Waste Managment NKA UPES Mar 2-2k11

8/6/2019 Waste Managment NKA UPES Mar 2-2k11

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n.k.agarwalex-Director, GSIGeo-Consultant & Advisor

WASTE MANAGEMENT

email: [email protected]

[email protected]: +919760099015

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Waste ManagementIssues and Challenges

March-2011


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What is Waste

?Why Should We Manage Waste

?2


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Any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

Wastes produced by manufacturing industry (can cover everything from

inert to hazardous waste).

Unwanted materials produced in or eliminated from an industrialoperation and categorized under a variety of headings, such as liquidwastes, sludge, solid wastes, and hazardous wastes.

Any liquid, gaseous, or solid waste resulting from any process ofindustry, manufacturing, trade, or business or from the development ofany natural resource.

Any garbage, refuse, and other solid waste from residential, commercial,industrial, and community activities that the generator of the wasteaggregates for collection, but does not include auto hulks, street

sweepings, ash, construction debris, mining waste, sludges, tree andagricultural

Solid materials discarded by homes and businesses in or near urbanareas.

Waste is Waste

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Domestic Waste Garbage - spoiled food stuffs, leftovers, un-edible foods, paper,

plastic, glass, packaging unused materials etc.;

unserviceable gadgets/appliances etc.E-Waste Electronic household gadgets/appliances,equipments

Landscape Waste - Garden, lawns, muck etc. Construction/Demolition Debris, muck

Industrial Waste Production Line - inert to hazardous waste, Unwanted materials - produced in or eliminated from an industrial

operation and categorized under a variety of headings, such as liquidwastes, sludge, solid wastes, and hazardous wastes.Packaging waste

Construction/Demolition Debris Special Waste Nuclear Waste Health Care

Bio-medical waste - medicines, containers, needles etc.

Waste Types

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Miscellaneous - Commerce and Trade Waste Any liquid, gaseous, or solid waste

resulting from any process of industry,manufacturing, trade, or business orfrom the development of any naturalresource.

Construction debris, mining waste - Any garbage, refuse, and otherwaste from industrial and community activities

Street Sweeping - Waste aggregating from roads, drains, avenuesetc.

Agriculture & Parks Litter, waste etc., tree and agricultural

Recreational Activities - Litter, Garbage etc.

Waste Types (contd.)


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Consumerism

Natural Resource Utilisation

Value Addition

Waste Generation

QualityofLife

A Vicious Cycle


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A Vicious Cycle (contd.)

NaturalResource

End User

Value Addition

Processing Stages

WASTE Generation

as part of Flow Sheets

WASTESelective Transformation of Matter, e.g.3 kg Cu 1 tonne of Ore 3:10003 kg Cu Water, Electricity, Reagents,

Machine, Manpower,

Utility


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Impacts of Waste

Waste generation is inevitable but, it needs to becontained and scientifically and/or efficiently disposed

Adverse Effects :

Aesthetic Loss due to dispersal

Spread pathogens through carriers like mosquitoes, flies,

rodents, scavenging birds

Pollution of surface-subsurface water pollution

Air pollution

Drainage clogging

Explosions

Fire hazard

Nuclear radiation hazard

GHG emissions

HealthSafety

Environment


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Why Should We Manage

Waste ?


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Waste Management is Essential Condition

forSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainable Development -meets the

needs of the present without compromising theability of future generations to meet their ownneeds

The Unique Planet is a Better Place to Live


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~ 6.2 million tonnes of hazardous wastes is annuallygenerated in India.

Indiscriminate and unscientific disposal of waste in commonand captive incinerators leads to the loss of vital resource.

Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management causessevere Environmental Risks if not operated in anenvironmentally sound manner.

Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management invitesSocio-Economic Stresses.

Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management invitesLegal Actions.

Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management invitesHSE issues.

Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management leads toloss of Productivity and increases Downtime.

Indiscriminate and unscientific Waste Management leads to

Aesthetic Loss.

Why Should We Manage Waste

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Source of Employment

Income Generator

Or

Cause of Health Safety andEnvironment Hazard

Waste Can be


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What is Municipal Waste ?

All Household waste collected by

Local Self Govt. Bodies like MunicipalBodies or their agents is termed as(MSW)


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Composition of MSW-Comparison


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Common Waste Disposal Methods


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ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS IN INDIA

Article 48 A Constitution of IndiaIn the Directive Principles of State Policy, Article 48-A wasinserted The State shall endeavor to protect andimprove the environment and for safeguard the forestsand wildlife of the country (42nd amendment w.e.from. 3January 1977

Article 51 A(g) Constitution of IndiaIn the Directive Principles of State Policy, Article 51-A wasinserted (Fundamental Duties) It shall be fundamentalduty of every citizen of India : to protect and improve thenatural environment including forests, lakes, rivers andwild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.(42nd amendment w.e.from. 3 January 1977

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Aluminum Recycling one kilogram ofaluminum saves up to 8

kilograms of bauxite, fourkilograms of chemical products

and14 kilowatt hours of

electricity.

It takes 20 times more

energy to make

aluminum from bauxiteore than using recycled

aluminum.

Glass For every ton of recycled glassused, approx 315 kilos of

Carbon dioxide and 1.2 tons of

raw materials are spared.

A 20% reduction in

emissions from glass

furnaces and up to 32%

reduction in energy

usage.

Paper A ton of paper from recycledmaterial conserves about 7,000gallons of water, 17-31 trees,

60 lb of air pollutants and 4,000

KWh of electricity.

Milling paper fromrecycled paper uses 20%

less energy.

Economics of Recycling


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Technologies Adaption

Reduce Waste

Reuse Waste

Recycle Waste

Recover Waste

Create a Waste Cycle

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Strategy

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STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING.

DOMESTIC WASTE THROWN ON STREETS.

TRADE WASTE ON ROADS / STREETS.

CONSTRUCTION DEBRIS LEFT UNATTENDED

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSED IN MUNICIPAL WASTE STREAM.

INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSED OF INOPEN AREAS.

SEGREGATION OF RECYCLABLE WASTE AT SOURCE NOT DONE.

PRIMARY COLLECTION OF WASTE NOT DONE AT PLACE OFGENERATION.

Common Scenario Waste Management

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Common Scenario Waste Management (contd.)

DESIGN & LOCATION OF MUNICIPAL WASTE STORAGE DEPOTSINAPPROPRIATE, RESULTING IN LITTERING OF GARBAGE .

STREET SWEEPING NOT DONE EVERYDAY.

WASTE TRANSPORTATION DONE IN OPEN VEHICLES.

WASTE PROCESSING PARTIALLY PRACTISED.

FINAL DISPOSAL DONE THROUGH CRUDE DUMPING.

RAG PICKERS COLLECT RECYCLABLES FROM MUNICIPALBINS / DUMPSITES AND LITTER THE WASTE CAUSINGINSANITARY CONDITIONS.

DISPERSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE WASTE.

INDISCRIMINATE AND UNSCIENTIFIC RECYCLING OFDOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL WASTE.

POOR OR LACK OF HSE REGULATION COMPLIANCE.

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Waste Management Issues

Lack of knowledge of Environmental Regulations and theneed to comply

Poor Enforcement Mechanism

Lack of Public Awareness

Poor/Inadequate or Lack of Consultants Advice

No one wants to Invest in Waste Management

Absence of Integration of Health Safety & Environment

Waste Reduction Strategies

Hazardous Waste Identification and Disposal Mechanism.

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Waste Management Routes

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DANGERS OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE Bio-medical waste can spread infectious diseases such as

hepatitis, HIV, tuberculosis, pneumonia and meningitis.

Hospital employees, patients, rag pickers and those living inthe vicinity of hospitals or illegal dumping grounds are at risk.

Poor infection control practices can lead to nosocomialinfections (infections caught at hospitals).

Infected disposables can be repackaged and sold to clinicsor hospitals.

Medicines can be repackaged and sold by counterfeiters tounsuspecting buyers.

Poor bio-medical waste management can lead to air, water andsoil pollution.

Bio-Medical Waste

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Soiled waste, microbiology and biotechnology waste can also go in the redbag for autoclaving and shredding. Plastic disposable items can go either inthe blue or red bag.

MANEGING WITH COLOURSUnder the rules, hospitals are required to segregate bio-medical waste into four

categoriesCoding TreatmentWaste

Yellow Bin

Red Bin

Blue Bin

Black Bin

Incineration and DeepBurial of Ash

Autoclaving/ChemicalTreatment and Shredding

Autoclaving/ChemicalTreatment and Shredding

Deep Burial

WasteAnatomical, microbiological & biotechnologicalWaste, Soiled Cotton, Dressings & Beddings

Disposable Items Tubings, Catheters,Intravenous Sets

Sharp Waste- Needles, syringes, Scalpels etc.and Plastic Disposable Items Tubings,Catheters and Intravenous Sets

Discarded Medicines and Chemical Waste

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The Colour CODE


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Economics of Waste ?

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Waste the Menace

Let Us FindSolutions


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Dangerous Disposal

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WASTE MANAGEMENT REGULATION&

COMPLIANCE MECHANISM

The Environment (Protection) Act 1986

The Starter

Rio. Stockholm.Copenhagen..A Global Concern

Quality of Life

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S.No. Year Environmental Regulations1 1974 Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution Act)

Amendments, 19882 1975 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Rules3 1977 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess Act4 1978 The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Cess

Rules5 1981 The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act,

Amendments, 19876 1982/

1983The Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Rules

7 1986 The Environment (Protection) Act, Amendments(1989,1990,1993,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001)

8 1986 The Environmental (Protection) Rules9 1992 E (P) Act Notification Environment Statement

10 1994 E (P) Act Notification Environmental Clearance11 1997 Amendments in the Environment Clearance,

Notification Public Hearing made mandatory12 1989 The Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling)

Rules, Amendments, 2000, Draft Amendments 200213 1989 Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous

Chemical Rules, Amendments, 1994, 2000

Environmental Regulations

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S.No. Year Environmental Regulations14 1991 The Public Liability Insurance Act/Rules, 199215 1995 The National Environment Tribunal Act16 1997 Prohibition on the Handling of Azo dyes

17 1997 The National Environment Appellate Authority Act18 1998 The Bio-Medical Waste (M&H), Rules19 1999 Notification for making 100% Utilization of Fly-ash

made mandatory20 2000 Municipal Solid Waste (M&H) Rules21 2000 Ozone Depleting Substance (R&C) Rules22 1999 Regulation on recycling of Waste Oil and Non-

ferrous scrape24 2000 Noise Pollution (Regulations and Control)24 2001 Batteries (M&H) Rules

Environmental Regulations (contd.)

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Jurisdiction of Environmental Legislation In India

Central Government Ministry of Environment & Forest

(Regional Offices)

Central Pollution Control Board(Zonal Offices)

State Government State Department of Environment

State Pollution Control Board/

State Pollution Committee(Regional Offices)

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1 The Water (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act 1974


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1. The Water (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act, 1974

Provide information to the SPCB

Provide access to the SPCB for taking samples

Allow entry to the SPCB to ascertain that the provisionsof the Act are being compiled with.

Responsibilities:

Obtain Consent to Establish

Obtain Consent to Operate Apply for renewal of the Consent to Operate before the expiry

of validity period Consent to be deemed as granted automatically and

unconditionally after four months from the date of applicationalready given or refused before this period

Refusal of Consent to be recorded in writing Pay Water Cess as indicated in the assessment order Affix water meters of the prescribed standards Provide access to SPCB Pay interest in case of delay in paying the Water Cess Pay penalty for non-payment of Cess

Industry is entitled to 25% rebate if meeting certain conditions 35

2. The Air (Prevention & Control Of Pollution) Act, 1981


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2. The Air (Prevention & Control Of Pollution) Act, 1981

Comply with the conditions in the Consent to

Establish or Consent to Operate

Not to discharge air pollutant(s) in excess of theprescribed standards

Furnish information to the SPCB of any accident orunforeseen act or event

Allow entry to the SPCB to ascertain that provisions of

the Act are being complied with Provide information to enable SPCB to implement the

Act

Provide access to the SPCB for taking samples

Comply with the directions issued in writing by theSPCB

Obtain Consent to Establish

Obtain Consent to Operate

Apply for the renewal of Consent to Operate before

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2. The Air (Prevention & Control Of Pollution) Act, 1981 (contd )


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2. The Air (Prevention & Control Of Pollution) Act, 1981 (contd.)

Consent to be deemed as granted after four months fromthe date of receipt of application if no communication from

the SPCB is received

A prior Notice of Inspection to be served by the SPCB

Industry to ensure that specified emission samplingprocedure is being followed by the SPCB

Opportunity to file objections with the SPCB within 15 daysfrom the date of service of notice

PCB to record reasons in writing in case it does not providean opportunity to the industry to file objections

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3 Environment (Protection) Act 1986


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3. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

Comply with the directions issued by the CentralGovernment. The direction may include:

closure, prohibition or regulation of any industry, or

stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity, water orany other service

Prevent discharges or emissions excess of the prescribedstandards

Furnish information of any accidental or unforeseen event

Allow entry and inspection to ascertain compliance

Allow samples to be taken

Submit an Environmental Statement every year before 30

th

September to the SPCB

Obtain prior Environmental Clearances from MoEF, in case

of a new project or for modernization/expansion of theexisting project

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4 The Hazardous Waste (Management And Handling) Rules


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4. The Hazardous Waste (Management And Handling) Rules,1989, Amendments 2000

Check whether the waste(s) generated covered in Schedule 1 and 2 ofthe amendment rules, 2000

If covered, apply in the Prescribed Format to obtain an Authorization

for proper treatment and disposal of hazardous waste(s) and complywith the conditions specified in the authorization

Take steps, wherever feasible for reduction, recovery and recycling ofwastes

Ensure proper collection, reception, treatment, storage and disposal ofhazardous wastes

Apply for renewal of authorization before expiry of the validity period

Maintain records of hazardous wastes handling (Form 3)

Submit Annual Returns to the SPCB (Form 4)

Report to the SPCB any accident

Labeling, Packaging, Transportation of HW as per Motor Vehicle Act,1988 and Rules 1989

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5 Th H d W t (M t A d H dli ) R l 1989


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5. The Hazardous Waste (Management And Handling) Rules, 1989,Amendments 2000, Draft Amendments 2002

Clarification on the definition of Hazardous Wastes

List of hazardous waste according to schedule 1 is being modified

Procedure for registration of re-processors of non-ferrous scrap and

waste oil Schedule for hazardous wastes prohibited for import to and export

from India

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6 Manufacture Storage And Import Of Hazardous


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6.Manufacture, Storage And Import Of Hazardous

Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 1994, 2000

Identify whether the chemicals handled, used and stored or importedare covered in the Schedule 1 and/or 3 of the Rules, Schedule 2 forisolated storages.

If covered in schedule 1:

Occupier to identify hazards associated with industrial activity and take

adequate steps for prevention and control Occupier to provide relevant information to persons liable to be

affected by a major accident Occupier to develop information in the form of a safety data sheet Occupier to notify the concerned authorities within 48 hours of the

occurrence of a major accident

Occupier to label the specified information on every container ofhazardous chemicals.

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Occupier to submit an up-to-date safety report at least ninetydays before making any modification.

Occupiers of new and existing industrial activities to carry outsafety audit and submit report within 30 days.

Occupier to submit a safety audit update report once a yearand forwarding a copy within 30 days.

Occupier to prepare up-to-date on-site emergency plan beforecommencing a new industrial activity involving specifiedchemicals.

Occupier shall conduct a Mock drill of emergency plan everysix months and submit a report.

Occupier to maintain records of imports of hazardouschemicals and to provide information to the concernedAuthority.

Occupier to ensure the transportation of hazardous chemicalsas per the

provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.


Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 1994, 2000 (contd.)

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7.The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991


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y ,

Owner to provide relief in case of death or injury or damage to property from anaccident on the principle of no fault.

Owner to draw insurance polices more than the paid-up capital but less than

Rs. 50 Crore.

Paid-up Capital is the market value of all assets and stocks on the date ofinsurance.

Owner to pay additional amounts as contribution to the Environmental Relief

Fund.

Owner to provide any information required for ascertaining compliance with theprovisions of the Act .

Owner to allow entry and inspection to ascertain compliance with theprovisions of the Act.

Owner to pay the amount of an award as specified by the Collector.

Comply with the directions issued in writing by the Central Government,directions may include ;

prohibition or regulations of handling of any hazardous substances, or

stoppage or regulation of the supply of electricity, water or any other service.

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Who Requires Environmental Clearance?


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Who Requires Environmental Clearance?

The following project categories are required to obtain environmental clearance New ProjectsIf investment is more than Rs. 100 Crore

Nuclear power plant and related projects, such as Heavy Water Plants,nuclear fuel complex, rare earths.River valley projects including hydro power, major irrigation projects and a

combination, including flood control,Ports harbours, airports (except minor ports and harbours)Petroleum refineries including crude and product pipelines.

Chemical fertilizersExploration for oil & gas and their production transportation and storageSynthetic RubberPrimary metallurgical industaries ;Electric Arc Furnaces (Mini Steel Plants)Viscose staple fibre and filament yarn

Storage batteries integrated with the manufacture of oxides of lead & leadantimony alloy,

Thermal power plantsPulp paper and newsprintCement

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Who Requires Environmental Clearance? (contd )


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Who Requires Environmental Clearance? (contd.)

Any project proposed to be located within twenty fiveKm of :

Reserved forests

Ecologically sensitive areas which may include National Parks,

Sanctuaries,

Biosphere Reserves,

Critically polluted areas

Or within fifty kms of inter-state boundary shall requireenvironmental clearance from the Central Government

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The following project categories, irrespective of the investment : Pesticides

Bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals

Asbestos and asbestos products, All tourism projects between 200 500 meters of a High Tide Line and at

locations with an elevation of more than 1,000 meters with investments of morethan Rs. 5 Crore.

Mining projects (with leases of more than 5 hectares) Highway projects except projects relating to improvement work Petrochemical Complexes

Tarred roads in the Himalaya and forest areas Distilleries Raw skins and hides Dyes Foundries Chlor-alkali industry Hydrocyanic Acid Electroplating Meta amine phenol Small scale industrial units in project categories mentioned above. With investments less than Rs. 1 Crore and Which are on the reserved list Are exempted from environnemental clearance


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Most Important


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Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.

Proper segregation of wastes & Labeling as specified

Install Pollution Control Systems Like Incinerators, autoclaves ormicrowaves or adopt deep burial and meet the prescribed limitsof emissions

Comply with the dead-line stipulated to install the pollutioncontrol systems

Transportation of waste as per the norms.

Regulation on Recycling of Waste Materials, 1999, 2000

The waste materials targeted : waste oils, lead acid batteries,non-ferrous wastes

The auction / sale of these materials to only authorisedrecyclers who are registered with the Ministry of Environment &Forests, Govt. of India

No trader can take such types of waste

Most Important

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Procedural Requirements to Operate an Industry


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Procedural Requirements to Operate an Industry

Seek from SPCB the Consent to Establish and Consent toOperate under Water and Air Acts and apply for their

renewal

Submit to the SPCB Water Cess Return as per theperiodicity given

Comply with the effluent / mission standards for sourceor General Standards as per the E(P) Act

Seek from SPCB an `autorisation under the HW under

the HW (M & H) Rules and apply for its renewal

Maintain the records of the hazardous Waste produced

Seek Environmental Clearance for the specified project

Submit Environmental Statement every year

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P d l R i t d MSIHC R l d


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Procedural Requirements under MSIHC, Rules covered

Follow the requirements given in the MSIHC, Rules

Provide the workers with information, training & equipment

Inform the major accidents to the prescribed authority

Notification of Site & Submit Safety Report if applicable

Prepare on-site emergency plan

Undertake Mock audits

Submit `Safety Audit Report to the Prescribed Authority

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules- 1989

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Labelling packaging and transportation of hazardous chemicals


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Labelling, packaging and transportation of hazardous chemicals

Motor Vehicle Act / Rules

The Indian Boilers Act 1923 & Rules 1961

The Indian Electricity Act 1910 & Rules 1956

The Explosives Act, Gas Cylinder Rules 1981

The Pressure Vessels Act, Rules, 1981

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EP A 1986 k ibl


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EP Act 1986 makes possible

the issuance of many Rules:

1989 Hazardous Waste Rules

1998 Biomedical Waste Rules1999 Rules for Recycled Plastics,

1999 Fly Ash Notification

2000 Municipal Solid Waste Rules2000 Battery Mgt & Handling Rules

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1998 Rules require different

wastes to be kept un-mixed

A typical 200-bed hospital generates

70% general waste (can dispose with MSW)

20% recyclable waste (chop and disinfect)

10% Incinerable waste (twin-burner system)

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A Challenge to be Conquered


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Biomed segregation practices

are rarely followed Official apathy at top, or not aware of Rules.

Still open burning, or use of single-burner

models installed earlier. Poor air-scrubbers. New technology must catch up with needs.

Centralised units are better than having many

chimneys within the city. Scams have begun: e.g. biodegradable bags for

incineration!

A Challenge to be Conquered

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MSW is unusable by farmers

after Plastic Yug began

In fields it prevents germination and

absorption of rain by the soil

Left uncollected in cities, it blocks drains,causes flooding, kills cows that eat garbage

Dumped outside city limits, waste is a cursefor villagers, bringing smoke, flies, dogs

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Plague was a wake-up call to


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Plague was a wake up call to

clean up filth, which Surat did!

WP 888/96 in Honble Supreme Courtasking all States and UTs to follow hygienicSWM practices forced City Managers to

think about waste.

Honble Supreme Court appointed aCommittee, which resulted in two

referendums on SWMgt.

Honble Supreme Court asked statutory bodiesto endeavour to comply with the Barman

Committee Report56

Hazardous Waste Generating Units in Uttarakhand (2009-10)


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Total Waste (tpa)S.No. Name of

District

No. of Industries Disposable Recyclable Incinerable

1 Haridwar 67 1711.03 6808.975 531.735

2 Dehradun 42 17.96 25.54 23.41

3 Pauri Garhwal 3 0.01 29.05

4 U.S. Nagar 96 1573.56 1839.407 2364.51

5 Nainital 7 1.08 12.428 0

6 Champawat 3 0 22.8 0

7 Uttarkashi 1 0 2.0 08 Chamoli 1 0 3.6 0

9 Almora 1 Under Assessment

Total 221 3303.64 8743.80 3189.70

Hazardous Waste Generating Units in Uttarakhand (2009 10)(as on December 31, 2009)

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No Land-filling of

biodegradable waste

Landfill only compost rejects and inerts (debris)

MSW Rules Sept 2000 say:

By 31.12.2001 improve existing landfills

By Dec 2002 identify & prepare landfill sites

By Dec 2003 Set up waste processing and

disposal facilities

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Future Projections


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Between 2000 and 2025 the waste composition of Indian

garbage : OrganicWaste will go up from 40 percent to 60 percent

PlasticWaste will rise from 4% to 6%

MetalWaste will escalate from 1% to 4%

GlassWaste will increase from 2% to 3%

Paper Waste will climb from 5% to 15%

Other Waste(ash, sand, grit) will decrease from 47% to12%

Future Projections


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The urban local bodies spend approximately Rs.500to Rs.1500 per tonne on solid waste for collection,transportation, treatment and disposal. About 60-70%

of this amount is spent on collection, 20-30% ontransportation and less than 5% on final disposal.

Calorific value of Indian solid waste is between 600

and 800 Kcal/Kg and the density of waste isbetween 330 and 560 Kg/m3.

Some Hard Facts

MSW Management & Handling Rules 2000


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As per these Rules all urban local bodies Have

Responsibilities :

Proper collection, transportation, storage, processingand disposal of the municipal wastes.

Only the residual inerts after due processing of wasteare to be disposed off into a sanitary landfill inaccordance with these rules.

The rules advocate the use of composting,

Biomethanation, pelletization with or without energyrecovery and other thermal processes for adoption asprocessing techniques for municipal wastes.

MSW Management & Handling Rules 2000

Biomethanation Formation of methane by microbes ( methanogens)

CAUTION


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CAUTION

Unscientific and Indiscriminate Waste Disposal is a Threat

to Health, Safety and Environment

Air Pollution Surface & Ground Water Pollution Landscape Scarring

Pest, Parasites and Pathogens

Seek Geological-Geotechnical Advice for Waste Disposal Sites Landfill Site Selection Incineration Site Selection Sewage Treatment Site Selection Trenching Ground Site Selection Subsurface Drainage Layout Septic Tank Location

Waste Management is Every ones Concern


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LET US PLEDGE OURSELVES

FOR

ZERO WASTE DISPERSALHABITAT

Waste Management is Every ones Concern


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Documents

Waste Managment NKA UPES Mar 2-2k11