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WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?. ORGANELLES CYTOPLASM AND DNA!!!. Examples of Cells. Amoeba Proteus. Plant Stem. Bacteria. Red Blood Cell. Nerve Cell. Two Types of Cells. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic. Prokaryotic. Do not have organelles Few internal structures: cell membrane and cytoplasm - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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WHAT IS INSIDE A CELL?
ORGANELLES
CYTOPLASM
AND
DNA!!!
Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
Bacteria
Two Types of Cells
•Prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
• Do not have organelles
• Few internal structures: cell membrane and cytoplasm
• No Nucleus• One-celled
organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html
Eukaryotic• Almost all multicellular organisms are eukaryotic• Cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.• Has genetic material inside of nucleus
Plant Animal
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html
Cell Structure & Function
Contain organelles surrounded by membranesMost living organisms
http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html
“Typical” Animal Cell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif
“Typical” Plant Cell
Cell Parts
Organelles
Surrounding the Cell
Cell Membrane
• Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer • Protective covering that
encloses the entire cell
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Cell Wall
• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria
• Supports & protects cells
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Inside the Cell
Nucleus
• Directs cell activities
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane
• Contains genetic material - DNA
Cytoplasm
• Gel-like mixture
• Surrounded by cell membrane
• Contains hereditary material
• Most of the work of the cell is carried out here
• Scanning electron micrograph of a fracture of nerve cells. The central nucleus and surrounding cytoplasm are visible
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Moves materials around
in cell• Manufactures parts of the
cell membrane
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vesicles
• Transports processed materials to the Golgi Apparatus
• Part of the broken off endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
• Each cell contains thousands
• Uses information from the nucleus to build proteins
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Mitochondria• Uses oxygen to produce energy
from processing food, mostly sugars through chemical reactions - breaking down fats & carbohydrates
• Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Golgi Bodies
• Takes materials man- ufactured by the e.r., and finishes processing them.
• Move materials within and in or out of the cell
• Folded membranes looks like stack of pancakes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Lysosome• Containes wates
andstores and breaks down nutrients ~ digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal
• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Vacuoles
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water solution
• Help plants maintain shape
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html
Chloroplast
• Usually found in plant cells
• Contains green chlorophyll
• Where photosynthesis takes place
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html