Wastewater treatment, module 8

7/21/2019 Wastewater treatment, module 8

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/wastewater-treatment-module-8 1/113

<Jcbuik 4

]lstkwltkr Rrkltjkht

• Lwlrk cn tdk puoiae dklitd lspkets lhb mclis cn

wlstkwltkr trkltjkht

• Loik tc bknahk tdk bksamh nicws tc l wlstkwltkr trkltjkhtpilht

• Loik tc bkseraok lhb baseuss tdk prcekssks ahvcivkb ah

prajlry, skechblry lhb tkrtalry trkltjkht

• Loik tc ecjplrk tdk bannkrkheks oktwkkh tdk naxkb-naij

lhb suspkhbkb mrcwtd systkjs ah oacicmaeli trkltjkht

• Loik tc baseuss tdk jktdcbs lvlailoik ncr hutrakht rkjcvli

Ch ecjpiktach cn tdas jcbuik ycu sdcuib ok7



?Jcbuik 4

]lstkwltkr Rrkltjkht

• 5.2 jaiiach pkcpik, jcstiy edaibrkh, bak lhhuliiy nrcj wltkr-

rkiltkb basklsks

• .2 jaiiach pkcpik ile! leekss tc olsae slhatltach aheiubk tdk

pccrkst ah tdk wcrib

• "." oaiiach pkcpik ile! leekss tc kvkh ajprcvkb wltkr scureks

• Leekss tc slnk wltkr suppiy lhb slhatltach as nuhbljkhtli ncr

okttkr dklitd, pcvkrty liikvaltach lhb bkvkicpjkht #$%C bltl&

'uoiae dklitd lspkets cn wlstkwltkr trkltjkht



5Jcbuik 4

Rypaeli Edlrletkrastaes cn

]lstkwltkr

Cxymkh bkjlhb, (C)* jm+ - 2

.ctli suspkhbkb sciabs jm+ - 5

/atrcmkh jm+ - 5 ls /%5

5 - 0 tctli

'dcspdcrus, jm+ < - "? tctli

.ctli basscivkb sciabs, jm+i 2 - ?

.cxahs km jktlis, crmlhaes

rklsk lhb cai

.ctli eciancrj hujokr+j "*

- "?

keli eciancrj, hujokr+j "2 - "*

keli strkptceceea hujokr+j "5 - "2

;htkrae varus hujokr+j " - "



2Jcbuik 4

]lstkwltkr Rrkltjkht Mclis

• >ahajuj elpatli ecst

• =kialoik lhb kechcjae cpkrltach

• 'rctket puoiae dklitd nrcj echtljahltach cn wltkr

suppiaks

• =kjcvli cn nicltahm, suspkhbkb lhb sciuoik jlttkr



;Jcbuik 4

]lstkwltkr Rrkltjkht Mclis(echt)

• =kbuek (C), 4C), pltdcmkhae crmlhasjs lhb

hutrakht

• ;nnaeakht eciiketach systkj ncr lkrcoae echbatachs

• >lahtlah lkstdktaes cn hlturli wltkr ocbaks, kecicmy

cn wltkr systkjs



>Jcbuik 4

Rrkltjkht Ukiketach

• $lstkwltkr trkltjkht ecjprasks prajlry,

skechblry lhb tkrtalry trkltjkhts

• dk skiketach cn lpprcpraltk trkltjkht prcekssks as

bkpkhbkht upch tdk hlturk lhb strkhmtd cn

pciiutlhts, 1ulhtaty cn nicw, lhb basedlrmk iaekhek

echbatachs



=Jcbuik 4

Bksamh Nicws

%ybrluiae iclbahm • '$$

Crmlhae iclbahm m+e.b • ** - 0 (C)*

• 0 -< /= cr 77

• 0 - < /%5 - /



4Jcbuik 4

Prajlry Rrkltjkht

• dk narst stlmk cn wlstkwltkr trkltjkht ecjprasks

ilrmkiy pdysaeli prcekssks.

• L wkii-bksamhkb prajlry trkltjkht sdcuib rkjcvk

locut 2 - 0*6 cn lhb locut * - 26 (C)*

• L pcssaoik prk-trkltjkht as tdk ah9ketach cn lar, C, %C

lhb prk-edicrahltach an tdk ahniukht as lhlkrcoae

• 'rcekssks aheiubk serkkhahm, mrat rkjcvli lhb prajlry

skttiahm



1Jcbuik 4

Uerkkhs

• axkb cr jkedlhaeli

• :kiceaty ah edlhhkis locut .5 - .2 j+s

• :kiceaty tdrcumd cpkhahms locut .? - " j+s

• Lii serkkhahms tc ok rkjcvkb+ourakb

• celtach cn strchm cbcur nrcj bkecjpcsatach

dk rkjcvli cn ilrmk co9kets tdlt jly bljlmkpujps cr oice! edlhhkis



Jcbuik 4 <0

Jkedlhaeli

olr serkkh



Jcbuik 4 <<

_ctltahm r!j serkkh



<?Jcbuik 4

Ecjjah!tcrs

• dksk lrk jkedlhaeli euttahm serkkhs

tdlt rkbuek tdk sa8k cn ilrmk co9kets

• drkbbkb jlttkr lrk rkturhkb tc tdk nicw

strklj

• L oy-plss jly ok aheiubkb



Jcbuik 4 <5

Ecjjah!tcr



<2Jcbuik 4

Mrat Edljokrs

• 'urpcsk as tc rkjcvk ahcrmlhae mrat+slhb . - " jj

sa8k tdrcumd bannkrkhtali skttiahm

• Laj as tc prkvkht bljlmk tc pujps, oice!lmk cn

edlhhkis lhb ekjkhtahm cn siubmk ah skttiahm tlh!s

• wc typks cn mrat edljokrs, hljkiy echstlht vkiceaty

lhb lkrltkb+sparli nicw tlh!s



<;Jcbuik 4

Echstlht "kiceaty Mrat Edljokr

• 4ilss 3 skttiahm - dcra8chtli nicw

• @hancrj vkiceaty lt .* - .5* j+s

• 3bkli plrlociae sdlpk cr lpprcxajltach

• $abtd7bkptd rltac "7"

• khmtd ≫ "< x jlx. bkptd



Jcbuik 4 <>

4chstlht :kiceaty rat 4dljokr



<=Jcbuik 4

#krltk cr Uparli Nicw Mrat Edljokr

• ikxaoaiaty cn echtrci jcrk knnaeakht mrat rkjcvli lhb

elh lssast prk-lkrltach

• uatloik ncr ilrmkr pcpuiltach O " kp

• %= cn locut 5 jah lt '$$



Jcbuik 4 <4

#krltk cr Uparli Nicw Mrat Edljokr



Jcbuik 4 <1

"crtk$ Nicw Mrat Edljokr



?0Jcbuik 4

Prajlry Ukajkhtltach

• lrmkiy eilss 33 skttiahm cn niceeuikht jlttkr lhb hlturliecliksekhek cr niceeuiltach ceeurs

• L tkst eciujh as uskb tc kstloiasd skttiahm

edlrletkrastaes lhb ecrrketach nletcr cn .?* - .<* as

lppiakb tc cvkrnicw rltk lhb ".* - ".* tc bktkhtach tajkvliuks

• 'kr ekht rkjcvli E Υ∎dh#=h B =hB"&+#d&

• dk skttikb sciabs lrk pujpkb tc lh lhlkrcoaebamkstach tlh!. dk knniukht #skttikb skwlmk& nrcj

prajlry trkltjkht nicws tc tdk hkxt stlmk a.k. skechblry

trkltjkht



Jcbuik 4 ?<

Prajlry Ukajkhtltach

'kr ekht rkjcvkb E βd"#=" B =&+#d*& B βd#= B =5&+# d* & B ...



??Jcbuik 4

Ucjk Nklt!rks cn Prajlry Ukttiahm

• )ksamh tc leekpt tc 5 x L)$

• =kjcvli cn 2 - 0*6 suspkhbkb sciabs

• cjk aheabkhtli (C)* rkbuetach * - 26

• %ybrluiae iclbahm K+L ≄ 5 j5+j.b

• %= ".* tc 5 d bkptd .* tc * j

• ;vkh ahikt bastraoutach O 5 j+s

• iubmk serlpkrs sdcuib hct elusk rk-suspkhsach



Jcbuik 4 ?5

'rajlry skttiahm 6

rkjcvkb vs tajk



?2Jcbuik 4

Rypks cn Prajlry Ukttiahm tlh%s

• lh!s usk ikss splek

• crwlrb vkiceaty " - "* jj+s

• $kar iclbahm rltk N 5 j5+j.b

• khmtd7wabtd rltac 57"

=ketlhmuilr dcra8chtli-nicw



Jcbuik 4 ?;

=ketlhmuilr dcra8chtli-nicw



?>Jcbuik 4


• 1ulrk watd ?c siubmk dcppkr

• /c jcvahm plrts ls siubmk as rkjcvkb

dybrcstltaeliiy

• cjk pcssaoik plrtaeik elrry cvkr

@p-nicw tlh!



Jcbuik 4 ?=

@p-nicw skttiahm tlh!



?4Jcbuik 4


• =lbali-dcra8chtli nicw

• @sks rlbali serlpkrs tc rkjcvk siubmk

4areuilr rlbali nicw tlh!



Jcbuik 4 ?1

4areuilr =lbali icw lh!



50Jcbuik 4

Eare!ilr

_lali NicwRlh%



Jcbuik 4 5<

4areuilr =lbali icw lh!



Jcbuik 4 5?

'uitkhky (rabmk

lhb $kar, 4aty cn

(ltd



55Jcbuik 4

Ukechlry Rrkltjkht• 4khtrli prcekss as oacicmaeli ah wdaed

basscivkb crmlhaes lrk utaiaskb oy

jaerccrmlhasjs

• %khek, skechblry trkltjkht as cntkh !hcwh

ls oacicmaeli trkltjkht

• dk echecjatlht mrcwtd cn oacjlss #ekiis&lhb suostrltk rkjcvli just ok nciicwkb oy

skplrltach



52Jcbuik 4

Eilssanaeltach cn Jaerccrmlhasjs

Jaerccrmlhasj Khkrmy scurek Elroch scurek

Lutctrcpdae

• pdctclutctrcpdae iamdt 4C

• edkjclutctrcpdae ahcrmlhae cxabltach-rkbuetach rkletach

4C

%ktkrctrcpdae

• pdctcdktkrctrcpdae iamdt crmlhae elroch

• edkjcdktkrctrcpdae crmlhae cxabltach-rkbuetach rkletach

crmlhae elroch



Jcbuik 4 5;

ypaeli jaerccrmlhasjs ah letavltkb siubmk



5>Jcbuik 4

&acicmaeli prcekssks

• Lkrcoae echbatach M prkskhek cn nrkkjcikeuilr cxymkh

• Lhlkrcoae echbatach M bkvcab cn nrkkjcikeuilr cxymkh

• Lhcxae M loskhek cn nrkk jcikeuilr

cxymkh out prkskhek cn hatrltk



5=Jcbuik 4

Rypks cn Jktlociasj

• lkrcoae jaerccrmlhasjs mkhkrltk khkrmy oy

kh8yjk-jkbaltkb kiketrch trlhspcrt nrcj lhkiketrch bchcr tc lh kxtkrhli kiketrch leekptcr

km C

• lhcxae prcekss usks /C5- lhb C2

- ls tdk

kiketrch leekptcrs

=ksparltcry jktlociasj



54Jcbuik 4

Rypks cn Jktlociasj

• lhlkrcoae prcekssks tdlt bc hct ahvcivk lh

kxtkrhli kiketrch leekptcr

• prcekss as ikss khkrmy knnaeakht lhb as

edlrletkraskb oy icw mrcwtd rltks lhb icw ekii yakib

• nleuitltavk lhlkrcoks elh sdant nrcj nkrjkhtltavk tc

lkrcoae rksparltcry jktlociasj bkpkhbahm ch tdkloskhek cr prkskhek cn C

krjkhtltavk jktlociasj



51Jcbuik 4

Ucjk Echekpts cn &acicmaeliRrkltjkht

• (acicmaeli mrcwtd eurvk

• ccb7jaerccrmlhasj rltac ak +>

• axkb-naij #lttledkb& systkj lhb

suspkhbkb mrcwtd systkj



20Jcbuik 4

&acicmaeli mrcwtd e!r'k

• lm pdlsk

• cm-mrcwtd cr kxpchkhtali pdlsk

• tltachlry pdlsk

• cm-bkltd cr khbcmkhcus pdlsk



Jcbuik 4 2<

(acjlss mrcwtd lhb suostrltk rkjcvli eurvks

&acjlssEB 's tajk

*

"

"*

*

5

5*

2 ? <dc!rs

E ) B j m ( *

"

5

2

*

?

0

& a c

j l s s j m ( *

4C)(acjlss



2?Jcbuik 4

NJ rltac

• ccb as tdk suostrltk a.k. #K x &

• >aerccrmlhasjs a.k. #rkletcr vciujk xoacjlss eche.&

• +> as kxprksskb ls t-"

• +> as uskb ls l prkiajahlry bksamh eratkrach



25Jcbuik 4

Na$k+Naij Uystkjs

• lhb trkltjkht, trae!iahm lhb rctltahm

oacicmaeli naitkrs lrk prkbcjahlhtiylkrcoae oacicmaeli prcekssks

• lhb trkltjkht a.k. orclbelstahm cnskwlmk as chk cn tdk klriakst ncrjs cnwlstkwltkr trkltjkht



22Jcbuik 4

Rrae%iahm Naitkr

• )kvkicpjkht cn l oacnaij ch lh ahkrt surnlek

wdkrk jlerc lhb jaerccrmlhasjs orkl! bcwh

crmlhae jlttkr

• /lturli sicumdahm cn tdk oacnaij cwahm tc lkrcoae

mrcwtd, bkely lhb sdklr strkss lt tdk ahtkrnlek

• aitkr jkbauj vcabs prcjctk lar eareuiltach lhb

lkrcoae echbatach



Jcbuik 4 2;

Rrae%iahm Naitkr



Jcbuik 4 2>

rae!iahm naitkrs lt $ktliil



Jcbuik 4 2=

3htkrletach cn oacnaij



24Jcbuik 4

Rrae%iahm Naitkr (echt)

• )ksamh ncr '$$

• ajpiaeaty ah echstruetach out iattik echtrci

• ;lsk cn cpkrltach out damd ahatali elpatli ecst

• (lilhek cn dybrluiae lhb crmlhae iclbahm

hkeksslry tc prkvkht eicmmahm cn vcabs



21Jcbuik 4

Rrae%iahm Naitkr (echt)

• (C) rkjcvli knnaeakhey ; E "+D" B .22∗#$+:&A

• pkkb cn bastraoutcr as erataeli

• =keareuiltach rltac .* - 5

• %ujus siubmk prcbuetach .5 - .* m+m (C)*

rkjcvkb



;0Jcbuik 4

_ctltahm &acicmaeli

Echtlet ,hat• L naxkb-naij lkrcoae prcekss ecjprasahm cn ilrmk

hujokr cn bases rctltahm dlin suojkrmkb ah l tlh!

• $lstkwltkr nicws tdrcumd tdk tlh!

• )kvkicpjkht cn oacnaij ch tdk base tdlt ahtkrlets

watd tdk wlstkwltkr

• dk rctltahm oacicmaeli echtlet uhats lrk ecjpletwatd icw khkrmy echsujptach



Jcbuik 4 ;<

L rctltahm

oacicmaeliechtlet uhat



;?Jcbuik 4

U!spkhk Mrcwtd Uystkjs

• >aerccrmlhasjs lrk dkib ah suspkhsach ls l damdechekhtrltach niceeuikht, oui!y jlttkr tdrcumd lmatltach,

starrahm

• dk jaerccrmlhasjs ahtkrlet watd ahniukht wlstkwltkr

lhb oacbkmrlbk crmlhae jlttkr ahtc 4C, %C lhb oy-prcbuets, rkiklsahm khkrmy ncr mrcwtd cn hkw ekiis

• dk leta'ltk si!mk prcekss as lh kxljpik cn lh

lkrcoae suspkhbkb mrcwtd systkj. dk lhlkrcoae

bamkstkr ncr tdk orkl! bcwh cn wlstk siubmk as lhkxljpik cn lh lhlkrcoae suspkhbkb mrcwtd systkj



;5Jcbuik 4

#eta'ltk Ui!mk Prcekss

• 3hniukht #cr skttikb skwlmk nrcj prajlry trkltjkht&

khtkrs tdk rkletcr #lkrltcr tlh!& wdkrk echtljahlhts lrk

oacbkmrlbkb oy skiketkb jaerccrmlhasjs

• =kletach prcekssks iklb tc tdk rkbuetach cnechtljahlhts lhb aherklsk cn oacjlss #ekiis&

• 3h tdk letavltkb siubmk prcekss tdk oacjlss as cntkh

rknkrrkb ls tdk jaxkb ia1ucr vciltaik suspkhbkb sciabs

#>:&

• > as tdk jaxkb ia1ucr suspkhbkb sciabs #>: ≄

.< >&



;2Jcbuik 4

#eta'ltk Ui!mk Prcekss (echt)

• dk oacjlss as skplrltkb ah l nahli skbajkhtltach tlh!

#eilranakr& ls skttikb siubmk lhb rkeareuiltkb ls rkturh

letavltkb siubmk #=L& tc tdk rkletcr

• dk eilranakb knniukht as cntkh cn l stlhblrb tdlt jly okbasedlrmkb ahtc rkekavahm wltkrs

• dk =L aherklsks tdk >: echekhtrltach ah tdk

rkletcr

• c jlahtlah l bksamhkb >: #lt stklby stltk& scjk

oacjlss just ok wlstkb



Jcbuik 4 ;;

Letavltkb siubmk prcekss watd litkrhltavk wlstahm iceltachs



;>Jcbuik 4

Ucjk Nklt!rks cn tdk #eta'ltk Ui!mk

Prcekss

• )ksamh ncr ')$ lhb +> rltac

•ystkj as lkrcoae rk1uarks .* - jm+ )C usahmbannuskb lar, surnlek lkrltcrs, turoahks

• >aerccrmlhasjs lrk jlahiy lkrcoae G nleuitltavk

dktkrctrcpds lhb scjk lutctrcpds ncr hatranaeltach.

• >aerccrmlhasjs lrk !kpt ah suspkhsach oy jaxahm



;=Jcbuik 4


Prcekss (echt)

• iubmk rkeyeik #=L& as lh ksskhtali plrt cn tdk prcekss.

•Cwahm tc rkeyeik tdk %= as hct tdk sljk ls tdk sciabsrktkhtach tajk #=& cr siubmk lmk

• iubmk lmk as echtrciikb oy wlstahm tdk ecrrket jlss cn

siubmk blaiy

• δ e E T ^ +D\w T w B #\ - \w & T kA



;4Jcbuik 4


Prcekss (echt)

• >axkb ia1ucr suspkhbkb sciabs #>& as l jaxturk cn

jaerccrmlhasjs lhb plrtaeuiltk jlttkr

• > skrvks ls l 1ulhtatltavk jklsurk cn letavltkb

siubmk echekhtrltach

• ahli eilranakrs skplrltk tdk > nrcj tdk trkltkb

wlstkwltkr usahm eilss 333 lhb 3: ncr skttiahm lhb

tdae!khahm siubmk

• 4ilranakr tlh!s lrk usuliiy eareuilr " - 5 j bal. lhb

bkptd as ajpcrtlht 2 - 2.* j



;1Jcbuik 4


Prcekss (echt)

• >axahm rkmajks ah rkletcr tlh!s jly ok pium nicw cr

ecjpiktkiy jaxkb systkj

• kvkrli vlraltachs cn letavltkb siubmk prcekssks lrk

pcssaoik

• dksk rlhmk nrcj tdk echvkhtachli systkjs watd damd

+> tc kxtkhbkb lkrltach pilhts watd icw +>

• (kttkr knniukht 1uliaty nrcj letavltkb siubmk pilhts

ecjplrkb watd trae!iahm naitkrs



>0Jcbuik 4

-yrl!iae Edlrletkrastaes cn _kletcr

Rlh%s

• ;led kikjkht dls tdk sljk rksabkhek tajk

• chm lhb hlrrcw ah bajkhsach

• /c ichmatubahli jaxahm

• (C) damdkst lt ahikt

'ium nicw systkj



><Jcbuik 4


Rlh%s

• )C icwkst lt ahikt

• cwkr lvkrlmk >

• dkcrktaeliiy jcrk knnaeakht tdlh ecjpiktkiy jaxkb nicws

'ium nicw systkj #echt&



>?Jcbuik 4


Rlh%s

• ;led kikjkht jly hct dlvk tdk sljk %=

• 4chtahucus lhb tdcrcumd jaxahm

• =ketlhmuilr tlh!s, typaeliiy ? -0 j wabtd x 5-* j bkptd

• @hancrj > lhb (C)

4cjpiktkiy-jaxkb systkj



>5Jcbuik 4


Rlh%s

• %amdkr >

• uostrltk echekhtrltach ah tlh! lhb knniukht lrk k1uli

• (kttkr rksastlhek tc sdce! dybrluiae lhb pciiutlht iclbs

• (kttkr rksastlhek tc tcxae iclbs

4cjpiktkiy-jaxkb systkj #echt&



Jcbuik 4 >2

3h prletaek hch-

abkli nicw ceeurs



Jcbuik 4 >;

Lrkls cn sdcrt-eareuatahm lhb ahecjpiktk jaxahm



>>Jcbuik 4

#krltach

• wc-naij tdkcry - l pdysaeli jlss trlhspcrt lercss

mls naij lhb ia1uab naij

• cr tdk trlhsnkr cn mls jcikeuiks nrcj tdk mls

pdlsk tc tdk ia1uab pdlsk, siamdtiy sciuoik mlsks

khecuhtkr tdk prajlry rksastlhek nrcj tdk ia1uab

naij

• :kry sciuoik mlsks khecuhtkr tdk prajlry

rksastlhek tc trlhsnkr nrcj tdk mlskcus naij



Jcbuik 4 >=

Rwc+naij mls+ia.!a trlhsnkr



Jcbuik 4 >4

#krltachk'aeks



>1Jcbuik 4

#krltach (echt)

• Laj cn tdk lkrltcr - tc aherklsk C trlhsnkr nrcj

ia1uab naij tc tdk oui! ia1uab lt l rltk sunnaeakht tc

jkkt tdk C bkjlhbs cn jktlociasj

• L jl9cr khkrmy echsujahm prcekss

• F Il as tdk cvkrlii cxymkh jlss trlhsnkr ecknnaeakht. 3t

as l nuhetach cn tdk k1uapjkht, tlh! mkcjktry lhb

wlstkwltkr edlrletkrastaes

• Cxymkh trlhsnkr rltk, C= E F Il E ^ !m C+d



=0Jcbuik 4

#krltach (echt)

ypaeli trlhsnkr rltk Fm C +!$.d knnaeakhey

)annuskb lar .? - ". ? - "*6

7urnlek lkrltcr .0 - ".5

?0?0

?0

?;I .F s

R

s

s E ^ E

E E l ∟

∟ δ ο μ C=nakib E



Jcbuik 4 =<

)cjk bannuskr



=?Jcbuik 4

#krltach (echt)

• uhetach cn C ah letavltkb siubmk as l twc stlmk prcekss

• Lkrltach prcvabks tdk )C #kiketrch leekptcr& ncr lkrcoae

jktlociasj

• )C cn .* - jm+ as hkeksslry ncr lkrcoae echbatach

• Lkrltach just olilhek tdk cxymkh uptl!k oy tdk

jaerccrmlhasjs



Jcbuik 4 =5

urnlek orusdks



Jcbuik 4 =2

urnlek lkrltcrs



Jcbuik 4 =;

icltahm surnlek lkrltcr



=>Jcbuik 4

Ukplrltach cn tdk trkltk wlstkwltkr

nrcj tdk scias

• Ceeurs lntkr tdk oacicmaeli cr trlhsncrjltachprcekss

• L pdysaeli prcekss cn skttiahm mkhkrliiy ah lskplrltk tlh!

• 3h scjk prcekssks tdas rkjcvli cn sciabs elh

lisc ceeur ah tdk sljk tlh! out skplrltkb ahtajk



==Jcbuik 4

Nahli Ukajkhtltach Rlh%

• L pdysaeli skplrltach prcekss tc skttik tdk

sciabs #jaerccrmlhasjs, plrtaeuiltk& nrcj tdk

eilranakb knniukht

• dae!kh siubmk as rkturhkb tc tdk rkletcr tlh!

• )ksamh ncr 5 x L)$ cr '$$

• 4ilss 333 lhb 3: skttiahms bkptd as rkikvlht

• $kar cvkrnicw rltk N * j5+j.b



Jcbuik 4 =4

ahli skbajkhtltach tlh!



Jcbuik 4 =1

-ahkrk /chli skttiahm



Jcbuik 4 40

ahli eilranakr



4<Jcbuik 4

Nahli Ukajkhtltach Rlh% (echt)

• 3hvcivks ajpcrtlht nuhetachs

• 4ilranaeltach

M %ybrluiae iclbahm just hct kxekkb tdkskttiahm vkiceaty cn tdk sicwkst skttiahm

plrtaeik

M v s E \+ L ak. 5 - 2 j5+j.b ncr letavltkb

siubmk

M %= ≄ ".* tc d



4?Jcbuik 4

Nahli Ukajkhtltach Rlh% (echt)

• dae!khahm elpleaty as olskb ch tdk Uciabs Niu

!dkcry

• L echekpt cn jlxajuj 1ulhtaty cn sciabs tdlt elh ok

dlhbikb oy l skttiahm tlh! lt l mavkh uhbkrnicw

rkjcvli rltk watdcut lnnketahm pkrncrjlhek. 3t

ahvcivks tdk sciabs iclbahm rltk

• "I E \#" B # & T +#" L& !m+j.b

• >klsurahm tdk skttikloaiaty cn siubmk, :3



Jcbuik 4 45

#hliysas cn scias ni!$



42Jcbuik 4

Ui!mk "ci!jk 0hk$ (U"0)

• L eratkrach ncr jklsurahm tdk skttikloaiaty cn siubmk

• 3t as rkiltkb tc tdk rkeyeiahm cn letavltkb siubmk

• :3 as bknahkb ls tdk skttikb vciujk cn siubmk#j+& ah 5 jahutks pkr uhat > #jm+&

• :3 cn * - " j+m ahbaeltk mccb bkhsk siubmk

• :3 O "* j+m lrk iamdt, pccriy ecjpletahm

#oui!ahm siubmk&



4;Jcbuik 4

Nletcrs lnnketahm U"0

• kwlmk ecjpcsatach rkiltachsdap oktwkkh

8ccmickli lhb nailjkhtcus mrcwtd lrk

bkpkhbkht ch ahbustrali wlstks, elrocdybrltks

kte

• )kmrkk cn ichmatubahli jaxahm ah rkletcr tlh!

pium nicw as ikss prchk tc oui!ahm

• Lhcxae echbatachs lhb hatranyahm systkjs rksuit ahicw :3



4>Jcbuik 4

_kt!rh #eta'ltk Ui!mk (_#U)

• =kprkskhts tdk uhbkrnicw cn tdk nahli

eilranakr tc tdk rkletcr tlh!

• Lh ksskhtali nklturk cn tdk letavltkb siubmk

systkj tc jlahtlah tdk bksarkb >

• =ltk cn rkturh letavltkb siubmk vlraks nrcj

tc "*6 cn L)$

=ltk cn rkturh, = E "+D"? +# T .:3& - "A



4=Jcbuik 4

Rypks cn #eta'ltk Ui!mk Uystkjs

• Cpkrltks lt +> rltacs cn . tc .*

• )ksamh tc rkjcvk (C) lhb jly lisc hatrany

• 'ium nicw, iajatkb ichmatubahli jaxahm, sparli nicw lichm

tlh! tdrcumd bannuskrs

• =kletcr tlh!s lrk ichm, hlrrcw up tc "* j ikhmtd

$7) E "7" tc .7" ) E 5 tc * j $ E ? tc " j

• ajatkb rksastlhek tc sdce! lhb tcxae iclbs

4chvkhtachli letavltkb siubmk



44Jcbuik 4


• ystkjs cpkrltk watd icw crmlhae iclbahms #+>&

damd δe lhb damd %=

• 'rcekss jahajasks siubmk dlhbiahm, echsk1ukhtiydlvk hc prajlry skbajkhtltach tlh!s

• 3herklskb khbcmkhcus rksparltach rksuits ah ikss

siubmk, out aherklsk C bkjlhb

4chtahucus kxtkhbkb lkrltach prcekss



41Jcbuik 4


• ;xdaoats ecjpiktkiy jaxkb dkhek jcrk stloik tc

niuetultachs ah nicw lhb iclbahm #crmlhae& rk1uarks

ikss strahmkht rkeyeik

• ;xljpiks lrk echtahucus cxabltach batedks km.

elrcuskis

4chtahucus kxtkhbkb lkrltach prcekss #echt&



Jcbuik 4 10


# a n # ta t Ui



1<Jcbuik 4

# ecjplrasch cn #eta'ltk Ui!mk

Uystkjs

Echvkh!achli K!khbkb lkrl!ach

lrmk nicws jlii nicws

'ium nicw 4cjpiktkiy jaxkb

%= 2 M < d %= "< M 5? d

+> . M .2 +> .2 M ."*

iubmk lmk * M "* b iubmk lmk O "* b

> "* M 5 jm+ > 5 M ? jm+

(C) rkjcvkb < MI6 (C) rkjcvkb <* M I*6

= .* M .* = .0* M ".*



Jcbuik 4 1?

4chtahucus kxtkhbkb lkrltach prcekss



15Jcbuik 4

• (acicmaeli cxabltach lhb nahli eilranaeltach ceeur ah

tdk sljk tlh!7 nuhetachs lrk chiy skplrltkb ah tajk

• 'rajlry trkltjkht as hct hkeksslry

• rkltkb lhb eilranakb wltkr as bkelhtkb ahtkrjattkhtiy

out rlw skwlmk as nkb echtahucusiy

• iubmk as wlstkb burahm tdk lkrltach eyeik tcjlahtlah l echstlht > cn 5* - * jm+

3htkrjattkht )kelhtahm ;xtkhbkb Lkrltach #3);L&



12Jcbuik 4

• Lh kxljpik cn tdk ahtkrjattkht bkelhtahm kxtkhbkb

lkrltach prcekss skrvahm * tc kp

• 2 dcurs cpkrltahm eyeik ncr hcrjli cpkrltach 5pdlsks pkr eyeik echtrciikb oy lh lutcjltae tajahm

bkvaek

• Lkrltach .* d

• kttiahm ". d

• ;nniukht bkelhtahm .* d

'lsvkkr Cxabltach )ated



1;Jcbuik 4

• 4dklpkr tdlh echtahucus letavltkb siubmk

systkjs

• ;lsaiy jcbanakb tc rkjcvk hutrakhts

• ;lsy cpkrltach lhb jahajuj lttkhblhek

>l9cr lbvlhtlmks cn tdk 3);L prcekss



1>Jcbuik 4

• %amd cpkrltahm khkrmy rk1uarkjkhts

• iubmks lrk cntkh bannaeuit tc skttik

• /ct suatloik ncr ilrmk nicws

)aslbvlhtlmks cn tdk 3);L prcekss



1=Jcbuik 4

Basahnketach

• 4dicrahk rkjlahs tdk ecjjch basahnketach lmkht

• L echtlet tajk cn - 5 jahutks as rk1uarkb

• >ued bkoltk echtahuks ch tdk usk cn edicrahk

• Ctdkr khvarchjkhtliiy nrakhbiy jktdcbs lrk

prknkrrkb sued ls7

• @:, c8chk, jkjorlhk naitrltach, lrtanaeali wktilhbs

kechblry trkltjkht waii rkjcvk up tc I<6 cn

jaerccrmlhasjs lhb "* - "0+" j cn eciancrj rkjlahs



Jcbuik 4 14

/lhc-jkjorlhk naitrltach



11Jcbuik 4

<!trakht _kjc'li

• ctli hatrcmkh jly ok locut 5* jm+ lhb tctli

pdcspdcrus < jm+ lntkr skechblry trkltjkht

• =lw skwlmk ecjpcsatach cn 47/7' ≄ "7*7?

• /crjli pilht mrcwtd chiy hkkb 47/7' cn

"7"*7"

dk jl9cr ecjpchkhts cn hutrakhts ah wlstkwltkr

lrk hatrltks lhb pdcspdltks. dky echtraoutk tc tdk

kutrcpdaeltach cn rkekavahm wltkr



<00Jcbuik 4

<atranaeltach

3h tdk hatrcmkh eyeik, crmlhae lhb ljjchaujhatrcmkh lrk echvkrtkb narst tc hatratk lhb tdkh tc

hatrltk

cureks7

Crmlhae hatrcmkh #26&

Ljjchauj-hatrcmkh #/%2B M/ ?6&

/atratk-hatrcmkh #/C

J

/&

/atrltk-hatrcmkh #/C5--/&



<0<Jcbuik 4

<atranaeltach (echt)

• Ljjchal ah wlstkwltkr as tcxae tc nasd at dls l damd

C bkjlhb at aherklsks 4i bkjlhb burahm

basahnketach

• 'rajlry trkltjkht rkjcvks N 6 ahniukht hatrcmkh

• kechblry trkltjkht rkjcvks locut 56 eujuiltavk

• ajat ncr ljjchauj-/ ah trkltkb knniukht N jm+



<0?Jcbuik 4


• /atranaeltach as l -stlmk prcekss oy bannkrkht typks cn

lkrcoae lutctrcpdae oletkral

•/%2

B

B #5+&C E /C-

B %B

B %C

• /C- B #"+&C E /C5

-

• /atranyahm oletkral lrk skhsatavk tc tcxae suostlheks

mrcw jcrk sicwiy #damd δe& cptajuj tkjp <-5Ic4

lhb bkerklsks watd icw tkjp



<05Jcbuik 4


• Cpkrltahm p% ?.* M <

• /atranaeltach rkbueks li!liahaty #0." m cn li!liahaty ls

4l4C5 as kxdlustkb oy " m /%2B

-/& hatranakb&

• /atranaeltach as lbvkrskiy lnnketkb oy +> O .2 M .?

• >ahajuj )C ".* jm+ as rk1uarkb



Jcbuik 4 <02

Bkhatranaeltach

• )khatranaeltach as l typk cn rksparltach elrrakb cut oy

nleuitltavk dktkrctrcpds l prcekss !hcwh ls lhcxae ls/C5- as tdk tkrjahli kiketrch leekptcr

• Crmlhae-4 B /C5- E 4C B %C B C%- B / B khkrmy

• Li!liahaty as aherklsk out oy locut dlin tdk ljcuht rkjcvkboy hatranaeltach

4chvkrsach cn hatrltks #bkravkb nrcj hatranaeltach& tchatrcmkh mls



Jcbuik 4 <0;

Bkhatranaeltach (echt)

• )C ahdaoats bkhatranaeltach

• L elroch scurek just ok lvlailoik #kxtkrhli cr rkeyeikb

khbcmkhcus elroch&

• cjk (C) as rkjcvkb out jcrk sicwiy tdlh lkrcoae

rksparltach

• )khatranaeltach elh ok ahbuekb ah tdk lhcxae plrt cn naxkb

mrcwtd systkjs oy jl!ahm tdk naitkr okb bkkpkr #.* M 5 j&out usk cn letavltkb siubmk as tdk hcrjli prcekss



Jcbuik 4 <0>

Bkhatranaeltach (echt)

• 3h echvkhtachli letavltkb siubmk, tdk lhcxae 8chk watdah

tdk rkletcr tlh! jly ok 5 M 26 cn vciujk lhb prkekbks

tdk lkrcoae 8chk

• 3h elrcuski systkjs, tdk kstloiasdjkht cn sk1ukhtalilkrcoae 8chks ecupikb watd ichm %= lhb damd δe prcjctk

khbcmkhcus bkhatranaeltach

• )khatranaeltach elh ok ledakvkb ah skplrltk rkletcrs usahm

suatloik crmlhae scurek



Jcbuik 4 <0=

Pdcspdcr!s _kjc'li

• Crtdcpdcspdltk #rkjcvkb oy edkjaeli+cr oacicmaeli prcekssks&

• 'ciypdcspdltk

• Crmlhae pdcspdcrus

• 'ciypdcspdltk lhb crmlhae pdcspdcrus lrk ikss klsaiyrkjcvkb uhtai trlhsncrjkb tc crtdcpdcspdltk lntkr

skechblry trkltjkht

cureks lrk nrcj bcjkstae wlstkwltkr, trlbk lhblmraeuiturli wlstks usuliiy prkskht ah 5 ncrjs



Jcbuik 4 <04

Pdcspdcr!s _kjc'li (echt)

• Locut "6 cn ahsciuoik pdcspdcrus elh ok rkjcvkb oy

prajlry skttiahm

• 4chvkhtachli oacicmaeli trkltjkht rkjcvks l nurtdkr "* -

5*6 oy lssajailtach burahm oacjlss mrcwtd, out l wkiibksamhkb (/= #oacicmaeli hutrakht rkjcvli& pilht elh

rkjcvk up tc I*6 cn '

• Lijcst lii sciuoik pdcspdcrus elh ok rkjcvkb oy edkjaeli

prkeapatltach



Jcbuik 4 <01


• ajk, 4lB

• Liujahauj suinltk, Li5B

• krrcus suinltk #pae!ik ia1ucr&, kB

• krrae edicrabk + nkrrae suinltk, k5B

• =kiltavk ecst cn eclmuilhts, Li5B O k5B O kB O 4lB

• p% rlhmk ncr liujahauj lhb arch slits *.* tc 0

@sahm edkjaeli prkeapatltach



Jcbuik 4 <<0


• Chk kxljpik as tdk jcbanakb @havkrsaty cn 4lpk cwh

jcbki #@4& ncr oacicmaeli hutrakht rkjcvli

• )khatranyahm pilhts elh ok jcbanakb oy l nkrjkhtltach8chk lt tdk dklb cn tdk lkrltach tlh!

• kiketavk mrcwtd cn oletkral #leahktcoletkr& loscros

tdk pdcspdcrus

• )laiy wlstahm cn letavltkb siubmk rkjcvks tdk stcrkb

pdcspdcrus

L jcrk knnaeakht prcekss as oacicmaeli pdcspdcrus rkjcvli



Jcbuik 4 <<<

(acicmaeli pdcspdcrus rkjcvli

>cbanakb (lrbkhpdc prcekss

(a i a i d d i



Jcbuik 4 <<?

(acicmaeli pdcspdcrus rkjcvli

'dcspdltk trlhspcrt ah lhb cut cn oletkral



?h cn Jc!ik 5

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Wastewater treatment, module 8