Week 9 CCA Test Review

Labeling an atom

Electron

Proton

Neutron

Nucleus

Energy Level

Fill in the table:

Subatomic Particles

Charge

ProtonProton

NegativeNegative 0 amu0 amu

NeutronNeutron

Positive

Electron

No charge

1 amu

1 amu

What is the atomic mass?

Protons

+ Neutrons

Atomic Mass

Atomic mass: the mass of an atom

What is the atomic number?

Atomic number: Element number used to show where on the periodic table the element is found. Also, it is the number of protons.

Atomic Number = Number of Protons

What are valence electrons?

Electrons in the outside energy level, used to determine reactivity of an atom

How can you find the number of neutrons?

Atomic Mass

- Atomic Number (protons)

Neutrons

How do you know if an atom is neutral?

Protons (positive charges) = Electrons (negative charges)

If it has the same number of positive (protons) and negative (electron) charges

Remember: all elements on the periodic table are neutral!

3 positive charges 3 negative charges

Fill in the missing information

Atomic Mass 9

Atomic Number

Protons 4

Neutrons

Electrons 4

Energy Levels?

Valence Electrons

Is this a stable atom?

Is this a neutral atom?

Element?

Element symbol?

4

9 - 4 = 52-8-8 Rule Octet Rule

2

2

No - Valence level is not full

Yes – protons = electrons

Beryllium

Be

Bohr Model

Octet (2-8-8) Rule

First energy level can hold 2 electrons Second energy level can hold 8 electrons Third energy level can hold 8 electrons

What do valence electrons determine?

They determine how reactive an atom is 1 and 7 valence electrons – most reactive 8 valence electrons – least reactive

Determine how am atom will bond 1 valence electron – give away 7 valence electrons - steal

What is an ionic bond? When does this happen Ionic bond: when valence

electrons are given or taken in order for elements to bond

This happens when an atom needs to give or take 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons to be stable

What is an covalent bond? When does this happen? Covalent bond: when

atoms bond by sharing valence electrons

This happens when atoms share and become stable

How is the Periodic Table arranged?

By atomic number (number of protons) Groups (valence electrons) and Period

(energy levels) Physical and Chemical properties

Color Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids

Put a circle around the non metals that are gasses

Label Groups and Periods

Most reactive groups

Group 1

Group 17

Least Reactive Group

Noble Gasses – Group 18

What information can be found if you know the Period of an element? Number of energy levels

What information can be found if you know the group of an element? Number of valence electrons

Remember

to cover the one

on the two digit numbers!

Remember

to cover the one

on the two digit numbers!

Most reactive groups

Group 1

Group 17

Why?

Group 1 only has one valence electron and group 17 only has 7. They are both 1 valence electron away from being stable (happy).

Least Reactive Group

Noble Gasses – Group 18

Why?

Group 18 has 8 valence electrons which fills up the valence level,

meaning the atom is stable (happy)

Why do elements with similar valence level of electrons have similar chemical properties?

They will react the same way, because they have the same number of valence electrons

What has similar physical and chemical characteristics to Nitrogen?

Any element that is in the same family/group

Nitrogen Family

Argon - Protons

Remember: Atomic number = protons

Protons = 18

Sodium – Atomic Mass

Atomic Mass = 22(drop the decimals)

Carbon - neutrons

Remember: Atomic mass – atomic number = neutrons

Neutrons = 6

Neon – atomic number

Atomic Number = 10

Potassium – Valence Electrons

Valence electrons - 1

1st group = 1 valence electron

Boron – Valence Electrons

2nd Period = 2 energy levels

Oxygen Bohr Model

Review from Unit 1

Physics

Newton’s 3 Laws

1. An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force

2. F=ma

3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

Balanced – not moving

Unbalanced – moving (creates a net force)

Equations

Speed = D/T Acceleration = change in speed/change in time Force = ma Work = Force x distance

Add:

Differences between speed, velocity, and acceleration

Speed = Distance/Time Velocity: Speed and direction Acceleration: Speed up, slow down, change

direction