Water Worth 2

8/8/2019 Water Worth 2

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Cyborg, Self and OtherCyborg, Self and Other

Whats this got to do wth presence?

Presence is a feeling The result of a psychological mechanism

Differentiates internal from external:

the Self from the Other

Whats the role of technology?

As part of Self

As part of Other


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OutlineOutline

questions

suggestions

examples

and then ..... more questions


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Are we not men?Are we not men? We are Devo

De-evolving beings?

What is a cyborg? A body that is part machine, or

A self that is part machine

Is there a difference?

Are we cyborgs? If Yes .. then Where is the line between self and other?


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Something is happeningSomething is happening

What?

Is happening?

Where?

In the world, or in my mind? If in the world ...

To/by whom?

Am I acting in the world, or are you?(ref: Becchio and Bertone)


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Can you tickle yourself?Can you tickle yourself?

No?

Why not?

Yes?

Is it your self who is tickling yourself? Or are you yourself tickling your self?

Is there a difference?

Are we all the same in this respect?

Could you make a self-tickling machine?(ref: Bentall)


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SuggestionsSuggestions


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Questions of survival:

Is this happening in the world around me, oronly in my mind?(answered by how present I feel in external environment)

Is this likely to be true or is it fiction?(answered on the basis of a reality judgment)

Do I need to avoid this, and how urgently?

(answered by an emotionalexperience/reaction)The answers to these questions affect each other

Emotion, Presence and Reality JudgementEmotion, Presence and Reality Judgement


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Three layers of presenceThree layers of presence

Proto presence Me versus not-me

Proprioception

Core presence Me in the 3D world Perception

Extended presence The significance to me of what happens Conception (ref: Damasio,

Riva and Waterworth)


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Presence in MediaPresence in Media

Conceptual Media (Extended) novels, radio programmes, etc..

Perceptual Media (Core) photographs, paintings, cinema, etc..

Prioprioceptive Media (Proto) immersive VR, motorised games, etc.

Media schemata Cultural changes Personal changes

Personal differences The need for biofeedback What is detected is emotion, not presence

(ref: Ijsselsteijn)


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Three layers of presence in mediaThree layers of presence in media

Emotions operate at all three layers

orientation and intensity, selective attention, remembered associations


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BeingBeing--inin--thethe--world: presenceworld: presence

and time perceptionand time perception

Solving a logicalpuzzle

(Low presence/fast time)

Climbing a difficultrock face

(High presence/fast time)

High working

memory load

Daydreaming

(Low presence/

slow time)

Watching the sun set

(High presence/

slow time)

Low working

memory load

Internal world

focus

External world

focus


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Effect of personalityEffect of personalityTendency to

Low Presence High Presence

Old YoungAwareness of themes Awareness of perceptual details

Sensory deprivation Rich sensory stimulationIntroversion ExtroversionDepression ManiaSedatives, alcohol Stimulants, psychedelicsHigh error on vigilance Low error on vigilance tasks

Infrequent sampling Frequent stimulus samplingLong reaction times Short reaction timesIdeological bias Experiential bias


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ExamplesExamples


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interactiveinteractive

moodmood devicedevice(VE, sound, vision,(VE, sound, vision,tactile stimulation)tactile stimulation)

moodmoodreflectivereflective

thoughtthought

meaningmeaning

emotionemotionembodiedembodiedresponsesresponses

presencepresence absenceabsence

constructingconstructing vital narrativesvital narratives

exploring moods by navigating/interacting in virtual spaceexploring moods by navigating/interacting in virtual space

PsychoPsycho--feedbackfeedback

3 Mood Devices3 Mood Devices addressing mental health problems:addressing mental health problems:

stress, anxiety, depressionstress, anxiety, depression

Physiological/postural feedbackPhysiological/postural feedback

(3 examples(3 examples))


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Exploring moods: the ExploratoriumExploring moods: the Exploratorium

The Body Joystick (economical wireless vest)The Body Joystick (economical wireless vest)

Navigation by leaning the body and breathingNavigation by leaning the body and breathing

(measures spine orientation and upper chest size)(measures spine orientation and upper chest size)

- For mental and physical rehabilitation

paradiso

purgatorio

inferno

A narrative (a game)

Visual and auditory effects

Moving around, flying, falling


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The Exploratorium: Effect on moodThe Exploratorium: Effect on mood

HIGH VALENCEHIGH VALENCE

(pleasant)(pleasant)

purgatoriopurgatorio

LOW VALENCELOW VALENCE

(unpleasant)(unpleasant)

LOWLOW

AROUSALAROUSAL(calm)(calm)

InfernoPurgatorioParadiso

Mean

7,0

6,5

6,0

5,5

5,0

4,5

4,0

3,5

3,0

Valence

Arousal

paradisoparadiso

infernoinferno

HIGHHIGH

AROUSALAROUSAL(excited)(excited)

Different zones elicit different emotionsDifferent zones elicit different emotionsMoving between zones changes moodMoving between zones changes mood


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Relaxation IslandRelaxation IslandPortable content: Immersive VR, home TV, mobile phonePortable content: Immersive VR, home TV, mobile phone

Interaction by seashellInteraction by seashell (+ body joystick for biofeedback)(+ body joystick for biofeedback)


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The Achievement RoomThe Achievement Roomcounteracting depression in immobilised patientscounteracting depression in immobilised patients

The guitarThe guitar

wireless interaction devicewireless interaction device

Audience of avatars react to performance.Audience of avatars react to performance.

Adaptable to other instruments and to only singingAdaptable to other instruments and to only singing


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Main findingsMain findings For a sense of achievement, there must be real

challenge

No joy without pain The more real the experience, the more the 3 layers

come into play Mismatches cause distress

Core presence is NOT affected by reality judgements But extended presence is

Core presence is enhanced by negative emotion

Easy attribution of emotion enhances extendedpresence

Positive emotions generally reduce presence(ref: Russell(ref: Russell))


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Altered beingAltered being--inin--thethe--world:world:

The reality helmetThe reality helmet-Psychedelic altered reality (or altered body) machine- NOT virtual or augmented reality- Cross modal transfer (camera input stereo sound

2 microphones visual display)- Surprisingly popular with the over 85s


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CommentsComments

People have no evolved mechanisms that candistinguish the real from the virtual

They have interacting faculties which separate:

the external from the internal

the plausible from the implausible the pleasant from the unpleasant

These are the mechanisms behind our feelingsduring interactive media experiences

They have evolved to preserve the self


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Back to the questions ...Back to the questions ... Who is a cyborg?

When are you a cyborg?

What is you and what is other?

How important is your body to your senseof self?


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Cyborgs?Cyborgs? Without information technology (media) we

are not human But ....

Conceptual media versus ..

Perceptual and proprioceptive media

Conceptual media part of self?

Needs conscious effort of access i.e Mental (re)construction


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In conclusionIn conclusion We are all cyborgs

But not all IT is part of the self To be part of the self, technology must be create

an external other of which it is not a part

Without conscious effort of access In other words:

We are cyborgs insofar as we usetechnology that produces (core) presence

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Water Worth 2