Strengthening climate resilience(SCR) In Kenya: The Role of Meteorological Department (KMD)

Julius Kabubi

Head: Disaster Prevention & Mitigation, KMD

Trend in the occurrence of natural hazards and disasters in Kenya (1900-2010)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1900

1902

1904

1906

1908

1910

1912

1914

1916

1918

1920

1922

1924

1926

1928

1930

1932

1934

1936

1938

1940

1942

1944

1946

1948

1950

1952

1954

1956

1958

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

No

. o

f in

cid

en

ts)

Distribution of hazards in Kenya

Geophysical

hazards

45%

Biological

hazards

8%

Anthropogenic

hazards

47%

Human-made disasters

Human made hazards

Major geophysical hazards in Kenya

Floods

72%

Drought

14%

Landslides

7%

Earth tremor

7%

Floods at Budalangi

Land slide

Other Geophysical hazards

Violent

winds

34%

Hailstorms

11%Water

accidents

11%

Tsunami

11%

Severe

storms

22%

Lightning

11%

Major biological hazards in Kenya

Cholera

outbreak

64%

Malaria

outbreak

36%

Other biological hazards

HIV/AIDS

29%

Ebola outbreak

14%

Rift valley

fever

29%

Measles

outbreak

14%

Leptospirosis

outbreak

14%

Distribution of disaster in Kenya

Country w ide

28%

Nairobi

3%

Rift valley

13%Coast

13%Eastern

10%

North

Eastern

10%

Central

5%

Nyanza

10%

Western

8%

DRR INITIATIVES BY KMD

The role of NMHS

• Weather Monitoring

• Weather Forecasting

• Climate prediction

• Early warnings

• Weather and climate Advisories

• Food security and sectoral advisories

• Climate Change Detection and attribution

• Research and outreach programmes

Generate weather products

• Now casting (6 hrs ahead)• Weather Forecasts• 24 hrs,4 days,7 days,14 days,1 month & Seasonal• Climate outlook forums • Specialized forecasts;

– Aviation – Meteorology – Marine - Meteorology– Agriculture – Agro meteorology – Food security – Agro/FeWS– Water resources – Hydrometeorology – Energy - Water resources – Disaster management – Early warnings – Health and other sectors – Biometeorology

Other duties and responsibilities NMHS

1. Establishment and maintenance of a nationalmeteorological observation network mandatory forweather and climate observations

2. Monitoring, detection and prediction of weather and climate phenomena and dissemination of relevant products and early warnings;

3. Monitoring environmental pollution and Greenhouse Gases, including ozone

4. Exchange and transmission of meteorological data nationally, regional and internationally;

5. Carrying out meteorological training and research to improve the quality of meteorological services

6. Archival of long-term reliable national climatologically records

7. International mandates (WMO, ICAO, UNFCCC, IPCC, …)

Current initiative by KMD

• 5 Weather radars – Precipitation

• Hydromet division – early warning in floods

• Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

• EWS for flood management (OP, MoWI) using Automatic Hydromet stations

• RANET (Bundalangi, Suswa, Kangema, Mtwapa)

• Improvement of station networks and AWS (Automatic Weather Stations)

• National Tsunami Early Warning Centre (NTEWC)

• Provincial Directors of meteorology

Marine weather station at Mombasa

Others initiatives

• 12 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) at strategic locations

• 12 Automatic hydro-meteorological stations • 2 Automatic Weather Observing Stations (AWOS) for

Airports (JKIA and MIA)• 5 Weather Radars (250 Kilometre effective Doppler

Range) are being installed.• 1 Upper Air Stations (Radio-sonde Stations) has been

upgraded• 3 Lightning Detection Systems have been installed to

cover the whole country • 2 Seismic equipment for Earth quakes – Voi, Lodwar• 35 Drifting Buoys already deployed in Western Indian

Ocean• 1 Marine Automatic Weather Stations (MAWS) • Created local, regional, and international partnerships

Way forward in reduce vulnerability

• Home grown and community centered climate adaptation measures

• Integration of Seasonal Climate forecasts and indigenous knowledge for effective early warning

• Piloting on the ground through demonstration, experimental plots (Cropping patterns, shifting seasons…. etc.

• Knowledge management and effective communication system of weather and climate products etc

• Management of risks through Identification, structural and non-structural risk reduction, and risk transfer and financing mechanisms

• Managing the whole disaster cycle (The hidden success, the check list)

MANY THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

THE END