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Nervous SystemPhysiology

First semester, 2ndYr MBBS2013 - 2014

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OBJECTIVES

Classify nervous system functionally

List functions of neuroglia,axon and dendrite Define receptor,modality,nociception,

proprioception, synapse and reflex action

List functions of spinal cord, brain stem,cerebellum,thalamus, hypothalamus basal

ganglia and cerebrum

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SPINAL CORD

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Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

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SPINAL NERVE

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Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

Central area of gray matter shaped like a butterfly and

surrounded by white matter in 3 columns

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Gray Matter Pair of dorsal or posterior horns

dorsal root of spinal nerve is totally sensory fibers

Pair of ventral or anterior horns

ventral root of spinal nerve is totally motor fibers

Connected by gray commissure punctured by a

central canal continuous above with 4th

ventricle

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White Matter

Bundles of myelinated axons that run up & down Dorsal or posterior columns or funiculi

Lateral columns or funiculi

Anterior columns or funiculi

Each column is filled with tracts or fasciculi

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Spinal Tracts

Ascending & descending tract head up or down whiledecussation means that the fibers cross sides

Contralateral means from the opposite side whileipsilateral means 2 regions on same side

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Medulla ,pons & cerebellum

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BRAIN STEM

Olive

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Brain stem

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THALAMUS

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Thalamus

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Thalamus and hypothalamus

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Hypothalamus

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Hypothalamus

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Basal Ganglia

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brain

From Neuroscience,

Purves et al. eds., 2001

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Cerebrum-The largest division of the brain. It isdivided into two hemispheres, each of which is

divided into four lobes.

CerebrumCerebrum

Cerebellum

http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

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CerebralCortex

Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex - The outermost layer of gray

matter making up the superficial aspect of the

cerebrum.

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Cerebral Features:

SulciSmall grooves dividing the gyriCentral SulcusDivides the Frontal Lobe from the ParietalLobe

FissuresDeep grooves, generally dividing largeregions/lobes of the brain

GyriElevated ridges winding around the brain.

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Gyri (ridge)

Fissure

(deep groove)

Sulci

(groove)

http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gifhttp://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

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Longitudinal Fissure

Transverse Fissure

Sylvian/Lateral

Fissure

Central Sulcus

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Specific Sulci/Fissures:

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Lobes of the Brain (4)

Frontal

Parietal

Occipital

Temporal

* Note: Occasionally, the Insula is considered the fifth lobe. It is located deepto the Temporal Lobe.

http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-

8.tif.jpg

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