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WARYOUR NAME
HERE
INSERT MOVIE CLIP HERE
Reality of Warfare War will happen…
At the worst possible time In the worst possible place With the worst possible enemy
YOUR job is to wage war…
… better than the enemy
Professional Responsibility
Learn HOW we wage war in ALL of its forms – Against ANY/ALL of our enemies
“Being a warrior is not an AFSC…it’s a condition of the heart!!!” – Gen Jumper
Overview Enduring Truths of War
Definition of War
Basic Themes of War
Viewpoints on War
Factors Dominating War
Elements of War
An instrument of national policy
A complex and chaotic human endeavor
A clash of opposing wills
Enduring Truths of War
“War is nothing but a duel on an extensive scale… Each strives
by physical force to compel the other to submit to his will… War therefore is an act of
violence to compel our opponent to do our will.”
– Carl von Clausewitz
Definition of War
Basic Themes of War
Politics and violence are intertwined
War is policy…
… “that fights battles instead of
writing notes”
War is the continuation of politics with the
addition of other means
“War is an instrument of national policy”
War is a last resort of policy
We exhaust diplomatic efforts!
When military engages, the political
process doesn’t stop
Bottom line: Success in war
can only be measured by
whether political objectives are achieved
National Policy Through War
Sir Liddel Hart
Wage war in a civilized manner
Law of Armed Conflict
Geneva & Hague Conventions
Rules of Engagement (ROEs)
Leave the combat zone better than when we entered it…
… Failure leads to unstable peace!
Better State of Peace
Interim Summary Enduring Truths of War
Definition of War
Basic Themes of War
Viewpoints on War
Factors Dominating War
Elements of War
Realism
Holy War
Pacifism
Just War Theory (JWT)
Viewpoints on War
Wars are clashes of power and interest
Moral constraints should never be put above a nation’s self-interest
Focuses on military necessity, where all methods can or should be used to achieve victory: Burning of Atlanta in Civil War
Bombing civilian centers in WWII
Realism
Adolf Hitler
Wars aren’t merely human affairs:
Divine instruments of judgment
Authorized by God
God responsible for outcome
Cosmic battle between Good
and Evil
Holy War
“Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already
devoid of stars.” – Martin Luther King, Jr.
Opposes war as a means of settling disputes and advocates use of arbitration, surrender, or even migrationSpectrum ranges:Avoidance of war at all costs War only as a last resort
Pacifism
Mahatma Gandhi
Killing is morally unacceptable…Determine when war is morally justified and define actions that are permissible
Focuses on: Protection of non-combatants Wage war by clearly defined rules
Bottom line: Fight for a just cause and employ just means
Just War Theory
St. Thomas Aquinas
Interim Summary Enduring Truths of War
Definition of War
Basic Themes of War
Viewpoints on War
Factors Dominating War
Elements of War
“War is a complex and chaotic human
endeavor”
Fog
Friction
Chance
Factors Dominating War
Fog Difficulty to see and understand what’s
happening in battle Once a literal “FOG” Now more figuratively:
Too much happening Misinformation Conflicting information
Overwhelmed with too much info!!!
Battle of Waterloo, June 1815
Friction Murphy’s Law… at its worst
Troops are lost Bombs miss their target Enemies don’t act as expected
Friction is that which seems easy in war planning made difficult in reality!
“Everything in war is very simple, but the simplest thing is difficult.” – Clausewitz
Chance Plain dumb luck and fortune.
Col Stauffenberg
Assassination attempt on Hitler
Sinking of USS Indianapolis
Interim Summary Enduring Truths of War
Definition of War
Basic Themes of War
Viewpoints on War
Factors Dominating War
Elements of War
“War is a clash of opposing wills”
Participants
Motives
Objectives
Scope of War
Level of Violence
Means Used
Asymmetry
Elements of War
Participants
State vs. State Iraq-Iran War
Groups within a State Former Republic of Yugoslavia
Non-State entities IRA, Hezbollah, al-Qaeda...
Secular ideology.... Ethnic / tribal hatred…. Religion…. Territory…. Economic gain…. Revenge…. Pre-emptive….
MotivesCommunist vs Capitalist
Tutsis vs Hutus
Crusades, jihad, etc
German conquest in WWII
Hitler’s rise to power
Spanish-American War
Six-Day War of 1967
Usually a mixture of some or all the above!
Objectives
Total: Political overthrow and/or extermination of your enemy (i.e., ethnic cleansing)
Limited: Concessions
Global WWI and WWII
Regional Six Day War
Local Bosnia, Somalia,
Rwanda, etc.
Scope of War
Total (Unlimited) War
Complete mobilization, both
of forces and national
resources (i.e., WWII)
Limited
Restrain forces being used
Levels of Violence
Means Employed
Weapons of Mass Destruction CBRNE
Conventional Guerilla / Urban warfare
Irregular forces vs Regular forces Urban warfare brings its own unique
challenges Terrorism
… Theme of modern warfare!
Adversaries NOT fighting the SAME war Different motives, objectives, means, etc. Capitalize on these differences
GWOT exemplifies this “unevenness concept”… Consider: Are the participants the same? Do we employ the same means? Are our motives the same?
Asymmetry
Asymmetry (cont.)Poses very real threat to US interests…
Consider 9/11 & Al Qaeda Hijacked an AF = 75% success ratio!
Asymmetric warfare requires us to adapt our doctrine to counter this new threatAdapt our own asymmetric capabilitiesCapitalize on strengthsOur enemy can’t adapt toExploit our advantages from asymmetry
Summary Enduring Truths of War
Definition of War
Basic Themes of War
Viewpoints on War
Factors Dominating War
Elements of War
WAR
Questions?