VSAT Definition

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Introduction to VSAT

Binariangs Very Small Aperture Terminal(VSAT) product line is designed to provide cost-effective telecommunications to a widearray of industries of domestic and regional services. VSATs are effective tools for WAN, LAN internetworking, multimedia imagetransfer, batch and interactive data transmission, interactive voice, and broadcast data and video communications.

VSATs DefinitionThe Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) provides for the transmission of voice, video and data via satellite. VSAT technology tosupport a wide range of applications and satellite technologies including the recent transmission of Internet services. Originally, theVSAT was created to distinguish it from the requirements of a large fixed earth station. VSAT now refers to a wide range of

capabilities including Geosynchronous and non-Geosynchronous satellites as well as stationary and non-stationary terminals.Binariang VSAT solutions for fixed antennas transmitting to Malaysia East Asia Satellite (MEASAT) supporting data rates between9.6 Kbps to 2 Mbps. Binariang's customized solutions include basic point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connections; digitaltransmission services on a single channel; and hubless connectivity among multiple sites.

Applications

VSAT antennas are used for international businesses requiring worldwide connectivity and allow organizations to manage informatiobetween a central office and regional or branch offices. The applications used by VSAT technology include disaster recovery, localaccess extensions, trunk redundancy and host-to-host communications. Industries such as finance and banking support transaction

processing and credit authorization; retailing and manufacturing industries oversee just-in-time management; and internationalinsurance and transportation companies oversee policy and account management via their international VSAT networks.

Why Use VSATs?VSAT networks provide rapid, reliable satellite transmission of data, voice, and video to an unlimited number of geographically

dispersed sites or from these sites to headquarters.

What Equipment Do I need for My VSAT NetworkEach site is equipped with a VSAT terminal consisting of an antenna, outdoor electronics mounted on the antenna for signalreception/transmission, and indoor electronics for connection to customer computer, telephone, and video equipment.

VSAT SizesThe size of a VSAT primarily depends on the data rate of each site. Depending on the site, Binariang typically supports VSATs from1.8m; 2.4m; 3.8m and larger.

Part 1Introduction to SCPC

SCPC is used for economical distribution of broadcast data, digital audio and video materials, as well as for full-duplex or two-waydata, audio or video communications.

In an SCPC system, user data is transmitted to the satellite continuously on a single satellite carrier. The satellite signal is received ata single location, in the case of a point-to-point system, or at many locations in a broadcast application, providing hubless connectivitamong multiple sites.

SCPC got its name from the older analog transmission technology, when a single satellite channel could carry only one data carrieWith today's digital technology, SCPC can actually operate in a MCPC (Multiple Channel Per Carrier) mode, with several data carriemultiplexed into a single digital aggregate. For example, two earth stations transmitting 64 kbps carriers to each other can actually

provide several compressed digital telephone circuits as well as full-time low speed data circuits if proper voice/data multiplexingequipment is added to each basic system.

Examples of SCPC VSAT Applications

Highspeed access to IP networksTelephony TrunkingReplacement of terrestrial circuitsBackup circuits for redundancy or diversitySupports multimedia capabilities--voice, data, fax and method to bypass PTTs or local infrastructure

SCPC Equipment


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Universal Modem (UMOD)High-Performance Satellite Modem

.Binariang's 9100 Universal Modem (UMOD) is a flexible, reliable and cost-competitive product. Designed to expand in functionalitand grow with your network, the 9100 offers a variety of bit-rates, interfaces, and configurations for economical network links nomatter where your users are located. The 9100 is fully compliant with the latest IDR, IBS, and SMS specification revisions, includingESC overhead and concatenated Viterbi/Reed-Solomon coding. It operates as:

A stand alone, open network modem for use with INTELSAT and EUTELSAT.

A stand alone modem for closed networks.

An integral part of the HNS Gemini Earth Station, a private digital data network for economical bypass of terrestrial land

lines.

Software controlled for increased flexibilityThe 9100 Universal Modem's software control gives you the flexibility you need to stay on top of your changing communicationsrequirements. The easy, hierarchical menu on a high-contrast display prompts the user for all the necessary configuration parametersThe configuration information entered by the user is tested for correctness before it is accepted by the system, preventing costlyconfiguration errors. All parameters may be controlled locally or remotely by your network management. The HNS 9100 UniversalModem is one of the most reliable modems available, with a high Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) rate. Key to its design are

built-in redundancy and automatic switchover circuits so your data network keeps on running, day after day, month in and month outBuilt-in self test circuitry enables you to determine easily and quickly network status and verify the quality of operation

GEMINI Earth StationUniversal Modem packaged with VSAT terminal

A typical SCPC Network

PRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT="The 9100UMOD's single card circuit

design provides greater reliability andsmaller packaging than multi-card designs


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The GEMINI Earth Station is available in both C-band and KU-band configurations.

The Gemini Earth Station (GES) combines all of the versatility of the 9100 Universal Modem (UMOD) with the advantages ofreliable and economical Outdoor Unit (ODU). The GES employs an integrated architecture that provides high performance at aeconomical cost. The GES is used in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks.The Gemini Earth Station offers the following advantages over conventional systems:

Low-cost VSAT stations

High reliability

Improved performance and versatility

Single Interfacility Link (IFL) cable

Easy operation and maintenance

No outdoor power source required

RF equipment controlled from inside the station facility

Simplified antenna pointing using a voltmeter

Integrates with other VSAT products such as Personal Earth Station (PES)

Local and remote monitor and control capabilities

GEMINI Earth Station ArchitectureThe Gemini Earth Station is available in both C-band. The station consists of an Indoor Unit (IDU), an Outdoor Unit (ODUInterfacility Link (IFL), Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for C-band or Low Noise Block and Antenna. The IDU consists of 910Universal Modem (UMOD) and an RF Interface Module (RFM). The 70 MHz IF output of the UMOD interfaces with the RFM tconvert the IF signals (TX/RX) for use by the ODU. The RFM board also contains a mux to combine all power, control antransmit/receive signals onto a single IFL cable.

Gemini Earth Station Specification

GEMINI Earth Station's integrated architecture provides

high performance at an economical cost.


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Interfacility Link (IFL)One coaxial cable - termination 'N' type connectors

Type I = 30 to 94 ft. (9.14 to 28.65 meters)Type III = 115 to 415 ft. (13.80 to 49.80 meters)

Universal Modem (UMOD):Modulation: QPSK,BPSKForward Error Correction: Viterbi, Sequential decodingCoding Rates: 1/2, 3/4, 1 (No coding)Operating Frequency Step Size: 100 HzUser Information Rates: 9.6 Kbps to 8.448 Mbps in 1 bps stepsUser Equipment Interfaces: RS-232, RS-449, V.35, G.703Plesiochronous and Doppler Buffer: Up to 512 Kbits (64 Kbytes) or 32ms

PhysicalIndoor Unit (IDU)

Dimensions: W= 17.3 in.,H= 4.3 in., D= 19.0 in.(W= 43.94 cm, H= 10.92 cm, D= 48.26 cm)Weight: 22.5 pounds (10.21 kg)Operating Temperature: 0C to 50COutdoor Unit (ODU)Dimensions: W= 7.5 in., H= 5.9 in., D= 12.2 in.(W= 19.0 cm, H= 15.0 cm, D= 31.0 cm)Weight: 18.1 pounds (8.21 kg)Operating Temperature: - 40C to 55C

Monitor and ControlFront panel keypad and display Terminal Interface command set (for use with ASCII terminal

Frequency Stability+/- 0.02 ppm 0C to 50C+/- 0.1 ppm. per year

Power RequirementsVoltage: 90 to 264 VacFrequency: 47 to 63 Hz

OptionsViterbi/Reed-Solomon concatenated codecInternal Framing Unit (IFU) for Drop and Insert operationMS Windows based Graphical User Interface (GUI) Monitor and Control System softwareEarth Station Monitor and Control System20 watt booster amplifier, C-band

Note: G/T @ 30elevation, mid-band,standard 65K LNA

Note: G/T @ 30elevation, mid-band,standard 130K LNB


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8 watt and 16 watt booster amplifier, Ku-bandAntenna deicingAntenna non-penetrating mount (1.8 and 2.4 meter only)Plenum IFL cableInclined Orbit Satellite Tracking Antenna

Transmit Power

V2/Insat ODU-1.1 to 6.9 dBWV2 ODU with 20W HPA-1.1 to 13.0 dBW

SCPC Services

Single Channel Per Carrier(SCPC) VSATs are based on a Point-To-Point Satellite-based Leased Line Service (approximate72,000km long). It is a much simpler technology (clear and transparent channel BPSK/QPSK satellite modem technology). It provida transparent "digital Pipe" service with no Protocol Spoofing. The data rate supported is from 9.6 Kbps up to 2.048 Mbps. This makit an ideal choice for satellite users wishing to transport high speeds signals, whether those signals consists of data, voice, video, faxInternet, multimedia or any others material that can be translated into a digital data streams.

Binariangs SCPC VSAT continue to provide valuable connectivity in the corporate communication networks, cellular telephoncommunication networks, regional and international gateway services. The regional sales and support office of Measat Broadca

Network System(MBNS) based in Kuching and Kota Kinabalu are connected to its Headquarters in Sungai Besi Kuala Lumpur via th2.048 Mbps SCPC links. Its applications are data, voice and fax. All traffics are incorporate to an external multiplexer. Voice another dominant traffic type for SCPC VSAT. An example is Binariangs cellular network of GSM. The SCPC network connects fo

BTS sites of Datai Beach, Tanah Rata, Jerantut and Kuala Lipis with a much lower capacity of NX64 kbps to its BSC site in SubanHi-Tech, Shah Alam.

The high availability of 99.7% makes a significant different in the amount of service availability and the amount of business that canbe conducted. As a complement to the conventional transmissions technologies that are increasingly being used to bring a wide varieof services, it permit an efficient and cost-effective of distributing or exchanging information throughout a widely dispersedorganization. The economic realities of providing service, distributed geography assures a continued significant role for SCPC satellisystems in regional voice and data communications.

Part 2Introduction to TDM / TDMA

What is TDM/TDMA?Perhaps the best known VSAT network architecture is the Time Division Multiplex/Time Division Multiple Access network, usedaround the world for low speed (300 bps - 64,000 bps) data communications such as credit card processing and verification, point-of-sale, inventory control and general business data connectivity.

A typical TDM/TDMA network employs a large satellite hub system that manages all network terminal access and routing. Data istransmitted to and from the hub in short bursts on satellite channels that are shared with 30 to 40 other terminals (depending uponnetwork loading parameters). The hub communicates with these VSAT terminals over a higher-speed "outbound" TDM satellite


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carrier. The terminals transmit back to the hub on their assigned "inbound" carriers using TDM protocols. This combination allows acertain number of slots in time each second that each terminal can transmit data, and can dynamically assign more or less time toterminals based upon their individual requirements. With this type of assignment, maximum network efficiency and throughput ismaintained.

What size are the VSAT antennas?Half-a-meter to 2.4 meter depending upon locations.

Who would want TDM/TDMA?

The prime customers of this service are large corporations which frequently receive data from distributed data sources and transmit to

dispersed locations

Examples:Car dealers (Ford, General Motor,Mazda), BanksLarge retail chains (Massa, Metro,IKEA), hotels (Hilton)Transport industry (UPS)Customers could also includemanufacturing and engineering,and any institutions which are notadversely affected by minor timedelays.

TDM / TDMA / ISBN Equipment

Personal Earth Station (PES) 5000The Personal Earth Station (PES) 5000 series is a low-cost, high capability Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) that is part othe Integrated Satellite Business Network (ISBN) family of products. The ISBN is a private satellite network that supports two-way data, voice, multimedia, and one-way broadcast video communications between a company's headquarters/ data center and its

remote sites or branch offices

A PES is located at each remote site on the network, providing communications with the hub station located at the headquarters/datacenter. The PES effectively supports data-intensive applications and at the same time provides excellent response times for interactivapplications. Capacity is allocated to remote sites on demand, ensuring optimum response times for remote applications.

Applications

LAN internetworking

Point-of-sale/credit verification

Client/server applications

Multimedia

Inventory control

SCADA/process control and monitoring

Bank platform operations

Interactive and batch data applications

Facsimile/image transmission

Voice

Broadcast video


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A TDM / TDMA Network


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The PES is made up of two components:

Outdoor Unit (ODU)A small antenna with an antenna-mounted Radio Frequency (RF) unit enables the transmission of signals originating at the remosite and the reception of signals originating from the hub. Functions performed include signal reception and down-conversion intermediate frequencies (170-1,450 MHz)), and signal transmission and up-conversion to radio frequencies (4-6 GHz). The size the antenna depends on the data rates used and the satellite coverage available. The ODU is installed at the remote site, typically on non-penetrating mount secured by ballast on the roof of the remote site.

Digital Indoor Unit (DIU)

Converts signal to and from baseband frequencies and provides interfaces to user equipment. The standard DIU is provided with twports. Additional interfaces are available through a variety of expansion options. Multiple protocols are supported enabling interfacto a variety of data processing and computer equipment. Video is transmitted independently of data and voice. The DIU is attached tthe ODU through a single Interfacility link (IFL) cable.

Specifications

FrequencyKu-band, C-band

Data Rates

Protocol SupportEthernet (10 Mbps)Token-Ring (4/16 Mbps)Transparent Bridging SDLC (PU4-PU2, PU4-PU4)

PES 5000 IDU


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AsynchronousUp to 19.2 kbpsSynchronous1.2-64 kbps (Standard rates)

LANEthernet: 10 MbpsToken-Ring: 4/16 Mbps

PortsStandard

Up to 32 ports with multiport card optionVoice Port CardVideo IF port, 950-1450 MHzOptionalExpanded DIU (up to 13 cards)

InterfacesDataRS-232, RS-422, or V.35, RS-530

LANEthernet: UTP, coaxialToken-Ring: Type 1, Type 3

Power90-264 VAC 47-63 Hz

SDLC to Token RingX.25BSC 3270TINETBit and Byte TransparentHASPFrame TransparentX.3/X.28 PADBroadcastSpecialized Protocols

AntennaKu-band: .75, 1.0, 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 metersC-band: 1.8 and 2.4 metersRF Power: .5, 1.0 and 2 watt2 and 5 watt (C-band)

Outroute512, 128 kbps

Inroute256, 128, 64 kbps

Bit Error Rate1x10-7- at threshold 1x10-9- typical

Operating TemperatureOutdoor Equipment30C to +55C

Indoor Equipment+10C to +40C

Network Management SystemsIllumiNET Operator Console, based on DEC VAXstation Models 60, 90, 96 or DEC ALPHAstation Models. System ControlProcessors (SCP), based on DEC VAX or VAXstation Models. System Control Interface, based on Advanced ComputerCommunications (ACC) family of communications processors: ACP 300, 600, 3000 or 5000 series

Hub

Radio Frequency Terminal (RFT)Intermediate Frequency (IF) Equipment, including:Burst Channel Demodulators (BCD), consisting of: SFM, DM, TM and DCM; or, SFM, DTM and DCM; with BRM, and BRTC.Modem, either LM46/LM4046 or Universal Modem (UMODGeographic Redundancy Option, includingPTI, PTI I/O, STI, STI I/O, Relay Card, and VMO. Dial Modem Backup Option, including Dial Modem Backup Unit (DMBU),DMBU I/O, and IOC.Baseband Equipment, including:

BRC, BRC II, MMB Jumpers and TerminatorsData Port Clusters, including:

Processor Module (PM), Line Interface Module (LIM), or Super LIM, with interface cards, RS-232, V.35, RS-422/429, EIA 530.Local Area Network (LAN) Clusters, including:PM, LAN (IM), or SLIM, with interface cards, LANscape Ethernet I/O or LANscape Token Ring I/O.

Call Connection Cluster (CCC), including:PM, Receiver Driver Module (RDM).

Voice Port Cluster (VPC), including:Voice Interface Module (VIM) and VIM I/O, or Extended Voice Interface Module (EVIM) with EVIM I/O, and Fax Interface Modul(FIMNet Control Cluster (NCC), consisting of:

Transmit Receive Processor (TX/RX) and TX/RX I/O, Master Oscillator Module (MOM), or Variable Master Oscillator Module(VMO), and PM. OR, Network Control Cluster Assembly, including TX/RX II.File Broadcast ServerAdditional Product Information

TDM / TDMA Services


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X.25 is an interface specification developed by ITU for the purpose of standardizing the interface between users devices and a packetswitching network. It is conforms to the OSI protocol model. It specifies the three lowest layers: the physical layer(X.21 bis), the datalink control layer(X.25 LAPB) and network layer(X.25 packet). X.25 describe the interface between a user device(DTE) and a packetswitch network(DCE). The Physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical and functional characteristics required to establish,maintain and disconnect the physical link between a network and X.25 device. The link layer guarantee delivery of data blocks,referred as frame, across a potentially error-prone circuit. The packet layer provides flow controls, error control and multiplexingfunctions. The packet layer provides for the setup and maintenance of multiple logical connections, called Virtual Circuits. Thecurrent TDM/TDMA system supports Switched Virtual Circuits(SVCs), which the call setup and clearing procedures to dynamicallyestablish a connection. Several SVCs can be multiplexed on a single physical link.

System Network Architecture(SNA)/Synchronous Data Link Control(SDLC) is IBMs proprietary communications netwo

architecture. It is designed to ensure reliable and error-free connectivity between devices that supports the SNA suite of protocols, anprovides end-to-end compatibility between IBM products. SNA/SDLC is a tool used by the end user to access a hosts services. All thnodes within the network contain a Physical Unit Control Point. Each node is characteristically defined by the services available tmanage and monitor the resources attached to it. These service requirements are referred to as Physical Unit(PU) types or node typeTwo forms of SNA/SDLC supports are available:

PU4-to-PU2

PU4-to-PU2.1

The bit-transparent protocol allows the users to transmit either synchronous or asynchronous data transparently through the systembetween the hub and the remote. No protocol spoofing. Currently only the asynchronous mode available to the system.

In the Wide Area Network(WAN) environment, LANs have traditionally been supported by gateways or routers, which the LAN

protocols then convert to WAN protocols. It eliminates the need for a gateway or router, allowing LAN users to connect directly to aVSAT. LAN frames are copied and forwarded across the network, allowing local and remote LANs to appear as one large LAN. Thisintegrated design eliminates the cost and performance penalties associated with traditional WAN access, providing high throughputand data transfer speeds.

Part 3Configuration Of Earth Station System

The 11-Meter Earth Station Antenna in Subang Hi-Tech is Binariangs shared hub facilities for TV Uplink, ISBN and SCPC systemIt is designed to provide high-performance video, voice, and data communications.

DESCRIPTIONSuperior performance is achieved through the use of precision stretch-formed reflector panels and a dual shaped Cassegrain feedsystem. Feeds employ corrugated conical horns to ensure excellent antenna gain and sidelobe performance.Forty-eight high-strength aluminum panels provide the durability needed to withstand rough handling and a wide range ofenvironmental conditions. The panels are mounted to radial trusses which attach to a central hub. The hub also provides an enclosurefor protection of sensitive electronics.

The high-strength structural steel mount employs an elevation-over-azimuth geometry to allow easy pointing to any visiblesatellite within the orbital arc. The mounts stiff, rugged construction provides the pointing accuracy needed for proper operation


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under adverse wind conditions.The antenna provides the standard configuration TORQUETUBE mount for use in the majorityof applications. It provides the extreme environment mount for use in very high wind applications or those requiring continuous180 degrees of motorized azimuth coverage.

Shared Hub Services from Binariang: Making Satellite Technology work for business.Today, businesses in a wide variety of industries are relying on VSAT (very small aperture terminal) satellite networks to help themcommunicate with their remote locations no matter where they are located across town, or across the countryEven for businesses with relatively small numbers of remote sites, satellite networks can be one of the most cost-effective ways toobtain efficient, on-line communications.

The Central Hub The heart of the network.VSAT networks rely on a central hub station to serve as the transfer point between the remote locations, the satellite, and companyheadquarters or data center. The hub contains the necessary uplink/downlink equipment to transmit signals to and from the satellite.For many companies, it is not desirable or feasible to own and operate their own dedicated hub. The solution: shared hub services

provides the efficiency of on-line communications at a cost that agrees with the bottom line.Maxis owns and operates a full-service satellite hub located in Subang Hi-Tech. The hubs operate seven days a week, 24 hours a day.For a reasonable monthly fee, a customer has all the advantages of on-line satellite communications:

Data transmission

Real-time video

Audio transmission

Disaster recovery

Pilot programs for new networks or applications

Using shared hub services means avoid the expense of building customer own hub and maintaining a technical staff to run it.Customer contract for only the required amount of satellite bandwidth on Measat 1. When your network needs to grow or change,Maxis can reconfigure the network quickly with a minimum of expense.

11-Meter Antenna Subsystem

11m diameter antenna, dual linear polarization feed and antenna tracking and control equipment

4 GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) Subsystem

Including three(3) 37K LNAs in a 2+1 redundant configuration and an LNA switch control panel

6 GHz Power Amplifier (HPA) Subsystem consists of :-Three(3) 3 KW KLY HPAs in a 2+1 redundant configurationTwo(2) Filter Combiners for each TV lineTwo(2) waveguide switches, seven(7) lockable waveguide switches, two(2) coaxial switches, and one(1) directional coupler, one(1)harmonic Filter(HF), one(1) RF Hybrid and five(5) high power dummy loads.One(1) Local Transmit Path Selector (Tx Path Sel) for control and monitoring of the HPA subsystem. \

700W TWT High Power Amplifier (HPA) Subsystem consists of:Three(3) 700W HPA in a 2+1 redundant configurationOne(1) Local Transmit Path Selector (Tx Path Sel) for control and monitoring of the TWT subsystem

Ground Communication Equipment (GCE)Subsystem for TV CarrierTransmit GCE includes

One(1) 6 GHz 8-way path unitThree(3) 70M/6G up-converters in a 2+1 redundant configurationOne(1) IF switch unit, one(1) RF switch unit and one(1) 8+1 U/C SWO CONTOne(1) spare up-converterReceive GCE includes:Two(2) 1:4 4 GHz RF DividerTwo(2) 4G/1G down-concerters in a 1+1 redundant configurationOne(1) 4 GHz SWO and one(1) 1 GHz SWO

VSAT subsystem for Transponder 7 consists of:

Three(3) Up-converter (70 MHz/6GHz) in a 2+1 redundant configurationOne(1) IF switch unit and one(1) 2+1 U/C SWO.One spare up-converter


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Three(3) down-converter (4 GHz/70 MHz) in a 2+1 redundant configurationOne(1) IF switch unit and one(1) 2+1 D/C SWOOne spare down-converterOne(1) IF rack consists of ISBN sub-components (BCD)

Baseband subsystem for VSAT system:

One(1) baseband rack consists of ISBN sub-components (NCC, SIC, DPC)One(1) baseband rack consists of 4 unit of UMOD 10-PAK chassis

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VSAT Definition