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Ways of the World
Amy Rosinsky
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QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.Ways of the World
Amy Rosinsky
Chapter 17
The North American Revolution 1775-1787• Struggle for independence from the oppressive British rule• Joined the thirteen colonies into a new nation • The new constitution was created and practiced.
The French Revolution 1789-1815• Arose due to the intense conflict within the French society• Created the World’s largest army with 800,000 men• The absolute monarchy that had ruled France collapsed
Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
The Haitian Revolution 1791-1804• Led to the abolition of slavery• This revolution gave Haiti independence• Removal of the French government
Spanish American Revolution • Interested in making Spanish colonies independent and free• Marked the end of Spanish Rule• This revolution helped develop unique characteristics of the Spanish
Monarchy
Comparing Atlantic Revolutions
Chapter 17
• A movement to end slavery• Newly freed people did not achieve anything close to political
equality, except in Haiti• Europeans wanted to end slavery in Africa as well
Abolition of Slavery Chapter 17
Chapter 18
• “A great acceleration in the rate of technological innovation, leading to an enormously increased output of goods and services”
• New sources of energy– Coal-fired steam engines
– Power loom
– Cotton gin
• The Textile industry grew and expanded the ways people thought of the world.
Industrial Revolution
• The British textile industry expanded their output. (producing 500 million more pounds than in previous years)
• “Railroads crisscrossed Britain and much of Europe like against spider web”
• While Britain was so focused on producing products in the industrial world, only 8% of their national income was made from agricultural jobs.
The First Industrial SocietyChapter 18
• The industrial Industry both destroyed and created for people in that era.
• “In its initial stages it destroyed their old ways of living and left them free to discover or make for themselves new ones, if they could and knew how. But it rarely told them how to set about it” (Eric Hobsbawm)
• Created social conflict, insecurity, and increased the cost of living.
• The industrial Revolution affected everyone differently.
Chapter 18
Industrial Revolution Hardships
• Now that the Industrial Revolution was taking off, there was a huge need for natural resources and raw materials
– Meat, wheat, bananas, rubber, cocoa, palm oil, gold and diamonds, tea, etc…
• Buying and trading radically changed the patterns of economic and social life of all participating countries
• Europeans found it more profitable to invest their money abroad than at home.
Chapter 19
New Motives, New Means
• Wealthy Europeans saw the social benefit to the foreign markets.
• Communication was made much faster due to the underwater telegram and steam-driven ships. Europeans were able to travel across the world and widen their horizon of business.
• Europeans became arrogant in their creative thinking and became hostile and racist to other countries.
• The issue of race began to take over, “Race is everything, civilization depends on it”. (Robert Knox)
Chapter 19
New Motives, New Means
• They way the Europeans viewed themselves as dominant characters in the industrialization period created animosity and a sense of competition among races and countries.
• Through this competitive time, Charles Darwin’s theory of “survival of the fittest” played a very important role.
• This theory helped weed the weak out and allow the strong to grow and become successful.
Chapter 19
New Motives, New Means
• Europeans wanted complete control over bordering nations.
• Their military force was much stronger and much more intimidating than others.
• They had an overwhelming advantage in firepower (rifles, machine guns)
• Everyone in the civilization of India and Southeast Asia lost all of their freedom of action due to the intense actions of the Europeans.
Chapter 20
European Conquests
• Europe was willing to do anything to take over the majority of Africa. If verbal negotiations did not work, brutal and violent battles would be fought.
– “I shall of course go on walloping them until they surrender It’s a rather piteous sight watching a village being knocked to pieces and I wish there was some other way, but unfortunately there isn’t”. (British official)
• Many societies were divided when faced with a response decisions when the Europeans wanted to take over. (fight? Or resist?)
European Conquests
Chapter 20
• For many people, Living under the Europeans rule was a traumatic situation.
• People lost their lives, homes, cattle , crops, and land.
– “Every soul was either shot or bayoneted…We burned all the huts and razed the banana plantations to the ground”. (British soldier)
• Although the life of a European soldier was not something to brag about, many men joined because it was a steady job and provided food for their family and a sense of security.
Under European Rule
Chapter 20
• Europeans pride, confidence and feeling of superiority was a leading cause of the first world war.
• Europe intensely competed for colonies, spheres of influence, and superiority in armaments.
• Other nations were done competing and decided it was war time.
• This war happened at a sudden pace, but the advanced industrialization and technology led to the increase in the death rate.
Chapter 21
Unraveling the First War
• Industrialization and technology made this war one of a kind.
• Submarines, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, machine guns, and barbed wire were utilized.
• The death rate was over 10 million due to these new weapons.
• After America was threatened, they reluctantly joined in 1917 on European soil.
Chapter 21
The Great War
• The war was only expected to last about 4 months, but instead, it lasted 4 long years.
• Trench warfare was what helped in a German defeat.
• The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay heavy reparations to the winner. (Many believe this helped cause the second world war 20 years later)
Chapter 21
Legacies of the Great War
• Russia was the first country to experiment with communism.
• In the 1970’s one-third of the world’s population lived in societies governed by communist regimes.
• Communism began to spread and the Soviet Union began taking control of other nations governmental views.
• This spread of communism served as an example to aspiring revolutionaries.
Chapter 22
Global Communism
• Almost immediately, Russia issued laws that finally included women,
• These laws declared women full legal and political equality, marriage rights, divorce rights, abortion rights, etc…
• In 1919 the Zhenotdel organization was created. This group was made with the women radical leaders with a feminist agenda. – Remarkable experiment in
women's liberation movements.
Chapter 22
Communist Feminism
• Most dangerous aspect of the cold war.
• It was an arms race in nuclear weapons.
• “atomic weapons can hardly be used without spelling the end of the world”. (Stalin)
• The US was forced to intervene when cold war fears of communism increased.
Cuban Missile crisis
Chapter 22
• The India National Congress was the most important political expression in 1885.
• This group was made up of English educated Indians
– Lawyers, journalists, teachers, businessmen…
• Understanding the political world would allow them to to better protect the interests of India.
• Gandhi was one of the most influential people during this struggle, He wanted an independent India with a sense of unity and harmony.
Freedom Struggles
India
Chapter 23
• South Africa had an abundance of gold and diamonds that people around the world were interested in.
• The segregation within South Africa made this a divided nation.
• The White South Africans felt as if they were losing control over the nation so a bloody war broke out among the country.
• Nelson Mandela became an outstanding leader due to his tactics and care for his country and people.
Freedom Struggles
South Africa
Chapter 23
• Africa and other newly freed countries joined forces with China, Thailand, Ethiopia, Iran, Turkey, and Central and South America to help in a time of independence and insecurity.
• These nations were called third world or developing nations
• In the second half of the twentieth century, these countries represented over 75% of the world’s population.
• These nations faced difficulties and hardships everyday as they experimented with the various forms of freedom.
Experimenting with Freedom
Chapter 23
• The circulation of goods, capital, and people began turning our world into a successful and developing nation once again.
• World trade has skyrocketed and created billions of dollars for countries around the globe.
• Super-markets and stores are stocked high with products from all of the world.
• Credit cards made money transfers easy and quick, especially over international borders.
Reglobalization Chapter 24
• Many had some resistance in allowing America to have so much power over the globalization period.
• People were scared that it would turn into another European take over, but America assured everyone that they would not operate in the same vicious manner.
• Unfortunately, as U.S imports greatly exceeded its exports they knew that there was a problem that needed fixing.
• “Once the world’s leading creditor, the United States now became its leading debtor”.
Globalization with an American Empire
Chapter 24
• By the early 1990’s over 14 million Americans joined an environmentalists organizations.
• The German environmental movement became known as the Green Party with the concern of having opposition to nuclear energy.
• Western environmentalists defended forest where few people lived. They wanted to change their values by turning away from materialism and turn to appreciate the fragile and intricate aspects of the outside, natural world.
Green and Global
Chapter 24
