Week #4 (11/3-11/7)Warm Up – Mon, 11/3:- Get organized!

Turn in:Chemistry Word Graffiti (1/2 credit)

Pick up:1 dividerA blank piece of paperA box of crayonsAstronomy Pre-Test/Learning Goal & Scales wkstBig Bang Brain Pop QuizAll graded work from your student file!

Agenda:1. Astronomy Pre-Test/Learning Goal & Scales2. Big Bang Brain Pop!3. Universe Analogy poster

Homework: None

Science Fun Fact: Turrialba (44 mi E of San Jose) volcano's largest eruption in over a century rained ash over parts of central Costa Rica & prompted the evacuation of some nearby communities. Volcanologist Gino Gonzalez of the CR National Seismological Network said after visiting the volcano's rim that the overnight blast caused the side of the crater to collapse. Ash fall was observed in 4 provinces & scientists were analyzing its content to determine whether the eruption could be a precursor to lava emission. He called it the biggest explosion recorded at Turrialba in at least 100 years.

Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.

IS YOUR SCIENCE NOTEBOOK ORGANIZED???

• Section 3: ChemistryPg. 1: Chemistry Pre-TestPg. 2: Atomic Theory CartoonPg. 3: History of the Atom WUPg. 4: What is an Atom? notesPg. 5: Atoms Family notesPg. 6: What is Matter? wkstPg. 7: History of Atomic Structure notesPg. 8: Atomic Structure packetPg. 9: Periodic Table of ElementsPg. 10: Atomic Parts wkstPg. 11: Organize & PredictPg. 12: Graphing Review packet

• Put your Positivi”Tree” in/on the outside of your Science Notebook for your Qtr 2 Cover Page.

IS YOUR SCIENCE NOTEBOOK ORGANIZED???

• Section 3: ChemistryPg. 13: History of the Atom Review packetPg. 14: Atomic Structure packetPg. 15: Atoms Brain Pop QuizPg. 16: Metal? Non-metal? Metalloid?Pg. 17: Solid, Liquid, Gas notesPg. 18: Organizing Matter Concept MapPg. 19: Heterogenous or Homogenous Meal?Pg. 20: Classifying Matter notesPg. 21: Stuff We’re Made ofPg. 22: Messing with Mixtures LabPg. 23: Bill Nye: Chemistry video questionnairePg. 24: Intro to Chemistry QuizPg. 25: Chemistry Unit Test Study GuidePg. 26: Chemistry Word Graffiti

IS YOUR SCIENCE NOTEBOOK ORGANIZED???

• Section 4: AstronomyPg. 1: Astronomy Pre-Test/Learning Goal & Scales wkst Pg. 2: Big Bang Brain Pop QuizPg. 3: Universe Analogy PosterPg. 4: Ballooniverse LabPg. 5: Big Bang Crash Course video wkstPg. 6: Big Bang Theory notes

Week #4 (11/3-11/7)Warm Up – Tues, 11/4:- Finish Astronomy Pre-Test

Turn in:Chemistry Word Graffiti (1/2 credit)

Pick up:Universe Analogy paper & picturesScissorsGlue stick

Agenda:1. What’s in the Universe?2. Universe Analogy poster (Pg. 3)

Homework: None

Science Fun Fact: Certain areas of the sky are marked by constellations. Today will the sky broken up into 88 constellations. A constellation of stars is a group of stars that is found to have a pattern & is named after a mythological figure or by which form it takes. The constellations were first identified by the Greeks over 2500 years ago. They have since seemingly changed positions to where we see them today.

Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.

ASTRONOMY UNIT LEARNING GOAL & SCALES

• Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.

Pg. 1 – Astronomy Learning Goal & Scales

• Read through each Unit Objective.• If you are SUPER DUPER CONFIDENT & CAN

APPLY/EXPLAIN AN EXAMPLE for that objective, draw a blue SMILEY FACE (4) in that square.

• If you are CONFIDENT that you know/can do that objective, put a green CHECK MARK (3) in that square.• GO! ‘cause you KNOW!

• If you HAVE HEARD OF/KIND OF KNOW that objective, put a yellow STAR (2) in that square.• HAULT or WAIT…not sure!

• If you HAVE NEVER HEARD OF/DO NOT KNOW that objective, put a red QUESTION MARK (1,0) in that square. • STOP! I have no idea!

Pg. 1 – Astronomy Learning Goal & Scales

ASTRONOMY UNIT LEARNING GOAL & SCALES

How has our current knowledgeknowledge &

technologytechnology had a significant impact on

the study of the astrological studies of

the origin of our origin of our universeuniverse?

WHAT’S IN OUR UNIVERSE?

The universe is a BIG concept to understand!

We’re going to make it a bit more realistic by developing an analogy for the

universe & everything within it!

THE UNIVERSE• Universe = EVERYTHING

in space (billions of galaxies)

• Galaxies = clumps of billions of stars held together by gravity

• Solar system = Our sun, the planets, asteroids

• Sun = the only star in our solar system

• Planets = a celestial body that has a large mass & orbits a star

BIG IDEA

LITTLE IDEA

Pg. 3 – Universe Analogy Poster

MY UNIVERSE ANALOGY• Universe = whole CHS

campus • Galaxies = all the

buildings on CHS campus

• Solar system = classrooms within each building on CHS campus

• Sun = the teacher in each classroom

• Planets = the students in each classroom

BIG IDEA

LITTLE IDEA

Pg. 3 – Universe Analogy Poster

INTRODUCTION TO THE BIG BANG THEORY

THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

You walk into a theater, on the You walk into a theater, on the screen, you see car parts flying screen, you see car parts flying

away in all directions . . .away in all directions . . .

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

WHAT JUST HAPPENED?State your observationobservation.State your hypothesishypothesis (possible explanation).

Give your evidenceevidence for your hypothesis.

Can you make a statement about an event even though you didn’t witnesswitness it happening?

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

PLAY THE MOVIE BACKWARDS

• If you could play the movie backwards, what would the what would the objects (cars) be doingobjects (cars) be doing?

• Following that thought back to the very beginning…what was what was originally on screenoriginally on screen?

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

BRAIN POP! BIG BANG• Read through the 10 questions on the Quiz & be listening for the answers as you watch the video!

• Make sure your NAME, PER & DATE are on your wkst!

• You WILL be turning this in TODAY!

Brain Pop: Big Bang

The EndPg. 2 – Big Bang Brain Pop

Week #4 (11/3-11/7)Warm Up – Wed, 11/5:- Crash Course video: Big Bang Theory

Turn in:Chemistry Word Graffiti (1/2 credit)

Have out:Big Bang Brain PopPick up:Ballooniverse Lab (Pg. 5)Crash Course video: Big Bang Theory (Pg. 4)Big Bang Theory notes (Pg. 6)Agenda:

1. Ballooniverse Lab & discuss2. Big Bang Theory notes

Homework:

Science Fun Fact: Scientists believe that we can only see about 5% of the matter in the universe. The rest is made up of invisible matter (Dark Matter) & a mysterious form of energy known as Dark Energy.

Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.

Pg. 4 – Ballooniverse lab

Pg. 4 – Ballooniverse lab

Pg. 4 – Ballooniverse lab

As you watch the video clip, answer the questions as best as you can. Be prepared to

discuss after the video.

Click image for link

Pg. 5 – Crash Course: Big Bang Theory

EDWIN HUBBLE(1889-1953)

Astronomer who made several discoveries that provided clues for how our universe began:

1. Galaxies are “building blocks” of the universeuniverse.• What’s the universeuniverse?

• UniverseUniverse: All existing matter, energy & space2. The Milky WayMilky Way (Earth’s galaxy) was 1 galaxy among

billionsbillions of others. • What’s a galaxygalaxy?

• GalaxyGalaxy: Is made up of a cluster of stars (solar systems). There are billions of galaxies within the universe.

3. The galaxies are spreading apartspreading apart from each other. • How did he figure that out?

• Think about the Ballooniverse Lab…

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

• A scientific theory that states that the universe was created from a high density of matter (called a “singularitysingularity”) that expanded at very hot temperatures, shooting matter & energy everywhere. Eventually, the matter began to cool off & formed various galaxies.

The Big Bang Theory

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

Formation of the UniverseFormation of the UniverseOne Scientific Theory –

All matter & energy in the universe was concentrated in an EXTREMELY small volume

13-17 billion years ago, the BIG BANG occurred, propelling matter & energy in all directions universe expanded

Gravity condensed (clumped) matter galaxies

Still many questions remain about the beginning of the universe

“The Big Bang”

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

HUBBLE’S LOGIC • For the galaxies to expand, they must have been smaller in history.

• Hubble concluded that there must be an infinitely densedense, infinitely hothot starting point that contained all the mattermatter in the universe. • Called a SingularitySingularity.

• An enormous expansionexpansion set things in motion.

How does Hubble’s logic compare to yours How does Hubble’s logic compare to yours about the car crash scene in the movie?about the car crash scene in the movie?

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

BUT HOW DID HUBBLE CONCLUDE THESE THINGS (RIGHT OR WRONG) ABOUT

OUR UNIVERSE?•WhatWhat did Hubble (& many other astronomers & scientists) study?•STARSSTARS & the energyenergy they give off!

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

THE HEARTBEAT OF A STAR

• What are stars made ofmade of?

• What process is the “heartbeatheartbeat” of a star?• When this process begins, a star is born, & when this process stops, a star dies…

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

NUCLEAR FUSIONA star is born when fusion begins in the star’s core (center)

H + H He Fusion is a reaction that combines 2 small nuclei (H) to form larger nuclei (He) The result is the release of a large amount of ENERGY!!! energy

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

NUCLEAR FUSION RE-CAPWhat are the What are the 2 products 2 products ((outcomesoutcomes) of nuclear fusion?) of nuclear fusion?Larger nuclei Larger nuclei (atom) - (atom) - ChemistryChemistryLOTS of LOTS of energy – Physicsenergy – Physics

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

NUCLEAR FUSION RE-CAPHere is another example of different Here is another example of different scientific disciplines scientific disciplines (Chemistry, (Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy) Physics, Astronomy) coming together coming together to develop a to develop a theory theory based on based on evidence & observationsevidence & observations..

Pg. 6 – Big Bang Theory notes

Week #4 (11/3-11/7)Warm Up – Fri, 11/7:- Size Matters

Turn in:Chemistry Word Graffiti (1/2 credit)

Pick up:Overview of the Formation of the Solar System note page

Agenda:1. Birth of our Solar System notes

Homework: None…have a nice weekend!

Science Fun Fact: Neutron stars are so dense, that a soup can full of neutron star material would have more mass than the Moon.

Learning Goal: I can compare & contrast the theories that explain the origin of the universe & our solar system.

SIZE MATTERS!• In Today’s Warm-up box, put

the following images in order from LARGESTLARGEST to SMALLESTSMALLEST…GALAXY

SOLAR SYSTEM EARTH/PLANETSUN/STAR

UNIVERSE

BIRTH OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM• The Nebular Theory The Nebular Theory

(Nebular Hypothesis)(Nebular Hypothesis): • Explains the formation of the

solar systemsolar system• The sun & all the celestial

bodies (planets, moons, asteroids) that surround it.

• 1818thth Century Century: First suggested by German philosopher, Immanuel KantImmanuel Kant, & French astronomer, Pierre-Simon Pierre-Simon LaplaceLaplace

• About 4 billion years ago4 billion years ago, the solar system formed out of a huge, rapidly-rotating cloud of gas & dust particles• NebulaNebula

The Horsehead Nebula

The Crab Nebula

BIRTH OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM• The Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis)The Nebular Theory (Nebular Hypothesis):

• GravityGravity pulls the nebula together & the cloud begins to rotate• The moremore stuff in the cloud, the fasterfaster the rotation

• Heavy matterHeavy matter: Rocks, dust, ice & metal slammed together to form planets, moons, asteroids, meteors

• Lighter matterLighter matter: Gases fused to become stars & the giant gas planets

• http://www.5min.com/Video/Learn-how-our-Solar-System-was-formed-5-Billion-Years-Ago-117543712

BIRTH OF OUR STAR…THE SUNSunSun: The large star at the center of our solar system, consisting of very high pressures of gases due to nuclear fusion.Nuclear FusionNuclear Fusion: Hydrogen (H) atoms combine to form helium (He), releasing huge amounts of energyenergy.

When nuclear fusion begins, a star is born. When nuclear fusion stops, a star begins to die.

X-rays UltravioletInfrared

BIRTH OF OUR STAR…THE SUNEver wonder…

How the sun formed in our solar system?How the sun formed in our solar system?How does the sun keep its spherical shape?How does the sun keep its spherical shape?Why does the radiation the sun gives off not kill life Why does the radiation the sun gives off not kill life but allow life to live?but allow life to live?

As you watch the following video clip, discover the answers to the following questions & write them in your notepacket.1. What is the name of the enormous cloud of gas & dust within

space that formed the solar system?2. What 2 forces give the sun its spherical shape?3. What is the main form of radiation the sun produces?4. How is the sun giving off radiation like boiling water?

Explain the change in energy from beginning to end.http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12876-spin-around-the-solar-system-how-the-sun-formed-video.htm

THE PATH OUR SUN WILL FOLLOW

Our sun is now a mid-life main sequence yellow star. It will cool and grow larger, becoming a Red Giant. The sun will grow so large that nuclear fusion can no longer take place & it will shed it’s outer layers of gas in a Planetary Nebula. Our sun will most likely die as a very small, hot white dwarf.

• As we watch the GEODE CD presentation, you need to be filling out answers that you hear on your “Overview of the Formation of the Solar System” worksheet.

• These are notes.

THE PLANETS OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM

SOLAR SYSTEM BRAIN BREAK

• Open to your next blank Warm-up box!

• Please answer the Warm-up questions in complete complete sentencessentences!

• You may use your Astronomy notes!

1. What is a nebulanebula?2. What is the name of the

scientific theoryscientific theory that explains how our SOLAR SYSTEM was formed?

3. What makes up our Solar SystemSolar System?

4. Give one reason that the outer planets are made mainly of gas & gas & iceice and very little rock.

5. Why do you weigh more on JupiterJupiter than you do on Earth?

GEOCENTRIC VS. HELIOCENTRIC MODELS OF OUR SOLAR

SYSTEM

GEOCENTRIC MODEL• Geocentric model –

“Ptolemaic model”• Named for Ancient Greek

philosopher Claudius Ptolemy who lived ~90 to 168 A.D.

• Developed to explain how the planets, the Sun & even stars orbit around the Earth

• Has been described in early Greek manuscripts, as early as the 4th century B.C. by Greek philosophers, Plato & Aristotle

Geo = “Earth”Centr- = center

HELIOCENTRIC MODEL

• Heliocentric model – “Coperincan model”• First proposed by

Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer

• Published the heliocentric system in his book: De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, "On the revolutions of the heavenly bodies," in 1543

• Today’s model of our solar system

Helio = “Sun”Centr- =

center