War in EuropeWar in Europe

Josef Stalin Josef Stalin Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini Neville ChamberlainNeville Chamberlain AppeasementAppeasement Non-Aggression PactNon-Aggression Pact SudetenlandSudetenland BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

Charles DeGualleCharles DeGualle Battle of BritainBattle of Britain Battle of DunkirkBattle of Dunkirk

New Leaders in EuropeNew Leaders in Europe

Josef StalinJosef Stalin CommunismCommunism Leader of U.S.S.RLeader of U.S.S.R Totalitarianism Totalitarianism

Gov’t has complete control over its citizensGov’t has complete control over its citizens Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

FascismFascism Leader of ItalyLeader of Italy

Stressed nationalism and placed Stressed nationalism and placed the needs of the state above those the needs of the state above those of the individualof the individual Power rested with a single strong Power rested with a single strong leader and a group of devoted party leadersleader and a group of devoted party leaders

More new leadersMore new leaders

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler Leader of GermanyLeader of Germany NaziNazi

Extreme form of fascismExtreme form of fascism Powerful public speakerPowerful public speaker

Called himself “der fuher” the leaderCalled himself “der fuher” the leader Wrote Wrote Mien KampfMien Kampf (My Struggle) (My Struggle) Wanted racial purification to an Aryan raceWanted racial purification to an Aryan race Took control of Germany in 1932Took control of Germany in 1932 Established the “Third Reich” Third EmpireEstablished the “Third Reich” Third Empire

Hitler’s AggressionHitler’s Aggression

Part of Nazi plan was expansionismPart of Nazi plan was expansionism Hitler invaded and took over Austria in Hitler invaded and took over Austria in

19371937 Also charged that the Czechs were Also charged that the Czechs were

abusing the German speaking people of abusing the German speaking people of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakiathe Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia Also wanted to expand Germany’s control Also wanted to expand Germany’s control

and resourcesand resources

SudetenlandSudetenland

France and Great Britain offered to protect CZ.France and Great Britain offered to protect CZ. Neville Chamberlain was P.M. of G.B.Neville Chamberlain was P.M. of G.B. A conference was called by Hitler to solve the A conference was called by Hitler to solve the

situationsituation French premier and Chamberlain were invited French premier and Chamberlain were invited

to Munichto Munich Hitler said that the Sudetenland would be his Hitler said that the Sudetenland would be his

last territorial demandlast territorial demand

AppeasementAppeasement

Signed “Munich Agreement” Sept. 20, 1938Signed “Munich Agreement” Sept. 20, 1938 Turned Sudetenland over to GermanyTurned Sudetenland over to Germany

Chamberlain came home and pronounced that Chamberlain came home and pronounced that he had achieved “peace in our time”.he had achieved “peace in our time”.

Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill Chamberlain’s political rival in parliamentChamberlain’s political rival in parliament

Believed that Chamberlain had appeased HitlerBelieved that Chamberlain had appeased Hitler ““Britain had to choose between war and dishonor. Britain had to choose between war and dishonor.

They chose dishonor.”They chose dishonor.” Believed that Hitler would want more-He was rightBelieved that Hitler would want more-He was right

PolandPoland

Once CZ was conquered, Hitler moved against Once CZ was conquered, Hitler moved against PolandPoland

Most believed that Hitler was bluffingMost believed that Hitler was bluffing Might begin a war with Soviets, French, and BritishMight begin a war with Soviets, French, and British Wouldn’t risk a two front war Wouldn’t risk a two front war

Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Hitler in 1939in 1939 Secret vow was to split Poland between themSecret vow was to split Poland between them

BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg in Poland Blitzkrieg in Poland ““Lightning War”Lightning War”

Stage 1 “Stuka”Stage 1 “Stuka” Attacks by the Luftwaffe to destroy communications Attacks by the Luftwaffe to destroy communications

and instill shockand instill shock

Stage 2 Stage 2 Infantry and tanksInfantry and tanks

France and G.B. declared war two days France and G.B. declared war two days after Poland was invadedafter Poland was invaded

DefensesDefenses

The Nazis had control of Poland in three weeksThe Nazis had control of Poland in three weeks Allies were not able to set up defenses that quicklyAllies were not able to set up defenses that quickly France and Britain set up defenses in Eastern France and Britain set up defenses in Eastern

FranceFrance Some newspapers called it a “Phony War”Some newspapers called it a “Phony War”

No fighting was going onNo fighting was going on

Stalin annexed Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania Stalin annexed Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania and began to take over Finland in late 1939and began to take over Finland in late 1939

Chamberlain was replaced as P.M. by Winston Chamberlain was replaced as P.M. by Winston ChurchillChurchill

War ExpansionWar Expansion

Hitler launched an invasion of Denmark Hitler launched an invasion of Denmark and Norway in April 1940and Norway in April 1940 Needed bases to attack G.B.Needed bases to attack G.B.

The Netherlands, Belgium, and The Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg were next on Hitler’s hit listLuxembourg were next on Hitler’s hit list End of the phony warEnd of the phony war

Battle of DunkirkBattle of Dunkirk

Germans went around the Maginot Line Germans went around the Maginot Line from Belgium into Francefrom Belgium into France Pushed French and British troops to Dunkirk Pushed French and British troops to Dunkirk

400,000 troops400,000 troops Could have crushed the French and British Could have crushed the French and British

forcesforces They were trapped by the seaThey were trapped by the sea

Battle of Dunkirk cont.Battle of Dunkirk cont.

800 civil. Boats transported 330,000 800 civil. Boats transported 330,000 French, British, and Belgians French, British, and Belgians

Italy entered the war a few days laterItaly entered the war a few days later

FranceFrance

Italy began taking Southern FranceItaly began taking Southern France Germans pushed into ParisGermans pushed into Paris Nazis controlled Northern FranceNazis controlled Northern France

Puppet gov’t was set up in FrancePuppet gov’t was set up in France ““Vichy Government” set up in the southVichy Government” set up in the south

Gen. Charles DeGualle fled France after Gen. Charles DeGualle fled France after it fellit fell Set up a gov’t in exile in EnglandSet up a gov’t in exile in England

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

““The Blitz”The Blitz” Only way Germany had to attack Britain was by Only way Germany had to attack Britain was by

airair Luftwaffe began bombing runs over BritainLuftwaffe began bombing runs over Britain Tried to destroy R.A.F.Tried to destroy R.A.F. 2000 German planes bombed London for two 2000 German planes bombed London for two

monthsmonths R.A.F became stronger with help of radar and R.A.F became stronger with help of radar and

a strong defensive systema strong defensive system