡R M„nxZ nIqvi ci ciB wek¦vmx‡`i g‡a¨ bZzb K‡i ÔcÖ_g KviYÕwU‡K cÖwZôv Kivi be DÏxcbvj¶ Kiv †Mj| 1951 mv‡j Pope Pius XII cw›UwdKvj GKv‡Wwgi mfvq e‡jB em‡jbÑ

Ôhw` m„wói ïi“ _v‡K, Z‡e Aek¨B GB m„wói GKRb mªóvI i‡q‡Q, Avi †mB mªóvB n‡jb Ck¦i|Õ

†R¨vwZwe©Ávbx Ges ag©hvRK RR© †nbwi †jwgwÎ (whwb ÔweM e¨vsÕ cÖwZfv‡mi GKRb Ab¨Zg cÖe³v)Ñ †cvc‡K web‡qi m‡½ Gai‡bi hyw³‡K ÔAåvš—Õ wn‡m‡e cÖPvi Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z civgk© w`‡qwQ‡jb|

B`vbxsKv‡j ÔKvjvg KmgjwRKvj AvMy©‡g›UÕ (Kalam Cosmological Argument) bv‡g GKwU `vk©wbK hyw³gvjv mvaviYwek¦vmx‡`i Kv‡Q LyeB RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q| wLª÷a‡g© `xw¶Z my k©b `vk©wbK Ges †ckv`vi weZvwK©K DBwjqvg †jb †µBM (WilliamLane Craig) 1979 mv‡j †jLv The Kalam Cosmological Argument eB‡qi gva¨‡g hyw³i GB aviv‡K mvaviY gvby‡liKv‡Q RbwcÖq K‡i ‡Zv‡jb| avivwU‡K wb‡Pi PviwU av‡ci mvnv‡h¨ eY©bv Kiv hvq :

1. hvi ïi“ Av‡Q, Zvi †cQ‡b GKwU KviY i‡q‡Q|2. Avgv‡`i AvR‡Ki GB gnvwe‡k¦i GKwU DrcwË Av‡Q|3. myZivs GB gnvwe‡k¦i †cQ‡b GKwU KviY Av‡Q|4. †mB KviYwUB nj ÔCk¦iÕ|

`vk©wb‡Kiv Kvjv‡gi hyw³‡K Zxeªfv‡e AvµgY K‡i‡Qb wewfbœ mg‡qB|1 GLv‡b Ôevûj¨ weavqÕ †m¸‡jvi cybi“‡j­L Kiv nj bv|Z‡e GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨vcvi D‡j­L bv Ki‡jB †eva nq bq| mewKQyi †cQ‡bB ÔKviYÕ Av‡Q e‡j †cQv‡Z †cQv‡Z wek¦vmxiv Ck¦‡iiKv‡Q wM‡q nVvr K‡iB †_‡g hvb| G mgq Avi Zviv †hb †Kvb KviY Lyu‡R cvb bv| gnvwe‡k¦i RwUjZv‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ hw` Ck¦ibvgK GKwU mËvi Avg`vwb Ki‡ZB nq, Z‡e †mB Ck¦i‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi Rb¨ GKB hyw³‡Z Av‡iKwU ÔCk¦iÕ‡K KviY wn‡m‡e Avg`vwbKiv DwPr| Gfv‡e Avg`vwbi †Ljv Pj‡ZB _vK‡e G‡Ki ci GK, hv Avgv‡`i‡K Amxg‡Z¡i w`‡K †V‡j †`‡e| GB e¨vcviwU¯vfvweKfv‡eB mKj wek¦vmxi Kv‡Q AvcwËKi| ZvB Zviv wb‡RivB ÔmewKQyi †cQ‡bB KviY Av‡QÕ GB ¯Ztwm‡×i e¨wZµg wn‡m‡eCk¦i‡K Kíbv K‡i _v‡Kb Avi †mv”Pvi †NvlYv K‡ibÑÔCk¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡i †cQ‡b †Kv‡bv Kvi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|Õ mgm¨v nj †h, GBe¨wZµgwU †Kb ïay Ck¦‡ii †¶‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e, gnvwe‡k¦i †¶‡Î †Kb bq, Gi †Kv‡bv hyw³MÖvn¨ e¨vL¨v Zviv w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|

`k©b †Q‡o Gevi weÁv‡bi w`‡K †PvL †div‡bv hvK| Ôhvi ïi“ Av‡Q Zvi †cQ‡b KviY _vK‡ZB n‡eÕÑKvjv‡gi hyw³gvjvi cÖv_wgKavcwU‡K weÁv‡bi RM‡Z A‡bK Av‡MB LÊb Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviYwenxb †Kvqv›Uvg d¬vKPz‡qk‡bi D`vniY nvwRi K‡i| AvYweKcwie„wË (Atomic Transition), AvYweK wbDwK¬qv‡mi †ZRw¯Œq Ae¶‡qi Radio Active Decay of nuclei) g‡Zv †Kvqv›Uvg NUbvmg~nÔKviYwenxb NUbvÕ wn‡m‡e B‡Zvg‡a¨B ˆeÁvwbK mgv‡R ¯xK…Z| nvB‡Rbev‡M©i AwbðqZv ZË¡ (uncertainty principle) Abyhvqx

mvgvb¨ mg‡qi Rb¨ kw³ (hv E=mc2 m~‡Îi gva¨‡g, kw³ I f‡ii mgZzj¨Zv cÖKvk K‡i) Drcbœ I webvk NU‡Zcv‡iѯZtù~Z©fv‡eчKv‡bv KviY QvovB| GBmeB cixw¶Z mZ¨| Kv‡RB Dc‡ii D`vniY¸‡jvB Kvjv‡gi hyw³‡K LÊb Kivi Rb¨h‡_ó|

Avwg Avgvi †jLv ÔAv‡jv nv‡Z Pwjqv‡Q Avuav‡ii hvÎxÕ eBwU‡Z (g~j eB‡qi mßg Aa¨vq †`Lyb) Z_vKw_Z k~b¨ †_‡K wKfv‡e RoKwYKv m„wó nq, Zv wb‡q wek`fv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| GB aviYvwU‡K m¤cÖmvwiZ K‡i eû weÁvbxB AvR g‡b K‡ib GK KviYwenxb†Kvqv›Uvg d¬vKPz‡qk‡bi (Quantum Flactuation) ga¨ w`‡q GB gnvwek¦ m„wó n‡Z cv‡i, hv cieZx©‡Z m„ó gnvwek¦‡K ùxwZi(Inflation) w`‡K †V‡j w`‡q‡Q, Ges Av‡iv c‡i c`v_© Avi KvVv‡gv ˆZwii c_ myMg K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jv †Kvb KíKvwnbx bq| gnvwek¦ †hk~b¨ †_‡K Drcbœ n‡Z cv‡i cÖ_g G aviYvwU e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb GWIqvW© wUªqb 1973 mv‡j Ô†bPviÕ bvgK weL¨vZ ˆeÁvwbK Rvb©v‡j|2Zvici Avwki `k‡K ùxwZZ‡Ë¡i Avwef©v‡ei ci †_‡KB eû weÁvbx cÖv_wgK †Kvqv›Uvg d¬vKPz‡qkb‡i aviYv‡K ùxwZZ‡Ë¡i mv‡_ Ry‡ow`‡q g‡Wj ev cÖwZiƒc wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| k~b¨ †_‡K GB gnvwek¦ m„wói aviYv hw` A‰eÁvwbK Ges åvš—B nZ, Z‡e †m¸‡jv cÖL¨vZˆeÁvwbK mvgwqKx (Scientific Journal) ¸‡jv‡Z KLbB cÖKvwkZ nZ bv| g~jZ ùxwZZË¡‡K mv¤cÖwZKKv‡j †ek wKQy cix¶vigy‡LvgywL n‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges me¸‡jv‡ZB GB ZË¡ AZ¨š— mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ G ch©š— DËxY© n‡q‡Q|3

wPÎ : Avu‡ ªwj‡›` (ev‡q) Ges Gjvb ¸_ (Wv‡b); ùxwZZ‡Ë¡i yB cÖvYcyi“l

Avm‡j Bb‡d¬kb ev ùxwZ wb‡q Avu‡`ª wj‡Û Avi Zvi `je‡ji mv¤cÖwZK M‡elYvi djvdj hw` mwZ¨ n‡q _v‡K Z‡e mwZ¨KviA‡_©B †mB ÔDËß weM e¨vsÕÑhvi gva¨‡g c‡biÕk †KvwU eQi Av‡M GK gnvwe‡ùvi‡Yi gva¨‡g G gnvwek¦ ˆZwi n‡q‡Q e‡j aviYvKiv nq, Zv‡K we`vq Rvbv‡bvi mgq G‡m wM‡q‡Q| KviY, mv¤cÖwZK M‡elYv ej‡Q, weM e¨vs w`‡q gnvwe‡k¦i ïi“ bq, eis gnvwe‡k¦iïi“ n‡q‡Q Bb‡d¬kb w`‡q| A_©vr weM e¨vs Gi c‡i Bb‡d¬k‡bi gva¨‡g gnvwek¦ ˆZix (hv wKQyw`b Av‡MI mwZ¨ e‡j fvev nZ) nqwb,eis Bb‡d¬k‡bi djkÖ“wZ‡ZB wKš‘ weM e¨vs n‡q‡Q, Zvici m„ó n‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i gnvwek¦| Zvi K_vq :4

Inflation is not a part of big-bang theory as we thought 15 years ago. On the contrary, the big-bang is the part ofinflationary model

AviI gRvi e¨vcvi n‡jv, IB Bb‡d¬k‡bi d‡j ïay †h GKeviB weM e¨vs ev gnvwe‡õviY N‡U‡Q Zv wKš‘ bq, GiKg weM e¨vswKš‘ nvRvi nvRvi †KvwU †KvwU GgbwK Amxg-msL¨Kevi NU‡Z cv‡i; ˆZix n‡Z cv‡i AmsL¨ Ôc‡KU gnvwek¦Õ| Avgiv m¤¢eZ GgbBGKwU c‡KU gnvwe‡k¦ Ae¯’vb KiwQ evwK¸‡jvi Aw¯—Z¡ m¤‡Ü ÁvZ bv n‡q (G e¨vcviwU‡K ejv nq Ôgvwëfvm© ev Abš— gnvwe‡k¦iaviYv5)| wb‡Pi QwewU †`L‡j wj‡Ûi mv¤cÖwZK ùxwZ ZË¡wU (†hwUi bvg KiY Kiv n‡q‡Q Chaotic inflation) wK ej‡Z PvB‡Q Gm¤‡Ü nqZ wKQyUv aviYv cvIqv hv‡e|

†`Lv hv‡”Q, G ZË¡ Abyhvqx †KIwUK Bb‡d¬k‡bi d‡j m„wó n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ m¤cÖmvwiZ eyØy (expanding Bubbles) Ges cÖwZwUm¤cÖmvwiZ eyØy B Avevi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q GK GKwU ÔweM e¨vsÕ-Gi| Avi †mB GK GKwU weM-e¨vs cwi‡k‡l Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q GK GKwUc‡KU gnvwe‡k¦i| Avgiv G ai‡biB GKwU c‡KU gnvwe‡k¦ evm KiwQ| G ZË¡ AvR A‡b‡Ki gv‡SB ˆZwi K‡i‡Q Ôm„wó my‡Li Dj­v‡mKvucvÕ GK me©Rbxb `vk©wbK Av‡e`‡bi, G gnvwek¦ hw` †Kv‡bv w`b aŸsm n‡q hvqI, Rxe‡bi g~j mËv nqZ wU‡K _vK‡e Ab¨ †Kv‡bvgnvwe‡k¦, nqZ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv fv‡e, Ab¨ †Kvb cwim‡i|

wj‡Ûi g‡Z G Z‡Ë¡i mgvavbwU GZUvB mij †h, Gi Av‡M GwU weÁvbx‡`i gv_vq †Kb Av‡m wb, Zv †f‡e wj‡Û wb‡RB AevK n‡qwM‡qwQ‡jb| A¨v‡jb ¸_ hv‡K ÔBb‡d¬kb Z‡Ë¡i RbKÕ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq, wZwb Zvi `¨ Bb‡d¬kbvwi BDwbfvm© eB‡q wek¦m„wó‡KGKwU ÔAvjwU‡gU wd&ª jvÂÕ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i e‡jb :

`Most Important of all, the Question of the Origin of the matter in the Universe is no longer thought to be beyond of science. ...Ifinflation is correct, then the inflationary mechanism is responsible for creation of essentially all the matter and energy in theUniverse. ...After two thousand years of scientific research, it now seems likely that Lucretius (who said `Nothing can be createdfrom nothing’) was wrong Conceivably, everything can be created from nothing. And `everything’ might include a lot more than whatwe can see. In the context of inflationary cosmology, it is fair to say that Universe is the ultimate free lunch!’

A‡bK weÁvbx Ges `vk©wb‡KivB g‡b K‡ib, †Kvqv›Uvg d¬vKPz‡qk‡bi aviYvi mv‡_ mgwšZ Kiv Bb‡d¬kb ZË¡ hLb G‡Kev‡i k~b¨†_‡K wek¦m„wói GKwU cÖvK…wZK Ges †hŠw³K mgvavb w`‡Z cvi‡Q, ZLb Ck¦i m¤¢eZ GKwU ÔevowZ nvB‡cvw_wmmÕ Qvov Avi wKQy bq|

ZviciI GKwU K_v ejv hvq, weÁvb wKš‘ †Kv‡bv welq m¤ú‡K© cig ev wbLyuZ Ávb w`‡Z cv‡i bv| AvR‡K AvYweK ¯’vbvš—i,wbDwK¬qv‡mi †ZRw¯¿q wewKiY ev †Kvqv›Uvg d¬vKPz‡qk‡bi gZ NUbvi KviY cvIqv hv‡”Q bv, fwel¨‡Z cvIqv †h‡ZB cv‡i| †KDB †mm¤¢vebv‡K A¯xKvi Ki‡Q bv| fwel¨‡Z cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i gnvwek¦ m„wói ÔAvw`Õ KviYI| wKš‘ †mB KviYwU †h ÔCk¦‡ii gZgnvcivµgkvjx ÔmËvÕB n‡Z n‡e, GwU †f‡e †bIqvi †Kvb †hŠw³K KviY †bB, eis KviYwU n‡Z cv‡i m¤ú~Y©fv‡eB ÔcÖvK…wZKÕ| I‡qmgwimb Zvi `Must the Begining of the Universe Have a Personal Cause? A critical Examination of the Kalam’sCosmological Argument’ G e‡jbÑ

Ôm„wói me wKQyi †cQ‡bB KviY Av‡QÑG e¨vcviwU aª“e mZ¨ bq| Avi hw`I ev BwZnv‡mi cwiµgvq KLbI †ei n‡q Av‡m †h gnvwek¦m„wói †cQ‡b GKwU ÔAvw`Õ KviY i‡q‡QB, ZeyI GK_v †f‡e ‡bIqvi KviY †bB †h, †mB Avw` KviYwU ÔCk¦‡ii gZ GKwU e¨w³ mË¡vB n‡Zn‡e|Õ

gy³gbv c`v_©we` W. wf±i †÷sMiI GKB ai‡bi gZ e¨³ K‡i e‡jbÑ`Note that even if Kalam Conclusion were sound and Universe has a cause, why could that cause itself not be natural? As it is,Kalam Argument fails both empirically and theoretically.’

wUKv :1. Drmvnx cvV‡Kiv www.mukto-mona.com (World of science & rationalism page) Ges www.infidels.org. I‡qe mvBU ywU †`L‡Z cv‡ib|2. Is the Universe a Vacuum Fluctuation? Edward P. Tryon, Nature, Vol. 246. pp369-397(1973)3. we¯—vwiZ Z‡_¨i Rb¨ †`Lyb- The Inflationary Universe : The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins, Alan H. Guth, PerseusBooks Group (March 1, 1998)4. Self Reproducing Inflationary Universe, Andrei Linde, Scientific American, 1998.5. gvwëfvm© wb‡q gvwmK mv‡qÝ Iqv‡ì©i A‡±vei Ges wW‡m¤i Õ06 msL¨vq Avgvi ywU cÖeÜ ªóe¨|

cÖeÜ

gvby‡li weeZ©beb¨v Avn‡g`

ai“b, †`o `yB j¶ eQi Av‡M †Kv‡bv GK eyw×gvb gnvRvMwZK cÖvYx, Avgv‡`i Kíbvi †mB Doš— mmv‡i K‡i c„w_ex‡Z c`vc©YKij| †mB mg‡q Avwd«Kvi GK †Kv‡Y Ny‡i †eov‡bv Avgv‡`i AvaywbK gvby‡li cªRvwZ Homo sapiens †`i †`‡L Kx fve‡Zv Zviv?Zviv wK weeZ©‡bi cwiµgvq GB c„w_ex‡Z Avgv‡`i wU‡K _vKv wb‡q †Kvb eomo evwR ai‡Z ivwR nZ? Zviv wK fy‡jI Kíbv Ki‡Zcvi‡Zv †h GB cÖRvwZwUB Lye wbKU fwel¨‡Z mviv c„w_exUv‡K `Lj K‡i †b‡e? Pviw`‡Ki wbg©g cÖK…wZi mv‡_ †U°v w`‡q wU‡K _vKviRb¨ Kx Av‡Q Zv‡`i? cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQyB †bBÑ_vev †bB, aviv‡jv `vuZ †bB, wks ev †jvg wKQyB †bB, AZ¨š— `ye©j †`L‡Z A™¢yZ GKwØc`x cÖvYx! Rvwb, ˆeÁvwbK KíKvwnbxi gZB †kvbv‡”Q, wKš‘ e¨vcviUv‡K wVK Dwo‡qI †Zv †`Iqv hvq bv| GLb Zvn‡j cÖkœ Ki‡Znq, †m Ae¯’v †_‡K Avgiv wU‡K †Mjvg Kx K‡i?

ïay wU‡K †MwQ ej‡jI †Zv fyj ejv n‡eÑgvÎ †`o-`yB jvL eQ‡i dz‡j †d‡c msL¨v Qq‡kv †KvwU †Zv Qvwo‡q †MwQB, c„w_exe¨vcxcÖej cÖZv‡c ivRZ¡ KiwQ, B`vbxsKv‡j Avevi c„w_exi gvqv KvwU‡q gnvwe‡k¦i w`‡KI w`‡qwQ nvZ evwo‡q| wKš‘ Kx K‡i m¤¢e nj†mUv? ˆewPΨgq GB wekvj cÖK…wZ‡Z Avgiv wK Avm‡jB Abb¨? Gi DËi †Zv †mvRvmvÞv Ôn¨vÕ Qvov Avi wKQyB n‡Z cv‡i bv| gvbylGB cÖK…wZiB Ask, Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi gZB jvL jvL eQi a‡i cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bi cÖwµqvqB Zvi DrcwË N‡U‡Q| wKš‘ weeZ©‡bi GBcÖwµqv‡ZB gvby‡li g‡a¨ Abb¨mvaviY wKQy ˆewk‡ó¨i D™¢e N‡U‡Q hv cÖK…wZ‡Z †mfv‡e Av‡M KLbI N‡Uwb| cÖvK…wZK wbe©vP‡bigva¨‡g †KvwU †KvwU eQ‡ii weeZ©‡bi cÖwµqvq †h Kx ai‡bi Awfbe Ges RwUj ˆewk‡ó¨i DrcwË NU‡Z cv‡i ZviB mv¶¨ enb K‡iP‡jwQ Avgiv| eZ©gv‡b nvf©vW wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g‡bvweÁvb wefv‡Mi Aa¨vcK (wZwb GgAvBwUÕi gw¯— ‹ Ges †eŠw×K weÁvb wefv‡MicÖv³b Aa¨vcK, fvlv, fvlvi DrcwË I weKvk Ges Zvi mv‡_ weeZ©bev‡`i m¤úK©, gvby‡li gb, m‡PZb Ávb BZ¨vw` wel‡q ˆeÁvwbKMelYvi Rb¨ weL¨vZ) w÷‡fb wc¼vi GK mv¶vrKv‡i gRv K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔûU K‡i †`L‡j gvby‡li weeZ©b‡K †Zv AmvaviY e‡jBg‡b nq| †h c×wZ †_‡K kvgyK, eU MvQ ev gv‡Qi g‡Zv Rx‡ei Rb¥ nq Zv †_‡KB Kx K‡i Avevi Pvu‡` †cŠu‡Q hvIqv, gnvmgy ª cvwo†`Iqv ev B›Uvi‡b‡Ui Rb¥`vZv Ggb GK eyw×gvb cÖvYxi DrcwË NU‡Z cv‡i? Zvn‡j wK †Kvb ¯Mx©q ¯úk© Avgv‡`i gw¯— ‹‡Kwe‡klfv‡e ˆZwi K‡iwQj? bv, Avwg Zv g‡b Kwi bv, KviY WviDB‡bi †`Iqv cÖvK…wZK wbe©vPb cÖwµqv w`‡qB gvby‡li weeZ©b‡K e¨vL¨vKiv m¤¢e|Õ

gvby‡li Abb¨mvaviY ˆewk󨸇jvi g‡a¨ `yÕwUi K_v †Zv †PvL eÜ K‡iB ejv hvq : gvbyl GKgvÎ cÖvYx †h `yB cv‡qi Ici fi K‡i`vuov‡Z wk‡L‡Q, Avi Iw`‡K Avevi Lye AmvaviY iK‡gi eo gw¯—‡¯‹iI weeZ©b N‡U‡Q hv Ab¨ †Kvb cÖvYx‡Z NU‡Z †`Lv hvq wb|nvf©vW wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK, AZ¨š— mycwiwPZ RxeweÁvbx, GWIqvW© DBjm‡bi M‡elYv †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, 20 j¶ eQi Av‡M

†_‡K ïi“ K‡i AvovB jvL eQi Av‡M ch©š—I Avgv‡`i gw¯—‡¯‹i AvKvi cÖwZ GK jvL eQ‡i cÖvq GK Pvg‡Pi mgvb K‡i †e‡owQ‡jv|1weÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib †h, axiMwZ‡Z n‡jI GLbI Avgv‡`i gw¯—‡¯‹i weea©b N‡U P‡j‡Q| Avgv‡`i gw¯—‡¯‹i †h AskwU Avgv‡`ieyw×gËvi mv‡_ me‡P‡q Nwbôfv‡e RwoZ †mB †mwi‡eªj Ki‡U· †K hw` †U‡b d¬ vU K‡i wewQ‡q †`Iqv hvq, Zvn‡j †`Lv hv‡e †h ZvPvi c„ôv Ry‡o RvqMv K‡i wb‡”Q| Avgv‡`i me‡P‡q Kv‡Qi c~e©m~wi wk¤úvÄx‡`i †mwi‡eªj Ki‡U· †b‡e gvÎ GK cvZvi mgvb RvqMv,evb‡iiUv †b‡e GKwU †cv÷Kv‡W©i mgvb Avi Bu y‡ii †¶‡Î Zv †b‡e gvÎ GKUv ÷¨v‡¤úi mgvb RvqMv|2

cv_©K¨Uv †Pv‡L covi gZB, ZvB nq‡Zv mvd‡j¨i cvj­vUvI †ek fvix| wKš‘ weÁvbxiv GLb ej‡Qb, Dû!, gw¯—‡¯‹i AvKviUv AZ¨š—¸i“Z¡c~Y© n‡jI †mUvB †eva nq GKgvÎ KviY bq! Zvn‡j †Zv Avgv‡`i gZ eo gw¯—‡¯‹i AwaKvix wbqvÛvi_vj cÖRvwZi gvbylivIGKB iKg mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡ZvÑZv‡`i gZ cÖRvwZi †Zv Zvn‡j wejyß n‡q hvIqvi K_v bq| GKw`‡K gw¯—‡¯‹i weKvk,Ab¨w`‡K N‡U‡Q fvlvi DrcwË I e¨envi, Avi Zvi mv‡_ cvj­v w`‡q N‡U‡Q mvs¯‹…wZK weeZ©b Ges weKvk N‡U‡Q RwUj GK mvgvwRKe¨e¯’vi| gvby‡li weeZ©‡b G¸‡jv AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q hv nq‡Zv Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cÖvYxi †¶‡Î †mfv‡e cÖ‡qvR¨ bq|GLv‡bB †Zv †kl bq, MZ K‡qK j¶ eQ‡i AZ¨š— `ª“ZMwZ‡Z NU‡Z _vKv cwi‡ekMZ cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcviUv‡KI †Zv GB mgxKiY†_‡K ev` w`‡q w`‡j Pj‡e bv| GB cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡q wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ gvbyl hZ bZzb fv‡e Awf‡hvwRZ n‡q‡QweeZ©‡bi wbq‡g ZZB weKwkZ n‡q‡Q Zvi bZzb bZzb ˆewkó¨|

Avgiv Rvwb †h, GB gnvwek¦ cÖvq 14kÕ †KvwU eQi Av‡M m„wó n‡jI Avgv‡`i GB ey‡ov c„w_exi m„wó n‡q‡Q cÖvq mv‡o 4kÕ †KvwU

eQi Av‡M| GLb ch©š— cvIqv Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ ejv hvq, cÖv‡Yi Rb¥ n‡Z †j‡M wM‡qwQ‡jv AviI cÖvq GK‡kv †KvwU eQi| Avigvby‡li DrcwË? †m †Zv †m w`bKvi K_v! Avw`g GK‡Kvlx cÖvY, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, eû‡Kvlx cÖvYx, A¨vjwR, A‡gi“`Êx cÖvYx, wewfbœ†gi“`Ûx cÖvYxi DrcwË, weKvk ev wejywßi avc †e‡q, weeZ©‡bi PovB DrivB †cwi‡q gvby‡li Avw` c~e©cyi“l‡`i D™¢e NU‡jv gvÎ50-60 jvL eQi Av‡M| †m mg‡q gvbyl Ges Ab¨vb¨ ebgvby‡li gvSvgvwS ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ wKQy cÖRvwZiv cv‡qi Dci fi K‡i `vuovZwkL‡jI Zvi †_‡K AvaywbK gvby‡li c~e©cyi“l‡`i D™¢e NU‡Z †j‡M †M‡Q AviI cÖvq 30 j¶ eQi| Avi Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i cÖRvwZA_©vr Homo Sapiens †`i M‡íi ïi“ †Zv †mw`b, gvÎ †`o `yB jvL eQi Av‡M| f~ZvwË¡K wbq‡g wnmve Ki‡j c„w_ex‡Z gvby‡liAw¯—‡Z¡i e¨vcviUv G‡°ev‡iB Avb‡Kviv| ïay †Zv ZvBB bq, weeZ©‡bi avivq †hgb A¸bwZ Rx‡ei DrcwË N‡U‡Q wVK †Zgwb Zv‡`iGKUv eo Ask wejyßI n‡q †M‡Q| GKBfv‡e Avgiv dwmj †iKW© †_‡K †`L‡Z cvB †h, gvby‡liI wewfbœ cÖRvwZi DrcwË N‡U‡Q,Avevi Avgv‡`i cÖRvwZ Qvov evwKiv wejxb n‡q †M‡Q BwZnv‡mi cvZvq| weeZ©‡bi BwZnv‡m AwbqðZvi †Zv †Kv‡bv †kl †bB,WvB‡bvm‡ii gZ AwZKvq cÖvYx eûKvj a‡i c„w_exi ey‡K ivRZ¡ K‡iI †klch©š— nvwi‡q †M‡Q| mv‡o Qq †KvwU eQi Av‡M fq¼i†Kv‡bv cÖvK…wZK wech©‡qi d‡j gnvcivµgkvjx Wvq‡bvmi¸‡jv wejyß n‡q bv †M‡j †mB mg‡qi AZ¨š— bMb¨ ¯—b¨cvqx cÖvYx¸‡jvnq‡Zv GZ weKwkZ n‡Z cvi‡Zv bv| A_©vr, Ab¨vb¨ cÖvYxi gZB Avgv‡`i D™¢eI †Zv †Kv‡bv c~e© wba©vwiZ e¨vcvi bq| cÖL¨vZweeZ©bev`x RxeweÁvbx Ges dwmjwe` w÷‡db †R. ¸jW ZvB e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôgvbyl Av‡M †_‡K wba©vwiZ weeZ©‡bi †Kvb avivi †kl dmjbq eis gvbyl n‡”Q AvKw¯§Kfv‡e D™¢yZ gnvRvMwZK GK AbywPš—vi djvdj| wekvj kvLv cÖkvLvmn †h cÖvYe„‡¶i weeZ©b N‡U‡Q gvbyln‡”Q Zvi GKUv †Qv‡Æv kvLvgvÎ| GiKg wbwðZfv‡eB ejv hvq †h, GB Mv‡Qi exRUv‡K hw` Avevi bZzb K‡i ecb Kiv nq Zvn‡jGB kvLvUv Avevi GKB iKgfv‡e GKB RvqMvq Rb¥ †b‡e bv|Õ3

wPÎ : Pvj©m WviDBb

Avgiv Rvwb †h, †lvok kZvãx‡Z G‡m †Kvcvwb©Kv‡mi m~h©‡Kw›`ªK †mŠiRM‡Zi aviYvUv nvRvi eQi a‡i wU‡K _vKv ga¨hyMxq agx©qGes mvgvwRK ¯’weiZvi wfwˇK bvwo‡q w`‡qwQj| ZviciI †Zv cÖvq K‡qKk eQi †j‡M wM‡qwQj †mB mZ¨‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z|Avgiv Rvwb wKfv‡e eû evuavweNœ †cwi‡q RxeweÁvb †kl ch©š— Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z †ewi‡q G‡mwQ‡jv †mB ÔcÖRvwZi c„_K c„_K m„wóÕGes w¯’i cÖRvwZi gZev‡`i åvwš— †_‡K! cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv Avgiv Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQjvg Avgv‡`i DrcwË Ges weKv‡ki ˆeÁvwbKe¨vL¨vUv| Zvici cÖvq †`o‡kv eQi †K‡U †M‡Q, weÁv‡bi AZ¨vaywbK kvLv¸‡jv cÖwZw`bB AviI †Rviv‡jvfv‡e GB weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡imwVKZv cÖgvY K‡i P‡j‡Q, wKš‘ cÖvPxb wPš—vi APjvqZb †f‡O Avgv‡`i mgv‡R Zv wKš‘ GLbI RvqMv K‡i wb‡Z cv‡iwb| c„w_ex‡Z†h ¸wUK‡qK ZË¡ mg¯— cy‡iv‡bv Ny‡Y aiv i¶Ykxj åvš— wPš—v fvebv I cÖ_v‡K mg~‡j AvNvZ K‡i‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ weeZ©bev` Ab¨Zg|ZvB Zvi wei“‡× cÖwZ‡iv‡aiI gvÎvUv †h GKUz evovevwo iK‡gi †ewk n‡e Zv †Zv Rvbv K_vB| gvbe mf¨Zvi mgMÖ BwZnvm Ry‡oBAvgiv Gi cybive„wË †`‡L G‡mwQ| Ab¨vb¨ Rx‡ei weeZ©b wb‡q K_v ej‡j hvI ev wVK Av‡Q, wKš‘ gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi cÖm½ Avm‡jBAvgv‡`i gv_vq †h‡bv AvKvk †f‡O c‡o| †mB 1859 mv‡j Pvj©m WviDBb Ges A¨vj‡d«W Iqv‡jm hLb cÖ_g weeZ©‡bi ZË¡wU cÖ —veKi‡jb ZLb Pv‡P©i wek‡ci ¯¿x gyL †_‡K †h AvZ¼evYx †ei n‡q G‡mwQ‡jv, Zv †h‡bv AvR‡Ki w`‡bI cÖvmw½K e‡j g‡b nq| wZwbAvZ©bv` K‡i e‡jwQ‡jb,4 Ôebgvbyl †_‡K Avgv‡`i weeZ©b N‡U‡Q! Avkv Kwi †h‡bv GUv mwZ¨ bv nq, Avi hw` Zv GKvš—B mZ¨ n‡q_v‡K Z‡e P‡jv Avgiv mevB wg‡j cÖv_©bv Kwi mvaviY gvbyl †h‡bv GUv KLbB Rvb‡Z bv cv‡i!Õ mvaviY gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K mZ¨‡Kmwi‡q ivLvi cÖ‡Póv †Zv Avi bZzb wKQyB bq| GLbI wek¦e¨vcx †mB †P÷vi †hb †Kv‡bv KgwZ †bB!

WviDBb cÖ_‡g Zvi ÔcÖRvwZ DrcwËÕ eBwU‡Z gvby‡li weeZ©b m¤ú‡K© †Zgb wKQyB e‡jb wb (ïay e‡jwQ‡jb, ‘Light will bethrown on the origin of man and his history’); †mB mg‡qi mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Zvi GB wbðzcZvi KviYUv †evSv †ZgbKwVbI bq| 1857 mv‡j Rvg©vwbi Wy‡mj b`xi DcZ¨Kvq wb‡qÛvi_vj bvgK RvqMvq †ek wKQy Avw`g gvby‡li K‡ivwU Avwe¯‹…Z nq|

ZLb Rvg©vwbi cÖL¨vZ Aa¨vcK ¯‹vd nvD‡mb dwmj¸‡jv ch©‡e¶Y K‡i cÖ —ve K‡ib †h, G¸‡jv Avm‡j gvby‡li †Kv‡bv wejyßAvw`g cÖRvwZi nvo‡Mvo| G‡`i bvg †`Iqv nq wb‡qÛvi_vj gvbyl|5 ZLbKvi wkw¶Z mgvR wKš‘ Zvi K_v wek¦vm K‡ibwb| Iw`‡KWviDB‡bi wek¦ — eÜz Ges weÁvbx wU GBP nv·wj †m mgqB gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi welqwU DÌvcb K‡ib Ges Gc ev eb gvby‡li mv‡_gvby‡li mv`„k¨ Ges ˆemv`„k¨¸‡jv Zz‡j a‡i 1863 mv‡j `Evidence as to Man’s Place in Nature’ bvgK eBwU cÖKvk K‡ib| Gici WviDBb hLb `The Descent of man and selection with respect to Sex’ eBwU †ei K‡ib ZZw`‡b gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi welqwUeyw×Rxexgn‡j †gvUvgywUfv‡e mycwiwPZ n‡q †M‡Q| Ebwesk kZvãxi †kl w`‡K Rvg©vwb weÁvbx Av‡b©÷ †n‡Kj Zvi weL¨vZ Ôm„wóiBwZnvmÕ eB‡q wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, ebgvbyl †_‡K gvby‡li weeZ©b hw` mwZ¨B N‡U _v‡K Z‡e gvbylI bq Avevi wVK ebgvbylI bq Ggbai‡Yi ga¨w¯’Z dwmj cvIqv hv‡e| wZwbB cÖ_g weeZ©‡bi ga¨eZx© Ae¯’vi GiKg dwmj¸‡jv‡K nviv‡bv †hvMm~Î ev `missing link’

e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|6 Zvi K_vB mwVK cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡QÑ MZ GK‡kv eQ‡i Ggb AmsL¨ dwm‡ji mÜvb cvIqv †M‡Q hv †_‡K gvbylGes ebgvby‡li ga¨eZx© Ae¯’vi weeZ©‡bi avc¸‡jv ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q| ïay †Zv ZvBB bq, G †_‡K Avgiv ¯úó †`L‡Z cvw”Q †h,c„w_exi ey‡K wewfbœ mg‡q Avgv‡`i cÖRvwZi (Homo sapiens) gvbyl QvovI AviI Ab¨vb¨ cÖRvwZi gvbylI wePiY K‡i‡Q, GgbwKA‡bK mgq GKvwaK cÖRvwZi gvbyl GKB mg‡q Zv‡`i mw¤§wjZ c`PviYvq gyLwiZ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q Avgv‡`i GB aibx| GB gyn~‡Z©Avgiv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv gvbe cÖRvwZi Aw¯—Z¡ bv _vK‡jI AZx‡Z †h Zv wQ‡jv Zv wb‡q wKš‘ wØgZ cÖKv‡ki †Kv‡bv AeKvkB Avi†bB|

MZ GKk eQi a‡i weÁvbxiv gvbyl Ges G‡ci ga¨eZx© ¯—‡ii †h mg¯— dwmj Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb Zv †_‡K gvbe weeZ©‡bi GKUvcwi¯‹vi wPÎ cvIqv wKš‘ Avi †Kv‡bv KwVb e¨vcvi bq| GLb mgm¨vUv Avi Ôh‡_ó cwigv‡Y dwmj cvIqv hv‡”Q bvÕ Zv bq eis wVKZvi Dj‡Uv| GZ iK‡gi gvby‡li c~e©cyi“‡li cÖRvwZi Ges Zv‡`i ga¨eZx© ¯—‡ii dwmj cvIqv hv‡”Q †h Zv‡`i‡K cvi¯úwiKm¤ú‡K©i wfwˇZ wVK VvK gZ †kªYxweb¨vm KivUvB weÁvbx‡`i Rb¨ GK P¨v‡jÄ n‡q `vuwo‡q‡Q| weÁvbx Av‡b©÷ †n‡K‡ji g‡bvevÃv†h Gfv‡e c~iY n‡e Zv nq‡Zv wZwb wb‡RI Avkv K‡ibwb| Zvi Ic‡i Avevi MZ K‡qK `k‡K †WwUs c×wZi †h Af~Zc~e© DbœwZN‡U‡Q Zvi d‡j wVKfv‡e dwm‡ji eqm Ges cÖK…wZ wba©viY Kivi ¶gZvI †e‡o †M‡Q eû¸Y|

GQvov gvbyl Ges G‡ci ˆ`wnK MV‡bi Zzjbvg~jK wePvi †_‡KI eû Z_¨ †ewi‡q G‡m‡Q| GLb †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, gvby‡li mv‡_G‡ci cv_©K¨¸‡jv hZ †ewk bv cwigvYMZ, Zvi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk ¸YMZ| gvby‡li g‡a¨ D‡j­L‡hvM¨ iK‡gi wfbœ ˆewk󨸇jv n‡”Q :†K›`ªxq m øvqyZ‡š¿i AvKvi we‡klZ gw¯—‡¯‹i AvKvi gvby‡li A‡bK eo, eb gvby‡li mv‡_ Zv‡`i nvZ Ges cv‡qi AvKv‡ii Abycv‡ZIcv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q, Mv‡qi †jvg c‡o †M‡Q A‡bKvs‡kB, Pvgovi iÄKe¯‘ Ges ey‡ov AvOyj bvovevi ¶gZvI gvby‡li A‡bK †ewk| Av‡Mgvby‡li mv‡_ ebgvby‡li cv_©K¨‡K hZ eo e‡j g‡b Kiv nZ AvaywbK M‡elYvi d‡j Zv µgkt †hb K‡g Avm‡Q| A‡b‡KB GLbIweªwUk weÁvbx wiPvW© I‡qb (Richard Owen, 1804-1892) Gi ejv wKQy fyj Z_¨‡K mZ¨ e‡j g‡b K‡i e‡m Av‡QbÑ I‡qb g‡bK‡iwQ‡jb †h, wZwb gvbyl Ges ebgvby‡li g‡a¨ wekvj GK cv_©K¨ Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb hv w`‡q cÖgvY Kiv hvq †h gvbyl Ges ebgvbyl GKBc~e©cyi“l †_‡K weewZ©Z n‡q Av‡mwb| wZwb e‡jb gvby‡li gw¯—‡¯‹ wn‡cvK¨v¤úvm bv‡gi GKwU evowZ Dcv½ i‡q‡Q hv wK bv ebgvby‡lig‡a¨ †bB| wKš‘ WviDB‡bi eÜz wU GBP nv·wj ZLbB Zv fyj cÖgvY K‡ib, cÖK…Zc‡¶ gvbyl Ges Gc `yB MÖ“‡ci g‡a¨ GB DcvsMwUiAw¯—Z¡ i‡q‡Q|

G‡Zv †M‡jv GKUv w`K, Ab¨w`‡K †R‡bwU· Ges wR‡bvwg‡·i AvaywbK M‡elYv Ges ch©v‡jvPbv‡K ev` w`‡j †Zv weeZ©‡bi MíejvB GLb Avi m¤¢e bq| MZ `yB wZb `k‡K weÁv‡bi GB kvLvwU weeZ©bev` Ges gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi c‡¶ AZ¨š— kw³kvjx me Z_¨Ges mv¶¨ nvwRi K‡i‡Q hvi mv‡_ A½¯’vbwe`¨v Ges dwmjwe`¨v †_‡K Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e cvIqv Z_¨¸‡jv cÖvq ûeû wg‡j hv‡”Q|Avi `yGK RvqMvq †hLv‡b Awgj ev mskq aiv co‡Q †mLv‡b weÁvbxiv my‡hvM cv‡”Qb AviI bZzb bZzb M‡elYvi gva¨‡g fyj¸‡jvïa‡i †bIqvi| weÁv‡bi wZbwU kvLv †_‡K ¯Zš¿fv‡e cvIqv GB mw¤§wjZ Z_¨¸‡jv weeZ©bwe`¨v‡K AZ¨š— my „p wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZK‡i‡Q| MZ K‡qK `k‡K AvYweK Rxewe`¨v, †R‡bwU·, wR‡bvwg‡·i wewfbœ Avwe¯‹vi¸‡jv cÖv‡Yi weeZ©b m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Ávb‡KGK bZzb ch©v‡q D‡ËvwiZ K‡i‡Q| Pjyb Lye m‡¶‡c †`Lv hvK AvaywbK weÁv‡bi Av‡jvq Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`i weeZ©‡bi MíUv GLbKxiKg †kvbv‡”Q|

weÁvbx wiPvW© WwKÝ Zvi `Unweaving the Rainbow’ eB‡Z e‡jwQ‡jb †h, wWGbG n‡”Q Ôg„‡Zi †R‡bwUK eBÕÑAvgv‡`ic~e©cyi“‡li BwZnv‡mi †ivRbvgPv †hb Zviv| weeZ©bwe`¨v e‡j †h, Rx‡ei kix‡ii mewKQyB Zvi c~e©cyi“l †_‡K DËivwaKvi m~‡ÎcvIqv| Avi Gw`‡K wWGbGÕi g‡a¨ we¯—vwiZfv‡e †jLv i‡q‡Q †mB Kvwnbxi c~Y© avivevwnK weeiYxÑKLb Avgv‡`i c~e©cyi“‡liv

wKfv‡e weewZ©Z n‡q‡Q, †Kvb cwi‡e‡k wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ hy× K‡i‡Q, cÖRb‡bi BwZnvm †_‡K ïi“ K‡i †Kv_vq KLb †Kvb wgD‡UkbZv‡`i weeZ©‡bi MwZ‡K wb‡q †M‡Q bZzb w`M‡š—ÑmewKQy †jLv Av‡Q Avgv‡`i wWGbG-i wfZ‡i| cÖRb‡bi gva¨‡g c‡ii cÖRb¥ˆZwii avivevwnKZv hw` wQbœ bv nq Zvn‡j wWGbG-Gi wfZ‡i †jLv Z_¨¸‡jv GK AYy †_‡K Av‡iK AYy‡Z, GK cÖRb¥ †_‡K Av‡iKcÖR‡b¥ Awew”Qbœfv‡e cÖevwnZ n‡Z _v‡K| cÖwZwU Rxe Zvi †`n‡Kv‡li wfZ‡i nvRvi j¶ GgbwK †KvwU eQi a‡i GB HwZnvwmK Z_¨e‡q †eov‡”Q| Avgiv †gv‡U MZ K‡qK `kK a‡i AvYweK Rxewe`¨vi cÖf~Z AMÖMwZ‡i d‡j mwVKfv‡e wWGbGi wfZ‡i †jLv GBZ_¨¸‡jv co‡Z Ges eyS‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ| W. wiPvW© WwKÝ g‡b K‡ib †h c„w_ex‡Z hw` GKUvI dwm‡ji Aw¯—Z¡ bv _vK‡Zv, ev †KDhw` Zv‡`i‡K †Kvb g¨vwRK K‡i Dwo‡q w`Z, Zvn‡jI c„w_ex †Rvov Rx‡ei we¯Z…wZi c¨vUvY© Ges Zv‡`i †R‡bwUK Z_¨ †_‡KBm¤ú~Y© weeZ©‡bi BwZnvm eY©bv Kiv m¤¢e n‡Zv|7 K_vUv ïb‡Z AwZiÄY ev J×Z¨ e‡j g‡b n‡jI, AvR‡K GKwesk kZvãxi †Mvovq`vuwo‡q, AvYweK Rxewe`¨vi mv¤cÖwZK Avwe¯‹vi¸‡jv‡K GKUz gb‡hvM w`‡q eyS‡Z †Póv Ki‡jB †evSv hvq †h, K_vUv Av‡`Š wg_¨vbq|

gvby‡li wR‡bv‡gi wm‡Kv‡qwÝs ev Abyµ‡gi HwZnvwmK cÖ_g LmovwU cÖKvwkZ nq 2001 mv‡ji †d«eª“qvwi gv‡m| `xN© 13 eQi a‡ic„w_exe¨vcx wewfbœ †`‡ki weÁvbxiv GB cÖ‡R‡± AskMÖnY K‡ib| 2003 mv‡j Gi P~ovš— djvdj cÖKvk Kiv nq|8 Gi wKQyw`bc‡iB, 2005 mv‡j, Avgv‡`i weeZ©‡bi BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q Nwbô AvZ¥xq wk¤úvwÄi wR‡bvgI c‡o †kl Kiv nq| (Gw`‡K Avevi MZK‡qK eQ‡i Bu yi, †gŠgvwQ, B÷mn †ek K‡qKwU Rx‡ei wR‡bv‡gi AbyµgI †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q, www.ncbi.nih.gov/Genbank evwww.genome.ucsc.edu I‡qe mvBU¸‡jv‡Z GLb gvbyl Ges wk¤úvwÄmn wewfbœ Rx‡ei wR‡bv‡gi Abyµ‡gi we¯—vwiZ Z_¨ ivLvAv‡Q)|9 c„w_ex †Rvov 67 Rb weÁvbx GB wk¤úvwÄ wm‡Kv‡qwÝs G¨Û G¨bvwjwmm Kb‡mviwUqv‡g AskMÖnY K‡ib, †bPvi Rvb©v‡ji2005 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤i Bmy ‡Z gvbyl Ges wk¤úvwÄi wR‡bv‡gi ZzjbvgyjK we‡k­l‡Yi we¯—vwiZ Z_¨ cÖKvwkZ nq|10 b¨vkbvj wnDg¨vbwR‡bvg wimvP© Bbw÷wUD‡Ui (NHGRI) Gi wW‡iKUi d«vwÝm KwjÝ Gi g‡Z, GwU GKwU HwZnvwmK c`‡¶c| gvby‡li weeZ©‡biBwZnvm, kvixwiK MVb, wewfbœ ai‡bi AmyL wemy‡Li DrcwË eyS‡Z n‡j weeZ©‡bi avivq E™¢yZ Ges AZ¨š— KvQvKvwQ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœRx‡ei wR‡bv‡gi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i wR‡bv‡gi Zzjbvg~jK e¨vL¨v Acwinvh© n‡q c‡o‡Q|

wk¤úvwÄ Ges gvby‡li wR‡bv‡gi cix¶vi mv‡_ dwmj †iKW© Ges kvixiwe`¨vi Zzjbvg~jK e¨vL¨v †_‡K weÁvbxiv Av‡M wk¤úvwÄGes gvby‡li weeZ©b m¤ú‡K© hv †f‡ewQ‡jb Zv cÖvq ûeû wg‡j hv‡”Q| G‡`i eZ©gvb wR‡bv‡gi g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ cÖvq 99% Ges Zv‡`i†cÖvwU‡bi MVbI LyeB KvQvKvwQ| wWGbG-i mwbœ‡ekb (Insertion) Ges wejywß (Deletion) wnmve Ki‡j GB mv`„‡k¨i cwigvY `vuovq96%G| †cÖvwUb †j‡f‡j wePvi Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h Zv‡`i 29% wRb GKB †cªvwU‡bi †KvwWs G wb‡qvwRZ| A_©vr `y‡Uv gvby‡liwWGbGÕ Zzjbv Ki‡j †h cv_©K¨ †`Lv hv‡e, GKUv gvbyl Ges wk¤úvwÄi g‡a¨ †m cv_©K¨Uv gvÎ 10 ¸Y †ekx, wKsev ai“b Bu y‡ii mv‡_gvby‡li †h cv_©K¨ Zvi Zzjbvq wk¤úvwÄi mv‡_ cv_©K¨ 60¸Y Kg!11 weÁvbxiv j¶ K‡i‡Qb †h, gvbyl Ges wk¤úvwćZ wKQy wKQy wRbAb¨vb¨ ¯—b¨cvqx cÖvYxi Zzjbvq µgvMZfv‡e `ª“ZMwZ‡Z e`‡j hv‡”Q| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q kã †kvbv Ges †evSvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRb,

øvq~Z‡š¿i ms‡KZ Av`vb-cÖ v‡bi wRb, ïµvYy †Zwii wRbmn AviI K‡qKwU wRb| Gw`‡K Avevi †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, weeZ©‡bi avivq gvbylGes wk¤úvwÄi wWGbGÕ†Z Bu yi ev Li‡Mv‡ki †P‡q A‡bK †ewk cwigv‡Y ¶wZKi wgD‡Ukb N‡U‡Q| Zvi d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb Zv‡`iAmy‡Li cwigvY †e‡o‡Q wKš‘ Ab¨w`‡K Avevi Zv Zv‡`i‡K cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Awf‡hvwRZ n‡Z evowZ myweav K‡i w`‡q‡Q| weÁvbxivgvby‡li wR‡bv‡gi GB ai‡bi wgD‡Ukb¸‡jv AviI LwZ‡q †`L‡Qb| wk¤úvwÄ, Ab¨vb¨ cÖvB‡gU ev Ab¨vb¨ ¯—b¨cvqx cÖvYxi mv‡_Avgv‡`i wgj¸‡jv †evSv †hgb `iKvi wVK †Zgwbfv‡eB ¸i“Z¡c~Y© G‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i cv_©K¨¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e we‡k­lY Ki‡Z cviv|Zvn‡jB nq‡Zv Avgiv ej‡Z cvi‡ev †Kvb †Kvb cwieZ©b¸‡jvi d‡j Avgiv gvby‡l weewZ©Z n‡qwQ, wKsev wVK †Kvb †Kvbˆewk󨸇jvi Kvi‡Y Avgiv Zv‡`i †_‡K eyw×gËvq Ges mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e GZ Avjv`v n‡q †MwQ| B‡Zvg‡a¨B Avgiv GBai‡bi we‡k­lY †_‡K Ggb wKQy wKQy Z_¨ Rvb‡Z †c‡iwQ hv Avgv‡`i ¯v¯’ Ges wPwKrmv weÁv‡b wec­e NwU‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| †hgbai“b, †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, wk¤úvwÄ Ges gvby‡li mvaviY c~e©mywi †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q hvIqvi ci gvbyl Caspase-12 bvgK wR‡biKvh©KvwiZv nvwi‡q †d‡j hvi d‡jB †m GLb AvjRvBgvim ev ¯§„wZåsk (Alzheimer’s) †iv‡M Avµvš— nq| GLb Avgiv hw`wk¤úvwÄi g‡a¨ GB wR‡bi KvR¸‡jv‡K wVKg‡Zv eyS‡Z †c‡i Avgv‡`i kix‡i g‡a¨ Zvi cÖ‡qvM NUv‡Z cvwi Zvn‡j nq‡Zv GBgvivZ¥K †ivMwUi GKwU ¯’vqx e¨e¯’v Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i †R‡bwUK MV‡bi weeZ©‡bi BwZnvm †h KxNwbôfv‡e hy³, Zv GLb ax‡i ax‡i Avgv‡`i mvg‡b cwi¯‹vi n‡q DV‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Q|

MZ kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K wKš‘ gvby‡li †Zgb †Kvb ga¨eZx© dwm‡ji mÜvb cvIqv hvqwb, A‡b‡KB ZLb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h, gvbyl nq‡ZvAb¨vb¨ ebgvby‡li †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv cÖvq 5 †KvwU eQi Av‡M| Zvici ax‡i ax‡i hLb AviI A‡bK dwmj cvIqv †h‡Zïi“ Ki‡jv, Gw`‡K Avevi weÁvbxiv gvby‡li mv‡_ Iivs IUvs, Mwijv, wk¤úvwÄi wgj¸‡jv AviI fv‡jv K‡i eyS‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb ZLbg‡b Kiv nq †h, nq‡Zv †`o †KvwU eQi Av‡M gvby‡li weeZ©b NU‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jv| wesk kZvãxi ga¨fv‡M wWGbGi Avwe¯‹v‡ii ciAvgv‡`i mvg‡b AvYweK Rxewe`¨vi M‡elYvi `yqvi Ly‡j hvq| mˇii `k‡K gvbyl Ges Ab¨vb¨ ebgvby‡li †cÖvwU‡bi GgvB‡bvGwm‡Wi Zzjbvg~jK we‡k­lY K‡i Rvbv hvq †h, weeZ©‡bi hvÎvq gvbyl Ges wk¤úvwÄi Avjv`v n‡q hvIqvi NUbvUv 50 j¶ eQ‡ii†ewk cy‡iv‡bv n‡Z cv‡i bv| Gw`‡K Avevi MZ wZwik, Pwj­k eQ‡i dwmjwe‡`iv Avwd«Kv †_‡K gvby‡li ÔAvavÕ Ges Ôm¤ú~Y©ÕAvw`cyi“l‡`i †h me dwmj Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Qb Zv †_‡KI wKš‘ Avgiv GLb GKB ai‡Yi Z_¨ †c‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ| Avi Gw`‡K AvR‡KiwR‡bvwg‡·i AZ¨vaywbK M‡elYv †_‡KI Avgiv G wel‡q AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv mv¶¨ †c‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQ| 2006 mv‡ji †g gv‡m GgAvBwUGes nvf©vW© BDwbfviwmwUi weÁvbxiv †bPvi Rvb©v‡j †h M‡elYvwU cÖKvk K‡ib Zv †_‡K †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, gvbyl Ges wk¤úvwÄ Zv‡`imvaviY c~e©cyi“l †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jv 54 j¶ †_‡K 63 j¶ eQi Av‡M Ges Zv‡`i Avjv`v n‡q hvIqvi BwZnvmwU †ekRwUj|12 weÁvbxiv g‡b K‡ib †h, m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Avjv`v n‡q hvIqvi Av‡M GB `yB cÖRvwZ ev DccÖRvwZi g‡a¨ †ek j¤v mgq a‡icÖRbb N‡UwQj hv Avgv‡`i †µv‡gv‡Rvg x Gi g‡a¨ Mfxi Qvc †d‡j †M‡Q| †K Rv‡b, G Rb¨B nq‡Zv Avgiv GZ j¤v mgq a‡iAvwd«KvRy‡o Ôbv-ebgvbylÑbv-gvbylÕ RvZxq ga¨eZx© gvby‡li ev wgwms wj‡¼i mÜvb cvw”Q!

GKUv gRvi Mí w`‡q †jLvUv †kl Kiv hvK| wk¤úvwÄ, Mwijv, Iivs IUvs mevi g‡a¨ †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi msL¨v 48, nVvr K‡iB †`Lvhv‡”Q †h, GKB †nvwgbqwWqv `‡ji m`m¨ nIqv ¯‡Ë¡I, gvby‡li †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi msL¨v n‡q †M‡Q 46| weeZ©‡bi ZË¡vbyhvqx Giv hw`c~e©cyi“l †_‡K weewZ©Z n‡q _v‡K Ges Ab¨‡`i mevi g‡a¨ 48 wU †µv‡gv‡mv‡gi Aw¯—Z¡ _v‡K, Zvn‡j Aek¨ Avgv‡`i‡K GLb cÖkœKi‡Z n‡e, gvby‡li wR‡bvg †_‡K `yÕ†Uv †µv‡gv‡Rvg †Kv_vq nvwi‡q †Mj? weeZ©b ZË¡ hw` wVK n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j †Zv GKw`b nVvrK‡i †µv‡gv‡Rvg `yÕ†Uv nvIqv n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i bv, Zv‡`i †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv iK‡gi wPý _vK‡ZB n‡e gvby‡li wR‡bv‡gi g‡a¨| Avihw` G ai‡Yi †Kvb bgybv G‡Kev‡iB bv cvIqv hvq Zvn‡j †Zv weeZ©bev‡`i gyj welqwU wb‡qB m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †_‡K hv‡”Q|Rxewe`iv cÖKí w`‡jb †h, †h‡nZz me ebgvby‡li g‡a¨ GLbI 48Uv †µv‡gv‡Rvg Av‡Q wKš‘ G‡`i `‡ji g‡a¨ ïaygvÎ gvby‡liB `yÕ†Uv†µv‡gv‡Rvg Kg Av‡Q Zvn‡j †evSv hv‡”Q †h, †kl mvaviY cye©cyi“l †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q hvIqvi ci weeZ©‡bi c‡_ Pj‡Z Pj‡Z †KvbGK mg‡q gvby‡li cÖRvwZi g‡a¨ Avw` `yÕ†Uv †µv‡gv‡Rvg mshy³ n‡q wM‡qwQj, hv Ab¨vb¨ ebgvby‡li †¶‡Î N‡Uwb| †kl ch©š—, GB†Zv wKQyw`b Av‡M, 2002 mv‡j weÁvbxiv †`Lv‡jb †h, Avm‡j wk¤úvwć`i †h 12 Ges 13 b¤i †µv‡gv‡Rvg (GLb Zv‡`i‡K 2AGes2B e‡j bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q) i‡q‡Q †m `yÕ†Uv gvby‡li g‡a¨ gy‡LvgyLxfv‡e mshy³ n‡q †µv‡gv‡Rvg 2 ˆZwi K‡i‡Q|13 GB`yÕ†Uv †µv‡gv‡Rv‡gi mshyw³i we›`ywUi MVb wb‡q we¯—vwiZ M‡elYv †_‡KI gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi BwZnv‡mi AviI AbK Z_¨ †ei n‡qG‡m‡Q, wKš‘ Zv wb‡q GLv‡b Avi Avwg we¯—vwiZ Av‡jvPbvq hvw”Q bv| Avm‡j G ai‡bi †¶Î¸‡jv‡ZB Avgiv ˆeÁvwbK ZË¡ wn‡m‡eweeZ©bev‡`i kw³ Ges mwVKZv eyS‡Z cvwi| †Kvb mwVK ZË¡ †_‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖKí ev c~e©vfvm †`Iqv m¤¢e nq hv A‰eÁvwbK†Kv‡bv wKQyi Dci wfwË K‡i †`Iqv m¤¢e bq| †hgb ai“b, gvby‡li kix‡i †Kvbfv‡eB GB nvwi‡q hvIqv †µv‡gv‡RvgwUi Aw¯—Z¡ Lyu‡Rbv cvIqv †hZ Zvn‡j weeZ©b Z‡Ë¡i mwVKZv wb‡qB cÖkœ Zzj‡Z eva¨ n‡Zb weÁvbxgnj|

GQvovI gvbyl Ges wk¤úvwÄi wR‡bvg we‡k­lY †_‡K weÁvbxiv gvby‡li gw¯—‡¯‹i AZ¨š— `ª“Z weKv‡ki Rb¨ `vqx wRb¸‡jv, Zv‡`iweKv‡ki mgqmxgv, wewfbœ ai‡bi †cÖvwU‡bi MVb, ebgvbyl‡`i g‡a¨ NÖvYkw³i †jvc Ges †mB mv‡_ mv‡_ kw³kvjx `„wókw³i weKv‡kig‡Zv AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK Z_¨ †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i‡Qb| GgAvBwU Ges nvf©vW© BDwbf©viwmwUi eªW Bbw÷wUD‡Uim`m¨ weÁvbx wU wg‡Kjm‡bi g‡Z, AvMvgx K‡qK eQ‡i AviI A‡bK ¯—b¨cvqx cÖvYx Ges cÖvB‡g‡Ui wR‡bv‡gi Abyµg †ei K‡i †djvhv‡e, †mLvb †_‡K Lye mn‡RB gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx we‡kl wWGbGi Abyµg¸‡jv †ewo‡q co‡e| gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi cÖavbˆewk󨸇jv, †hgb ai“b, `yB cv‡qi Dci fi K‡i `vuov‡Z cviv, gw¯—‡¯‹i weea©b ev RwUj fvlvMZ `¶Zvi g‡Zv weeZ©‡bi we‡klavc¸‡jv‡Z Kx ai‡bi †R‡bwUK cwieZ©b KvR K‡iwQj †m¸‡jv Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡Z cvi‡j nq‡Zv Avgiv gvby‡li weeZ©‡bi GKUv m¤ú~Y©iƒc‡iLv ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡ev|14 Avevi Ab¨ w`‡K GB †R‡bwUK cwieZ©b¸‡jv Zv‡`i‡K wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ wK we‡kl ai‡bi myweavK‡i w`‡qwQjÑG¸‡jv wK Zv‡`i cwieZ©bkxj cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z evowZ myweav K‡i w`‡qwQj bvwK `ª“Z PjvP‡j evcvi¯úwiK ms‡hvM cÖwZôvq mvnvh¨ K‡iwQj, bvwK mvgvwRKfv‡e `je× n‡q †eu‡P _vKvi ¶gZv hywM‡qwQj-GB cÖkœ ‡jvi Dˇiig‡a¨B nq‡Zv jywK‡q i‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i DrcwË Ges weKv‡ki `xN© BwZnv‡mi inm¨|

Z_¨m~Î

1. DiChristine M, 2006, Becoming Human, Scientific AmericanScience Magazne:Special Edition, p.1.2. Calvin W. 2006, The Emergence of Intelligence, ScientificAmerican:Special Edition, pp 85.3. Gould, S, J: Understanding Evolution, PBS Website : (http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/08/1/l_081_06.html4. Skybreak, A. 2006, The Science of Evolution and The Myth OfCreationism, Insight Press, Illinois, USA.5 .AvLZvi“¾vgvb, g, 1998, weeZ©bev`, evsjv GKv‡Wwg, c„ôv 319|6. AvLZvi“¾vgb, cÖv¸³, c„ôv 322|7. Dawkins R, 2004, The Ancestor's Tale, 2004. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, New York.8. The Human Genome Project, http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/node30075.html 9. New Genome Comparison Finds Chimps, Humans Very Similar AtDNA Level, 2005, Science Daily Magazine. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/09/050901074102.htm10. Ibid11. Ibid12. Human and Chimp Genomes Reveal New Twist on Origin of Species,2006, Science Daily Magazine. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/05/060518075823.htm

13. Chimpanzee Sequencing and Analysis Consortium ,2005. "Initialsequence of the chimpanzee genome and comparison with the humangenome". Nature 437: 69-87 http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/DIR/Chimp_Analysis.pdf,Kenneth R. Miller, professor of biology at Brown University, delivered the keynote address at the University’s 242ndOpening Convocation Tuesday, Sept. 6, 2005. http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2005-06/05-013m.html, National Human Genome Reserach Institue4, 2005,'Scientists Analyze Chromosomes 2', http://www.genome.gov/135146214. New Genome Comparison Finds Chimps, Humans Very Similar AtDNA Level,2005, Science Daily Magazine. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/09/050901074102.htm

(…r pr 2y pàb pRun)