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02-10-2010 1 Text corpora and web services for automated content genera6on Rintse van der Werf Edia – Educa6on Technology, www.edia.nl/en Ton Koenraad www.koenraad.info Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, TELLConsult Overview CLIL issues and technology Adap6ve soJware Using text corpora Adap6ve content genera6on The smart newsreader soJware Towards CLIL applica6ons A quick scan of issues, concerns & needs in CLIL Windows on CLIL (20 country profiles, Maljers et al., 2007) The Interna6onal CLIL Research Journal (ICRJ) Criteria for CLIL Learning Materials ((de Graaf et al., 2009; Mehisto, forthcoming) Introducing the CLILPyramid (Meyer, forthcoming) Vienna CLIL Teacher Ed. Master theses Google searches CLIL in EU context: some findings Diversity: target groups, aims, programmes, .. Growth (numbers, sectors) Need for customised materials Emergent CLIL methodology: scaffolded, but autonomous, studentcentred learning (March et al., 2007) More learning skills development needed Teacher availability + CLIL competences Inadequate produc6ve skills: wri6ng (Vollmer, 2008) Increased use of Internet based resources Limited publica6ons on prac6ce & research of ICTuse Documented ICT use in CLIL Generic tools for materials development Addi6onal resources : YouTube, websites, podcasts, wiki, blog Tools for scaffolding webbased input: TEXTblender (POOLS –T Project) Tools for consul6ng and annota6ng video interviews: Backbone Project Tasks involving Internet consulta6on: WebQuest (Koenraad & Westhoff, 2003; Luzon, 2009) CMS plaborms to: organize blended & distance CLIL learning: VLEs, ALICLIL community building and content sharing: CCN, eCLIL, BEP More…? It is &me for more passion between CLIL and CALL: CACLIL, TECLIL ?

Werf Koenraad Clil2010

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Page 1: Werf Koenraad Clil2010

02-10-2010

1

Text  corpora  and  web  services  for  automated  content  genera6on  

Rintse  van  der  Werf    Edia  –  Educa6on  Technology,  www.edia.nl/en  

Ton  Koenraad  www.koenraad.info  Utrecht  University  of  Applied  Sciences,  TELLConsult  

Overview  

•  CLIL  issues  and  technology  •  Adap6ve  soJware  

– Using  text  corpora  – Adap6ve  content  genera6on  

•  The  smart  newsreader  soJware  

•  Towards  CLIL  applica6ons  

 A  quick  scan  of  issues,    concerns  &  needs  in  CLIL  

•  Windows  on  CLIL  (20  country  profiles,  Maljers  et  al.,  2007)  

•  The  Interna6onal  CLIL  Research  Journal  (ICRJ)  •  Criteria  for  CLIL  Learning  Materials    

((de  Graaf  et  al.,  2009;  Mehisto,  forthcoming)  

•  Introducing  the  CLIL-­‐Pyramid  (Meyer,  forthcoming)  

•  Vienna  CLIL  Teacher  Ed.  Master  theses  •  Google  searches  

CLIL  in  EU  context:  some  findings    

•  Diversity:  target  groups,  aims,  programmes,  ..    •  Growth  (numbers,  sectors)  

•  Need  for  customised  materials  •  Emergent  CLIL  methodology:  scaffolded,  but  autonomous,  

student-­‐centred  learning    (March  et  al.,  2007)  

•  More  learning  skills  development    needed  •  Teacher  availability  +  CLIL  competences  

•  Inadequate  produc6ve  skills:  wri6ng  (Vollmer,  2008)  

•  Increased  use  of  Internet  based  resources  •  Limited  publica6ons  on  prac6ce  &  research  of  ICT-­‐use  

Documented  ICT  use  in  CLIL  

•  Generic  tools  for  materials  development  

•  Addi6onal  resources  :  YouTube,  websites,  podcasts,  wiki,  blog  •  Tools  for  scaffolding  webbased  input:      

     TEXTblender  (POOLS  –T  Project)  

•  Tools  for  consul6ng  and  annota6ng    video  interviews:            Backbone  Project  

•  Tasks  involving  Internet  consulta6on:          WebQuest    (Koenraad  &  Westhoff,  2003;  Luzon,  2009)    

•  CMS  plaborms  to:  -­‐  organize  blended  &  distance  CLIL  learning:  VLEs,  ALI-­‐CLIL  -­‐  community  building  and  content  sharing:  CCN,  e-­‐CLIL,  BEP  

•  More…?  

It  is  &me  for    more  passion    

between  CLIL  and  CALL:  

CACLIL,  TECLIL  ?  

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CLIL  Materials!  

•  [..]  the  availability  of  materials  has  been  an  ongoing  issue  in  Finnish  CLIL.  It  is  clearly  difficult  and  Tme-­‐consuming  for  teachers  to  find  suitable  materials  for  content  and  language  teaching  that  would  be  in  accordance  with  the  na6onal  curriculum  and  suitable  for  the  students’  language  level.                          (Marsh  et  al.,  2007)  

•  CLIL  is  currently  gaining  considerable  momentum  and  it  is  being  integrated  into  curricula  all  across  Europe.  However,  there  is  s6ll  a  lack  of  appropriate  teaching  materials  and  a  comprehensive  and  integra6ve  CLIL  methodology  has  yet  to  be  developed.              (Meyer,  forthcoming)    

CLIL  Materials  Issues:  Availability,  quality,  equal  access  (e.g.  special  needs),  diversity  

(content  areas,  target  groups,  language  levels)  •  Armenia,    Belgium,  Bulgaria,  (lack)    

•  Czech  Republic,  Germany  (adaptaTon  needed)  

•  Estonia,  (teacher  made  materials)  

•  France  (localisaTon  needed)  •  Hungary  (quality  of  translated  content)  

•  Austria  (content  available  locally,  but  copyright  issues)  

•  Norway  (lack  of  suitable  textbooks,  naTonal  curriculum)  

•  Poland  (textbook  import,  translaTon)  

•  Slovakia  (local  adaptaTon  &  elaboraTon  of  imported  textbooks)  •  Spain  (lack  of  resources,  regional  diversity)  

Input  Materials  

•  […]The  (imported)  textbook  used  was  too  difficult  for  pupils  of  average  and  below-­‐average  ability.    

“When  the  pupils  have  to  tackle  work  on  their  own,  they  will  not  show  any  progress  unless  they  can  fully  comprehend  what  they  are  asked  to  do.    Also,  if  the  pupils’  intrinsic  moTvaTon  is  low,  providing  books  which  have  a  high  level  of  prose  difficulty  is  more  likely  to  lead  to  non-­‐comprehension  and  frustraTon.”                      (Sollars,  1988)  

•  […]  Words  need  to  be  understood  and  learned  within  the  contextual  seEng  provided  by  the  subject  mamer.    This  means  that  a  basic  level  of  general  English  proficiency  is  not  sufficient  for  successful  content  learning.  

It  seems  that  not  enough  is  being  done  in  the  classroom  in  order  to  ensure  that  learners  grasp  the  relevant  register.      

               Farrell  and  Ventura  (1998);  Farrugia  (2003)  

Adap6ve  personalised  soJware  

•  Applica6ons  for  (non  CLIL)  – L1  Dutch,  L2  Dutch,  L2  German  and  L2  English  

•  Strongly  rooted  in  scien6fic  research    (vd  Werf  &  Vermeer,  2008)  (Hootsen  et  al.  2007)  

•  Moving  towards  method  integra6on  – Word  lists,  specific  learning  goals  

•  New  possibili6es  for  content  integra6on  –  In  L1  and  in  L2  

Comprehensible  input  

•  not  too  difficult  yet  enough  opportuni6es  for  learning.  – SLA:  Krashen:  i+1  – Vygotsky:  Zone  of  proximal  development  

•  Opera6onalisa6on?  – Ac6vate  exis6ng  knowledge  – Na6on:  90%  of  lemmas  in  a  text  known  – Textbook  sequencing  

Input  for  CLIL  

•  Linguis6c  and  non  linguis6c  •  Has  a  cogni6ve  and  language  level  •  Must  be  comprehensible,  yet  challenging  enough  to  provide  opportunity  for  learning  

•  Focus  on  text  comprehension  – Vocabulary  size  – Knowledge  of  the  ‘world’  

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Text  Corpora  

•  As  a  source  of  textual  (lesson)  materials  – Representa6ve  – Web  As  a  Corpus  

•  As  a  source  for  linguis6c  analysis  – Frequency  informa6on  – Keyword  analysis  – Part  of  Speech  tagging  –  Informa6on  analysis  (clustering)  

Adap6ve  personalised  soJware  

•  Selec6on  of  textual  materials  – Comprehensible,  target  word  list  

•  Amen6on  on  relevant  aspects  – Language  and/or  content  – Related  to  learning  goals  

•  Adding  help  and  guidance  – Web  services  such  as  TTS,  online  dic6onaries  

•  Automated  task  genera6on  – Cloze  tasks,  dictate  

Smart  Newsreader  applica6on  

•  Web  mining  of  news  ar6cles  – Dutch  corpus  size:  936000  texts,    – German  corpus  size:  235000  texts  – English  corpus  size:  195000  texts  

•  Selec6on  – Text  coverage  (%  of  known  lemmas)  

– Unknown  words  are  learning  goals  •  Adding  help  with  unknown  words  

– TTS,  dic6onary,  contexts,  morphology  

Smart  Newsreader  applica6on  

•  Genera6ng  tasks  – Cloze,  drag  and  drop,  dictate,  open  ques6ons  

•  Monitor  usage  – Words  read,  help  asked,  task  results  

•  Give  feedback  •  Update  model  of  the  user  

– Profficiencies,  preferences,  interests  

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Towards  CLIL  reader(s)  

•  Specific  purpose  text  corpus  –  Economics,  history,  osmosis,  etc.  – Manual  crea6ons  and  web  crawlers    

•  Text  analysis  – Wordlists  

•  General  vocabulary  •  Subject  terminology  •  Academic  words  

•  Text  selec6on  –  Comprehensible  subject  and  language  input  

Adap6ve  Tools    &    

CLIL    materials  quality  criteria  &  methodologies  

•  Rich,  authen6c,  mul6modal  content  input  at  appropiate  level  (i  +  1)  

•  Scaffolded  input  provision  (just  in  6me  help)    •  Lexical  approach  (concepts  in  context)  •  Academic  Language  Proficiency  (focus  on  form:  register  features    

e.g.  colloca6ons)          Reading  –  Wri6ng  integra6on  (Loranc-­‐Paszylk,  2009)    

•  Development  of  (language)  learning  skills    (learner  as  researcher)  

•  Learner-­‐centred,  safe  environment,  learner  autonomy  •  Meaningful  repe66on,  (immediate)  feedback  

Adap6ve  Tools  &  CLIL  issues  

•  Assessment  of  learning  •  Data  collec6on  for  research  •  Teacher    educa6on    &  development:  language    &  register  and  content  terminology