Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
WEATHER AND CLIMATE MONITORING
AT THE
KENYA METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT
By
James K. Muhindi
Kenya Meteorological Department
P.O. Box 30259 – 00100
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: 254-20-3867880
Mobile: 254-722-697801
E-mail: [email protected]
ESTABLISHMENT OF KENYA METEOROLOGICAL
DEPARTMENT (KMD)
• The present Kenya Meteorological Department
(KMD) started as a small colonial service for East
Africa way back in 1929, called the British East
African Meteorological Service (BEAMS), to provide
meteorological and climatological services to various
sectors of the economy.
• KMD became a Department of the Government of
Kenya in 1977 from the previous East African
Meteorological Department (EAMD) after the collapse
of the East African Community (EAC).
2
The Main Purpose of Kenya Meteorological Department
As stated in the WMO Convention, the purpose of aNational Meteorological and Hydrological Service(NMHS), like KMD, is in observing and understandingweather and climate and in providing meteorological,hydrological and related services in support of relevantnational needs such as:
a)Safety of life and protection of property;
b)Safeguarding the environment;
c)Contributing to sustainable development;
44
METEOROLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
The infrastructure that is necessary for anyNMHS to achieve its mandate includes:
• Data Observational systems and network;
• Data telecommunication systems and network;
• Data procession, analysis and forecasting systems;
• Product and information dissemination systems;
• Human resource capital
5
NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL
CENTRE (NMC)
OBSERVATIONS (AWS, AWOS, RADAR, SATELLITE, BUOYS ETC)
TELECOMMUNICATIONS(INTERNET, AMSS, GTS, GSM, VSAT, PHONE, ETC)
DATA PROCESSING AND FORECASTING SYSTEMS
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT(EXPERTISE, SKILLS & COMPETENCE
PRODUCT DISSEMINATION
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
TRANSPORT (LAND, SEA AND AIR)
WATER RESOURCES
HEALTH
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
TOURISM
CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGRI. (WEATHER
INDEX INSURANCE)
CONFLICT EARLY WARNING
CC ADAPTATION & MITIGATION
METEOROLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES
US
ER
IN
TE
RF
AC
E
6
CURRENT OBSERVATIONAL NETWORK
The Department’s Current ObservationalNetwork consists of:
Synoptic Stations:
39 manned 24-hr Synoptic Stations,
14 agro-meteorological stations,
Automatic Weather Observing systems:
72 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs)
3 Airport Weather Observation Systems
(AWOSs) at JKIA, Wilson & MIA
17 Hydromet AWSs for Flood Forecasting
Rainfall Stations:
About 1000 rainfall stations most of which areoperated by Voluntary Observers
7
Automatic and Manual Station
8
CURRENT OBSERVATIONAL NETWORK Contd….
Upper Air Station
• 1 Upper Air Station at Dagoretti Corner• Two other stations at Garissa and Lodwar that are
currently not operational.
Remote Sensing
• 3 Satellite ground receiving stations (2 forMSG and 1 for NOAA satellite data);
9
CURRENT OBSERVATIONAL NETWORK Contd….
Pollution Monitoring
• 1 Global AtmosphereWatch station on Mt.Kenya
• Two stations at Chiromoand JKIA
Ozone measurements
• One Ozone measuring systemin Nairobi (Dagoretti)
Seismic Measurements
• Two Stations in Lodwar andKibwezi operational
10
CURRENT OBSERVATIONAL NETWORK Contd….
Tsunami Early Warning
• Four tidal gauge stations
at Lamu, Malindi, Kilifi
and Shimoni for multi-
hazard detection, ocean
waves, sea level rise,
salinity, sea surface
temperature and water
quality, including tsunami
related at the Coast.
11
Telecommunications Role
• Operating and Maintenance of the WMO
Regional Telecommunication Hub (RTH) to
facilitate the rapid exchange of meteorological
data and products;
• Exchange and transmission of meteorological
data nationally, regionally and internationally;
12
13
14
15
Observed Parameters
Parameters observed include:
Rainfall, Temperature (Actual, Maximum,
Minimum, Soil), Atmospheric Pressure, Humidity,
Wind speed and Direction, Solar Radiation,
Sunshine Hours.
Others: Sea Surface Temperatures (SSTs)
16
Operational Station network in Kenya
Northwestern Kenya
Lodwar, Lokichoggio, Lokitaung.
Northeastern Kenya
Marsabit,Moyale, Wajir, Mandera, Garissa .
Western Kenya
Kitale, Kakamega, Eldoret, Kericho, Kisii,
Kisumu, Suba.
Central Rift Valley
Nyahururu, Nakuru, Kabarak, Nakuru, Narok,
Laikipia.
Central Kenya and Nairobi
Nyeri, Embu, Meru, Thika, Kangema,
Dagoretti, Moi Airbase, Wilson Airport,
JKIA, Ngong,
Southeastern Kenya and the Coastal Strip
Machakos, Makindu, Kitui, Voi, Lamu,
Malindi, Msabaha, Mtwapa, Mombasa
Seasonal Rainfall Distribution
17
March-April-May October-November-December
Daily Rainfall Data – March 2017
18
STATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
MAR-
TOT
LTM-
MAR %MAR
LTM-
MAM %MAM
LODWAR 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 4.8 26.8 17.9 100.6 4.8
MARSABIT 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 1.8 62.6 2.9 368.6 0.5
MOYALE 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 14.2 56.3 25.2 359.2 4.0
GARISSA 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 45.1 0.0 137.4 0.0
WAJIR 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 30.9 0.0 159.4 0.0
MANDERA 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 2.8 20.3 13.8 142.1 2.0
KITALE 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0 39.8 93.8 42.5 440.9 9.0
KAKAMEGA 0 27 7.8 0 4.6 4.7 0.01 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0 209.4 172.5 121.4 680.1 30.8
ELDORET 0 0 0.6 15.2 0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 54.4 70.0 77.8 330.4 16.5
ELDORET AP 0 0 0.0 0.6 0 4.5 0.01 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 48.2 93.6 51.5 416.9 11.6
KERICHO 8.9 5.2 28.8 0 0 16.6 0.01 0.0 6.3 0.0 0.0 0 157.4 175.4 89.7 682.9 23.1
KISII 8.9 2.5 33.6 0 10.8 1.4 0.01 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0 124.9 197.9 63.1 694.3 18.0
KISUMU 0 0 4.8 3.8 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 182.7 163.4 111.8 533.2 34.3
NYAHURURU 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0.01 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 9.4 56.9 16.6 275.8 3.4
NAKURU 0 0 0.0 0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0 4.2 68.3 6.2 318.6 1.3
Temperature Data – March 2017
19
MAXIMUM TEMPERATURESSTATION 1 2 3.0 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16MMT LTM
LODWAR 37.7 38.4 38.8 39.5 39.3 39.9 39.6 39.7 39.8 38.8 39.2 38.0 38.9 38.6 24.1
MOYALE 32.7 32.4 31.8 32.8 33.6 34.0 34.7 35.3 34.8 34.9 34.7 32.3 34.0 32.2 19.4
WAJIR 37.6 38.4 37.0 37.4 38.6 38.3 39.4 40.7 40.1 38.7 39.9 38.0 38.5 37.8 24.0
MANDERA 38.5 39.0 37.5 38.0 39.0 39.2 40.3 40.6 39.8 39.5 40.0 38.0 38.5 38.7 25.2
KITALE 28.2 28.8 28.7 27.1 29.3 29.8 29.3 31.4 28.2 30.5 30.4 30.5 31.9 29.5 12.2
ELDORET 25.3 26.3 25.1 25.3 26.2 27.2 27.0 27.5 27.6 26.3 27.1 25.5 27.7 26.5 10.8
KERICHO 26.8 25.7 24.6 25.4 26.1 25.5 26.9 27.8 24.0 26.4 27.4 27.5 29.0 26.3 10.4
KISII 26.8 27.2 27.0 25.8 27.3 27.6 28.5 30.0 26.0 28.8 30.5 29.5 30.2 27.9 15.8
NYAHURURU 23.9 25.7 25.9 25.7 26.8 27.2 27.2 26.5 26.4 27.7 26.1 25.4 27.6 26.4 7.6
NAKURU 27.8 29.0 29.0 29.1 31.0 30.5 31.0 31.1 30.4 31.7 31.0 29.3 31.5 30.2 10.2
NAROK 25.8 28.2 27.5 23.6 27.8 28.6 28.5 30.0 26.6 29.6 30.5 27.5 29.4 28.0 9.2
NYERI 26.1 29.8 29.4 26.5 29.0 29.5 29.3 28.5 29.0 30.0 29.9 28.0 30.1 28.3 12.3
MERU 26.6 29.2 30.1 28.5 29.2 29.5 29.5 29.2 29.1 27.6 28.5 27.0 29.7 28.4 13.4
JKIA 28.2 30.8 29.6 29.6 30.8 30.0 32.0 31.5 31.0 33.6 30.3 29.7 31.5 30.5 13.7
THIKA 28.2 32.3 30.6 30.4 31.8 32.3 32.4 32.2 31.8 32.1 31.0 29.0 32.8 31.1 14.8
MACHAKOS 27.2 29.3 30.3 29.9 31.3 30.9 31.3 31.0 30.4 31.1 29.8 28.1 30.7 29.7 14.5
VOI 32.7 34.5 36.5 36.1 37.1 36.8 37.2 36.1 36.7 35.2 34.7 33.7 36.2 35.2 20.7
LAMU 33.6 35.0 35.8 35.0 34.0 35.0 34.3 33.3 34.2 34.2 33.7 33.3 34.2 34.7 25.0
MALINDI 31.4 32.0 32.5 33.5 32.0 32.1 29.0 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.0 32.3 32.2 32.3 24.3
MOMBASA 30.0 33.6 34.3 34.8 34.6 33.8 34.5 34.4 35.0 34.4 34.3 34.8 34.5 34.0 24.0
MINIMUM TEMPERATURES
STATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16MMT LTM
LODWAR 24.7 22.0 24.0 24.0 25.8 25.9 25.3 24.5 23.3 23.4 24.6 22.0 22.5 25.0 36.4
MOYALE 19.8 20.9 20.1 20.7 20.3 20.7 21.4 21.9 22.2 21.6 23.2 21.2 20.5 20.9 30.3
WAJIR 24.2 23.6 23.9 24.6 24.6 24.4 24.3 24.0 24.2 24.8 24.9 25.0 23.5 24.8 36.1
KITALE 12.6 13.3 13.6 11.2 12.1 14.5 12.9 11.6 12.2 13.4 13.0 11.6 10.4 12.9 27.5
ELDORET 13.5 10.8 11.0 10.4 10.8 10.6 11.2 11.0 9.1 12.4 11.4 12.2 10.1 11.9 25.4
KERICHO 10.3 14.9 11.2 11.4 11.5 11.0 11.1 9.6 12.5 13.2 8.9 7.6 13.6 11.2 25.0
KISII 15.4 14.9 16.0 14.2 16.3 16.0 15.6 16.2 17.0 16.0 16.0 16.1 17.9 16.4 26.9
NYAHURURU 7.2 5.8 8.5 7.9 6.3 7.5 7.2 5.8 6.2 7.2 6.4 8.1 6.8 7.6 23.6
NAKURU 10.9 9.0 11.5 12.5 11.5 11.0 11.2 10.0 11.5 13.0 11.6 9.5 9.2 11.1 28.0
NAROK 10.4 9.8 12.2 14.4 11.5 12.5 12.0 9.0 11.5 11.7 10.0 8.8 8.9 11.9 26.7
NYERI 10.5 9.0 11.2 12.9 11.8 10.7 10.2 9.0 8.8 9.4 9.3 11.7 10.5 12.4 26.6
MERU 12.5 10.7 11.9 12.7 12.8 11.0 16.4 10.7 10.5 11.0 11.6 12.4 11.1 13.5 26.1
JKIA 15.0 12.0 14.8 17.1 13.2 14.0 13.5 12.5 12.5 13.0 14.2 14.2 14.6 15.1 27.8
THIKA 9.4 7.2 10.5 12.3 9.9 8.8 9.5 6.6 8.2 7.8 8.2 8.2 8.2 9.9 27.5
MACHAKOS 15.3 12.4 14.9 15.8 14.5 13.8 13.5 13.8 12.7 13.1 14.6 15.4 14.7 15.1 27.3
VOI 22.5 20.4 22.3 22.5 21.5 22.1 22.5 21.0 21.7 22.1 22.6 20.5 20.5 22.1 33.5
LAMU 26.2 24.5 23.0 24.5 23.5 23.7 23.2 25.0 24.2 25.3 27.2 26.2 25.2 25.3 32.7
MALINDI 26.7 25.9 25.0 25.5 25.6 24.8 24.8 24.7 23.9 26.5 24.5 25.4 25.0 25.9 32.0
MOMBASA 25.9 24.8 26.0 26.2 25.7 25.6 25.5 24.7 25.4 25.7 24.5 24.9 24.2 25.6 32.6
March 2017 Rainfall
20
0.0
55.8
225.9
11.8
0.0
32.9
198.0
214.0
155.6
160.3
273.6
192.9
150.7
80.8
92.1
91.1
273.2
241.8
242.6
113.1
52.0
58.8
42.0
61.4
62.3
91.1
47.0
21.7
299.7
275.5
384.6
591.5
525.1
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
LO
DW
AR
MA
RS
AB
IT
MO
YA
LE
GA
RIS
SA
WA
JIR
MA
ND
ER
A
KIT
ALE
KA
KA
ME
GA
ELD
OR
ET
ELD
OR
ET
AP
KE
RIC
HO
KIS
II
KIS
UM
U
NY
AH
UR
UR
U
NA
KU
RU
NA
RO
K
NY
ER
I
EM
BU
ME
RU
LA
IKIP
IA
M.A
.B.
DA
GO
RE
TT
I
WIL
SO
N
JK
IA
TH
IKA
MA
CH
AK
OS
MA
KIN
DU
VO
I
LA
MU
MA
LIN
DI
MS
AB
AH
A
MT
WA
PA
MO
MB
AS
A
Rain
fall
(mm
)
Stations
FIGURE 1A: MARCH 2017 RAINFALL PERFORMANCE
TOTAL LTM(MAY)
0.0
55.8
225.9
11.8
0.0
32.9
198.0
214.0
155.6
160.3
273.6
192.9
150.7
80.8
92.1
91.1
273.2
241.8
242.6
113.1
52.0
58.8
42.0
61.4
62.3
91.1
47.0
21.7
299.7
275.5
384.6
591.5
525.1
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
LO
DW
AR
MA
RS
AB
IT
MO
YA
LE
GA
RIS
SA
WA
JIR
MA
ND
ER
A
KIT
ALE
KA
KA
ME
GA
ELD
OR
ET
ELD
OR
ET
AP
KE
RIC
HO
KIS
II
KIS
UM
U
NY
AH
UR
UR
U
NA
KU
RU
NA
RO
K
NY
ER
I
EM
BU
ME
RU
LA
IKIP
IA
M.A
.B.
DA
GO
RE
TT
I
WIL
SO
N
JK
IA
TH
IKA
MA
CH
AK
OS
MA
KIN
DU
VO
I
LA
MU
MA
LIN
DI
MS
AB
AH
A
MT
WA
PA
MO
MB
AS
A
Rain
fall
(mm
)
Stations
FIGURE 1B: MAM 2017 RAINFALL PERFORMANCE
TOTAL LTM(MAY)
March rainfall against
March LTMs
March rainfall against
MAM LTMs
Daily Rainfall Data – May 2017
21
RAINFALL FOR MAY 2017
STATION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TOT-
MAY
LTM-
MAY %MAY TOT-MA
TOT-
MAM
LTM-
MAM %MAM
LODWAR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.2 0.0 26.3 26.3 95.3 27.6
MARSABIT 1.1 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.6 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 55.8 93.5 59.7 78.0 133.8 397.1 33.7
MOYALE 45.2 73.4 8.5 6.0 6.4 0.0 0.6 0.4 11.2 2.6 0.1 0.1 225.9 134.4 168.1 76.4 302.3 378.7 79.8
GARISSA 0.0 0.0 0.9 6.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 14.9 79.2 54.7 66.5 146.9 45.3
WAJIR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35.6 0.0 103.8 103.8 162.4 63.9
MANDERA 0.0 22.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32.9 39.6 83.1 30.7 63.6 154.8 41.1
KITALE 10.9 0.6 3.7 5.4 0.2 33.7 7.9 11.9 0.0 0.2 0.3 7.4 198.0 168.2 117.7 120.9 318.9 442.4 72.1
KAKAMEGA 1.8 20.0 8.6 1.1 0.0 6.9 19.8 5.6 9.8 14.8 10.6 0.5 214.0 247.7 86.4 411.4 625.4 678.7 92.1
ELDORET 41.4 1.6 7.6 1.2 0.0 1.8 1.5 1.4 3.0 0.0 7.4 0.0 155.6 116.6 133.5 158.6 314.2 326.4 96.3
ELDORET AP 7.6 9.6 3.5 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.0 5.5 0.0 1.4 2.5 0.0 160.3 179.6 89.3 198.2 358.5 438.4 81.8
KERICHO 10.1 17.0 2.3 8.0 7.0 15.7 0.0 15.7 14.8 11.9 6.0 7.3 273.6 267.7 102.2 348.5 622.1 675.7 92.1
KISII 48.5 14.8 1.2 1.8 1.3 13.9 0.0 2.3 13.5 2.1 13.9 3.5 192.9 231.7 83.3 369.1 562.0 681.0 82.5
KISUMU 17.8 0.0 13.4 16.1 1.0 10.0 0.0 24.4 6.4 10.0 0.4 0.6 150.7 160.5 93.9 407.3 558.0 541.2 103.1
NYAHURURU 6.4 0.3 0.0 5.6 5.4 1.8 0.0 0.0 1.5 4.8 0.0 1.9 80.8 104.8 77.1 44.7 125.5 271.0 46.3
NAKURU 7.6 12.0 6.8 11.0 6.7 1.6 1.4 2.1 6.6 8.9 8.0 4.5 92.1 116.1 79.3 39.5 131.6 308.5 42.6
May 2017 Rainfall
22
0.0
55.8
225.9
11.8
0.0
32.9
198.0
214.0
155.6
160.3
273.6
192.9
150.7
80.8
92.1
91.1
273.2
241.8
242.6
113.1
52.0
58.8
42.0
61.4
62.3
91.1
47.0
21.7
299.7
275.5
384.6
591.5
525.1
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
LO
DW
AR
MA
RS
AB
IT
MO
YA
LE
GA
RIS
SA
WA
JIR
MA
ND
ER
A
KIT
ALE
KA
KA
ME
GA
ELD
OR
ET
ELD
OR
ET
AP
KE
RIC
HO
KIS
II
KIS
UM
U
NY
AH
UR
UR
U
NA
KU
RU
NA
RO
K
NY
ER
I
EM
BU
ME
RU
LA
IKIP
IA
M.A
.B.
DA
GO
RE
TT
I
WIL
SO
N
JK
IA
TH
IKA
MA
CH
AK
OS
MA
KIN
DU
VO
I
LA
MU
MA
LIN
DI
MS
AB
AH
A
MT
WA
PA
MO
MB
AS
A
Rain
fall
(mm
)
Stations
FIGURE 1A: MAY 2017 RAINFALL PERFORMANCE
TOTAL LTM(MAY)
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
LO
DW
AR
MA
RS
AB
IT
MO
YA
LE
GA
RIS
SA
WA
JIR
MA
ND
ER
A
KIT
ALE
KA
KA
ME
GA
ELD
OR
ET
ELD
OR
ET
AP
KE
RIC
HO
KIS
II
KIS
UM
U
NY
AH
UR
UR
U
NA
KU
RU
NA
RO
K
NY
ER
I
EM
BU
ME
RU
LA
IKIP
IA
M.A
.B.
DA
GO
RE
TT
I
WIL
SO
N
JK
IA
TH
IKA
MA
CH
AK
OS
MA
KIN
DU
VO
I
LA
MU
MA
LIN
DI
MS
AB
AH
A
MT
WA
PA
MO
MB
AS
A
RA
INF
ALL I
N M
M
STATION
FIGURE 1: MAM 2017 RAINFALL AS COMPARED TO MAM SEASONAL LTMs
TOT-MAM LTM-MAM
May rainfall against
May LTMs
MAM rainfall against
MAM LTMs
Monthly Rainfall Totals - EMBU
23
YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANN-TOT JA-TOT MAM-TOT JJA-TOT OND-TOT1977 2.2 49.2 93.8 431.4 201.3 14.5 48.2 33.7 60.0 66.1 390.6 47.3 1438.3 51.4 726.5 96.4 504.0 1978 43.4 113.8 189.3 422.9 65.8 36.6 15.2 52.7 79.6 255.9 152.4 103.9 1531.5 157.2 678.0 104.5 512.2 1979 144.4 15.6 122.6 284.0 243.9 44.3 30.8 34.3 11.2 129.2 224.9 29.8 1315.0 160.0 650.5 109.4 383.9 1980 7.0 0.0 38.7 147.7 216.4 4.1 9.6 42.0 10.1 178.1 267.7 33.9 955.3 7.0 402.8 55.7 479.7 1981 4.3 5.2 206.1 394.0 298.9 19.9 12.4 40.9 21.0 112.5 85.0 41.5 1241.7 9.5 899.0 73.2 239.0 1982 6.0 0.0 175.3 330.6 264.3 29.0 14.6 25.4 57.7 453.6 131.6 38.1 1526.2 6.0 770.2 69.0 623.3 1983 0.8 19.6 29.0 363.3 152.6 34.5 22.1 12.5 66.2 138.6 127.6 123.8 1090.6 20.4 544.9 69.1 390.0 1984 1.2 0.0 48.4 202.9 15.0 7.8 36.2 19.5 36.5 373.9 164.6 33.3 939.3 1.2 266.3 63.5 571.8 1985 0.5 53.2 204.6 302.6 197.6 24.7 30.0 47.1 21.7 153.0 227.6 26.7 1289.3 53.7 704.8 101.8 407.3 1986 1.7 0.0 86.5 369.8 141.3 38.9 13.0 32.1 29.2 49.0 382.0 63.5 1207.0 1.7 597.6 84.0 494.5 1987 14.0 1.8 0.0 271.0 159.4 64.3 8.4 95.9 3.7 18.5 316.3 27.2 980.5 15.8 430.4 168.6 362.0 1988 2.9 17.6 149.6 562.7 214.9 50.6 22.9 51.2 32.5 204.1 357.2 217.9 1884.1 20.5 927.2 124.7 779.2 1989 29.5 14.2 103.1 291.2 185.6 11.3 37.5 46.9 51.9 253.8 265.0 58.3 1348.3 43.7 579.9 95.7 577.1 1990 89.9 16.6 223.7 429.8 180.0 20.7 27.4 22.4 71.7 217.6 307.7 164.8 1772.3 106.5 833.5 70.5 690.1 1991 21.1 0.0 79.2 183.5 204.8 11.9 35.6 47.0 1.1 106.9 168.3 48.8 908.2 21.1 467.5 94.5 324.0 1992 6.0 0.0 12.4 303.4 238.1 7.2 29.3 28.0 20.0 167.7 215.0 138.6 1165.7 6.0 553.9 64.5 521.3 1993 139.0 68.4 85.4 219.7 21.5 25.1 45.3 15.4 16.5 80.2 300.3 48.6 1065.4 207.4 326.6 85.8 429.1 1994 0.0 0.4 55.2 467.1 202.0 19.3 55.4 33.4 31.1 244.6 436.5 56.5 1601.5 0.4 724.3 108.1 737.6 1995 6.8 68.8 166.6 349.1 118.6 11.0 19.5 75.2 35.3 275.7 220.5 99.6 1446.7 75.6 634.3 105.7 595.8 1996 50.1 13.9 164.6 100.7 185.0 52.2 35.3 18.9 1.9 14.2 242.2 0.5 879.5 64.0 450.3 106.4 256.9 1997 0.9 0.0 91.9 493.8 89.0 20.5 16.3 9.1 1.8 396.3 408.7 139.4 1667.7 0.9 674.7 45.9 944.4 1998 166.3 165.5 85.8 217.7 396.5 88.4 61.0 64.5 15.9 10.2 234.3 0.0 1506.1 331.8 700.0 213.9 244.5 1999 53.3 11.2 191.5 177.1 87.5 10.0 36.1 36.8 14.4 42.9 395.6 185.8 1242.2 64.5 456.1 82.9 624.3 2000 0.0 0.0 16.2 60.1 24.5 21.1 25.0 22.8 29.4 40.5 198.2 61.7 499.5 0.0 100.8 68.9 300.4 2001 93.5 2.3 149.1 311.7 146.8 30.6 29.4 10.8 3.7 51.9 290.2 29.5 1149.5 95.8 607.6 70.8 371.6 2002 25.9 17.0 94.6 744.2 283.6 15.3 19.8 54.5 37.1 172.5 150.4 142.4 1757.3 42.9 1122.4 89.6 465.3 2003 0.0 0.0 66.7 312.9 306.5 10.6 13.6 101.2 52.8 202.2 175.1 93.6 1335.2 0.0 686.1 125.4 470.9 2004 32.6 54.4 147.7 150.7 62.9 20.9 3.8 15.5 38.0 238.6 372.2 49.8 1187.1 87.0 361.3 40.2 660.6 2005 3.4 1.0 21.9 238.8 247.0 31.7 36.0 47.1 22.7 168.1 129.9 5.0 952.6 4.4 507.7 114.8 303.0 2006 16.3 24.0 177.2 184.8 265.8 22.7 23.5 19.8 80.1 225.2 443.8 291.1 1774.3 40.3 627.8 66.0 960.1 2007 66.9 0.0 73.7 260.5 177.1 9.9 33.4 45.7 18.9 329.3 125.7 57.4 1198.5 66.9 511.3 89.0 512.4 2008 67.0 0.0 160.1 341.4 13.5 20.6 56.2 36.0 7.8 223.6 99.5 0.0 1025.7 67.0 515.0 112.8 323.1 2009 116.9 10.9 84.5 199.0 162.9 14.4 3.7 13.7 8.7 239.0 183.9 34.9 1072.5 127.8 446.4 31.8 457.8 2010 18.6 117.7 188.3 229.5 225.3 29.5 28.8 48.6 5.4 102.2 106.1 23.0 1123.0 136.3 643.1 106.9 231.3 2011 12.4 18.8 51.3 266.4 196.1 7.5 6.8 37.7 100.6 226.5 218.8 68.2 1211.1 31.2 513.8 52.0 513.5 2012 0.0 10.3 5.4 406.8 271.9 25.3 30.7 28.1 8.9 293.3 279.9 181.6 1542.2 10.3 684.1 84.1 754.8 2013 21.7 0.1 159.2 302.7 40.2 25.8 30.2 54.3 12.3 20.1 229.7 84.6 980.9 21.8 502.1 110.3 334.4 2014 0.0 47.1 239.0 154.5 50.1 86.4 18.0 40.4 1.3 120.9 217.8 20.3 995.8 47.1 443.6 144.8 359.0 2015 0.4 9.4 59.9 443.7 154.3 12.8 40.0 29.1 0.6 261.6 360.6 56.7 1429.1 9.8 657.9 81.9 678.9 2016 57.3 4.0 45.6 373.4 128.2 62.0 6.3 35.2 29.6 23.2 226.1 11.3 1002.2 61.3 547.2 103.5 260.6
2015 Monthly and Seasonal Rainfall
24
RAINFALL DURING 2015
STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL JAN-FEB MAM JJA OND
LODWAR 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.3 31.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 32.3 12.0 170.0 0.0 122.3 2.6 45.1
MARSABIT 0.0 0.0 55.5 121.0 63.0 0.9 15.1 7.2 0.0 101.2 254.3 47.9 666.1 0.0 239.5 23.2 403.4
MOYALE 0.0 0.0 13.6 105.8 147.3 8.6 18.4 4.5 1.3 94.3 109.5 35.8 539.1 0.0 266.7 32.8 239.6
GARISSA 0.0 0.0 55.0 68.5 0.0 0.0 1.9 6.6 0.0 19.6 68.1 46.0 265.7 0.0 123.5 8.5 133.7
WAJIR 0.0 0.0 21.8 73.3 0.5 0.0 6.0 1.5 0.0 45.7 58.2 7.9 214.9 0.0 95.6 7.5 111.8
MANDERA 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.2 9.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115.1 68.5 0.8 285.0 0.0 100.6 0.0 184.4
KITALE 0.0 15.3 24.8 181.3 270.7 200.9 91.3 61.2 121.6 141.9 133.8 72.0 1314.8 15.3 476.8 475.0 347.7
KAKAMEGA 3.4 52.2 210.6 368.3 297.5 229.8 146.0 198.8 110.7 193.9 312.1 132.0 2255.3 55.6 876.4 685.3 638.0
ELDORET 0.8 0.0 24.5 171.1 158.4 129.0 134.5 44.3 52.7 111.3 157.2 101.3 1085.1 0.8 354.0 360.5 369.8
KERICHO 0.4 77.3 57.0 256.7 303.8 158.5 103.5 82.4 124.8 225.1 278.2 210.9 1878.6 77.7 617.5 469.2 714.2
KISII 15.9 45.0 86.7 252.3 246.0 196.6 86.1 192.1 178.0 257.3 350.9 235.5 2142.4 60.9 585.0 652.8 843.7
KISUMU 3.5 34.7 160.3 259.6 172.5 49.8 84.9 22.3 154.5 198.8 140.3 187.2 1468.4 38.2 592.4 311.5 526.3
NYAHURURU 1.6 28.2 0.8 115.1 98.8 96.0 61.6 35.8 56.1 64.5 166.5 158.1 883.1 29.8 214.7 249.5 389.1
NAKURU 0.0 3.8 11.8 149.6 108.1 63.2 41.8 20.6 102.5 62.7 142.0 120.6 826.7 3.8 269.5 228.1 325.3
NAROK 70.4 76.9 17.1 167.2 171.8 49.6 25.0 15.8 7.2 64.6 185.4 144.5 995.5 147.3 356.1 97.6 394.5
NYERI 6.6 60.0 26.6 117.3 115.2 14.9 12.7 5.1 0.3 132.6 247.5 106.9 845.7 66.6 259.1 33.0 487.0
EMBU 0.4 9.4 59.9 443.7 154.3 12.8 40.0 29.1 0.6 261.6 360.6 56.7 1429.1 9.8 657.9 82.5 678.9
MERU 2.7 26.0 105.2 371.5 91.9 1.0 14.1 10.6 0.0 146.8 391.2 237.2 1398.2 28.7 568.6 25.7 775.2
M.A.B. 14.0 63.1 21.1 273.4 223.8 98.6 7.1 17.3 5.1 102.5 262.6 122.6 1211.2 77.1 518.3 128.1 487.7
DAGORETTI 19.3 56.2 29.9 301.2 311.9 70.2 14.8 12.2 12.2 78.2 181.6 76.1 1163.8 75.5 643.0 109.4 335.9
WILSON 36.0 31.9 40.2 226.3 233.8 57.5 24.1 19.6 6.6 72.3 295.2 105.3 1148.8 67.9 500.3 107.8 472.8
JKIA 2.8 38.7 17.5 170.5 120.5 116.7 8.7 2.2 6.4 47.1 229.7 176.8 937.6 41.5 308.5 134.0 453.6
THIKA 9.1 26.3 49.5 208.3 112.9 62.2 5.6 2.3 0.0 187.1 278.5 146.8 1088.6 35.4 370.7 70.1 612.4
MACHAKOS 1.5 70.9 23.4 81.7 123.2 49.2 5.4 4.8 0.0 10.4 267.0 161.2 798.7 72.4 228.3 59.4 438.6
MAKINDU 0.0 52.0 44.8 71.9 75.1 1.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 84.5 72.4 402.9 52.0 191.8 2.2 156.9
VOI 1.0 3.0 39.5 57.8 39.9 4.5 12.3 3.8 0.4 62.7 164.5 129.1 518.5 4.0 137.2 21.0 356.3
LAMU 0.0 0.0 14.9 12.2 362.7 73.5 18.4 79.1 16.9 90.2 112.5 1.3 781.7 0.0 389.8 187.9 204.0
MALINDI 0.0 0.0 21.4 27.5 417.2 48.4 83.9 30.2 6.0 80.2 63.7 3.9 782.4 0.0 466.1 168.5 147.8
MSABAHA 0.0 0.0 26.4 58.5 370.4 47.4 68.6 45.4 18.6 46.7 90.8 13.5 786.3 0.0 455.3 180.0 151.0
MTWAPA 0.0 0.0 77.4 124.1 397.9 42.5 81.9 94.2 25.2 75.6 205.7 8.3 1132.8 0.0 599.4 243.8 289.6
MOMBASA 0.0 0.0 95.6 107.1 396.1 47.2 113.0 41.9 18.7 128.8 265.5 39.2 1253.1 0.0 598.8 220.8 433.5
NATIONAL 6.1 24.9 46.2 165.3 181.5 62.4 42.8 35.2 33.1 103.9 192.2 95.8 989.4 31.0 393.0 173.5 391.9
N-EASTERN 0.0 0.0 29.2 92.0 44.0 1.9 8.3 4.0 0.3 75.2 111.7 27.7 394.2 0.0 165.2 14.4 214.6
WESTERN 4.0 37.4 94.0 248.2 241.5 160.8 107.7 100.2 123.7 188.1 228.8 156.5 1690.8 41.4 583.7 492.4 573.3
Example of Computed Averages
Rainfall in NW Kenya
25
Rainfall
Monthly Av. Totals Unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
January Millimetres 1.3 8.1 21.0 5.0 6.6 1.7 0.0 5.3 0.1 0.0 0.1
February Millimetres 2.0 0.5 0.1 7.0 13.4 19.8 0.6 0.1 2.6 0.0 1.1
March Millimetres 33.9 17.8 91.3 18.8 31.2 6.3 0.0 143.1 53.3 47.1 5.8
April Millimetres 312.3 137.1 84.4 49.7 261.5 75.2 50.4 130.3 51.7 65.9 185.1
May Millimetres 229.8 588.5 298.4 127.8 381.3 207.8 251.3 359.6 381.0 388.9 149.4June Millimetres 186.8 121.5 165.1 190.4 124.3 46.8 70.3 73.9 129.2 51.8 78.8
July Millimetres 88.2 68.0 65.7 42.7 73.6 61.6 33.8 48.2 52.9 73.2 19.5
August Millimetres 81.2 128.5 60.2 32.9 43.2 38.4 79.8 44.0 34.3 58.2 36.6
September Millimetres 102.7 150.4 18.0 6.8 34.0 44.9 12.6 29.1 1.1 17.1 26.3
October Millimetres 249.5 62.0 39.1 354.1 11.3 258.2 124.6 80.2 108.0 84.3 4.5
November Millimetres 215.5 72.1 48.7 35.3 76.8 90.6 141.2 64.4 111.8 147.6 53.9
December Millimetres 85.9 34.4 12.5 34.8 23.9 37.3 65.1 42.4 71.3 13.2 9.9
Seasonal Av. Totals Unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
March-April-May Millimetres 576.0 743.4 474.1 196.2 674.0 289.3 301.7 633.1 486.1 501.9 340.3
June-July-August Millimetres 356.1 318.0 291.0 265.9 241.0 146.8 183.9 166.1 216.4 183.1 134.9
Octo-Nove-Dece Millimetres 551.0 168.4 100.3 424.1 112.0 386.1 330.9 187.1 291.1 245.2 68.3
Annual Av. Totals Unit 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
January-December Millimetres 1589.1 1388.9 904.6 905.1 1081.1 888.7 829.6 1020.8 997.5 947.3 571.1
National LTMs
26
LONG-TERM MEANS
STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL JF MAM JJAS OND
LODWAR 10.3 6.5 27.6 48.6 25.1 11.0 17.7 14.0 6.2 10.7 24.3 14.9 216.6 16.7 101.3 48.7 49.9
MARSABIT 38.9 23.1 61.4 224.9 86.8 8.8 12.6 12.5 6.5 107.2 144.0 52.3 779.2 62.0 373.0 40.6 303.5
MOYALE 17.8 18.2 56.9 181.7 123.3 17.0 13.7 13.2 18.6 120.6 92.8 33.1 706.9 36.0 362.0 62.5 246.4
GARISSA 15.2 5.2 45.1 76.9 16.1 5.4 3.9 5.9 8.1 33.0 102.0 54.4 371.2 20.4 138.1 23.3 189.4
WAJIR 9.5 6.0 31.0 96.6 32.8 2.5 2.1 1.6 3.0 45.3 75.0 26.3 331.7 15.5 160.4 9.2 146.6
MANDERA 15.8 25.9 37.9 80.8 27.5 3.1 2.7 2.0 4.3 40.9 86.3 52.3 277.1 36.1 124.7 7.6 158.9
KITALE 28.0 42.4 95.6 185.8 166.8 105.2 133.0 152.9 112.1 122.8 95.6 44.3 1279.7 70.4 443.3 503.2 262.8
KAKAMEGA 76.3 96.7 173.1 261.7 244.7 168.0 150.9 219.5 175.7 165.9 144.9 96.8 1974.1 173.0 679.5 714.1 407.5
ELDORET 33.4 41.1 71.4 139.9 121.4 114.0 162.8 161.6 74.8 61.2 68.0 39.5 1086.1 74.5 332.7 508.5 168.6
KERICHO 105.9 87.4 176.5 249.7 260.4 170.3 167.7 193.3 181.4 174.5 156.4 102.2 2025.6 193.4 686.5 712.7 433.1
KISII 112.5 115.1 200.4 261.7 238.2 177.8 125.7 174.1 170.5 181.2 203.9 151.1 2111.6 227.7 700.2 648.1 530.6
KISUMU 82.3 80.0 163.2 214.8 157.5 82.0 66.2 87.2 99.2 99.9 142.8 111.7 1386.7 162.3 535.6 334.6 354.3
NYAHURURU 37.1 31.6 57.6 114.9 106.2 105.4 137.2 152.8 72.0 61.1 74.6 58.3 1008.7 68.7 278.6 467.3 194.0
NAKURU 30.1 37.4 68.2 129.3 118.8 78.8 89.9 108.0 81.6 76.5 76.6 44.5 927.4 67.2 314.9 357.1 198.1
NAROK 86.0 75.2 98.5 147.2 94.4 27.9 17.9 25.1 26.5 28.8 72.5 80.1 779.8 161.2 340.2 97.0 181.4
NAIVASHA 37.3 34.6 59.9 114.2 76.5 44.0 35.0 44.8 43.2 60.7 72.1 46.9 668.9 71.8 250.6 166.9 179.6
NYERI 52.2 42.8 74.1 176.9 174.6 32.4 33.4 31.3 27.0 111.6 119.2 78.9 950.5 95.0 425.5 124.1 309.7
EMBU 34.4 26.9 106.2 298.3 172.9 26.6 30.9 40.0 34.0 178.7 243.9 77.0 1265.2 61.3 577.4 131.6 496.0
MERU 72.5 43.5 106.4 249.5 103.3 11.9 10.5 13.8 28.8 225.2 320.4 153.5 1331.2 116.1 459.2 65.1 699.1
NANYUKI 24.7 19.8 53.8 116.3 73.5 40.6 48.7 59.9 47.9 79.3 88.4 39.1 692.0 44.5 243.6 197.1 206.9
MOI AIR-BASE 58.6 45.5 91.5 177.7 144.1 37.2 15.0 21.6 21.0 53.2 135.7 83.8 884.8 104.1 413.3 94.7 272.6
DAGORETTI 67.5 53.8 97.5 217.9 173.9 36.6 17.3 24.0 29.4 58.4 154.9 101.1 1032.2 121.3 489.3 107.3 314.3
WILSON 66.9 45.4 92.1 188.4 146.3 36.7 16.6 20.3 25.0 54.3 138.8 91.7 922.6 112.3 426.8 98.6 284.9
JKIA 49.3 45.1 75.1 137.7 102.8 23.1 9.8 15.3 20.8 45.6 120.1 94.5 739.0 94.4 315.7 68.8 260.1
THIKA 50.0 41.9 114.9 213.8 117.1 23.0 15.1 12.9 17.1 75.3 178.6 82.8 943.4 91.9 445.8 68.1 336.7
KATUMANI 54.8 38.9 88.2 139.3 60.5 8.1 4.1 4.4 5.0 37.7 158.1 95.3 694.4 93.7 288.0 21.6 291.1
MAKINDU 44.5 28.1 65.2 95.3 27.3 2.5 0.7 1.5 2.4 30.7 168.9 111.5 578.7 72.6 187.8 7.2 311.1
VOI 42.0 23.6 82.4 86.3 25.2 4.3 2.7 6.7 12.7 31.6 130.0 120.3 567.8 65.6 194.0 26.4 281.8
LAMU 10.3 3.1 29.0 131.3 299.3 155.9 86.7 41.7 45.9 55.0 57.8 39.2 955.2 13.4 459.6 330.2 152.0
MALINDI 10.6 7.2 40.0 161.4 307.9 143.6 95.6 63.3 53.5 87.2 70.2 32.6 1073.1 17.8 509.4 356.0 189.9
MSABAHA 15.4 8.8 42.3 166.3 305.1 154.2 105.6 65.9 56.4 94.6 93.3 49.1 1157.0 24.2 513.7 382.1 237.0
MTWAPA 22.2 14.1 53.9 220.9 311.8 137.8 100.3 75.5 64.0 123.7 112.8 54.0 1290.9 36.2 586.5 377.7 290.5
MOMBASA 30.7 11.9 54.2 156.6 245.5 90.6 67.0 60.8 58.0 112.7 104.5 66.5 1059.1 42.7 456.3 276.4 283.7
NATIONAL 43.7 37.2 81.5 165.5 142.1 63.2 54.5 58.4 49.5 86.2 122.0 72.1 971.8 80.7 388.3 225.3 279.5
27
Climate Monitoring and Climate Change
• Contribution of scientific input to monitoring,
prediction, attribution, mitigation and adaptation to
climate change issues relevant to Kenya’s
negotiations under the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ;
• Monitoring environmental pollution, Greenhouse
Gases, and other atmospheric constituents including
ozone and aerosols over the Kenyan atmosphere;
• Provide expert advice on environmental audit and
impact assessment;
Seasonal Rainfall trends in Kenya – Narok MAM
National Annual Rainfall Trend (Last 20 years)
29
500.0
600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
1000.0
1100.0
1200.0
1300.0
1400.0
1500.0
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
National Annual Rainfall during the last 20 years (1997-2016)
Years
Rai
nfa
ll i
n m
m
Annual maximum temperature trends - Narok
Thank You
For
Your Kind Attention
