What’s a Watt - Energy Exchange 2017 - Training and ... · PDF fileWhat’s a Watt ENERGY 101 ... August 15, 2017. Allen J Honey, PE. REM (MCSF-Blount Island) Sain Engineering and

Tampa Convention Center • Tampa, Florida

What’s a Watt

ENERGY 101

Chris E TaylorInstallation Energy Manager, CEM, DGCP

Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, WAAugust 15, 2017

Allen J Honey, PEREM (MCSF-Blount Island)

Sain Engineering and AssociatesAugust 15, 2017

Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve

What’s a Watt - Energy Basics

• Basics 101: – Terms & Acronyms– Energy Manager Typical Duties– Creating Projects– EEMs– Communications– Example Projects

2

C


AcronymsBTU – amount of energy to cool a pint of beer by 1°F

– mBtu, mmBtu, kBtu, MBtu– Watt, kW, kWh– Energy, Power, Demand– Volts, amps– AMI – Advanced Metering Infrastructure– ksf – 1000 square feet– kGal, Mgal – 1000 gal, million gallon– CF,ccf, MCF – cubic feet, 100 CF, million CF– Therm – 100,000 BTU– Blended Rate – demand and energy charges combined– HVAC – Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning– ECM v. EEM – Energy conservation measure, energy efficiency measure– “Conservation” is a four letter word

3

Introduction


• Financial & Contractual– UESC – Utility Energy Services Contract– ESPC – Energy Savings Performance Contract– ERCIP – Energy Resiliency Conservation Incentive

Program (MILCON)– ESTCP – Environmental Security Technology Certification Program

– LCCA – Life Cycle Cost Analysis– FEMP – Federal Energy Management Program (DoE)– AWC – Area Wide Contract (kind of UESC)– M&V – Measurement & Verification– PPA – Power Purchase Agreement

4

More terms & acronyms


• KW versus KWh?– Watt = unit of power. It is that

rate of energy transfer– KW is the rate (of energy xfer),

1000 watts. Demand is measured in kW

– KWH is the quantity of energy. Energy is something consumed (and billed for)

5

The Basics

KWh


• Electricity 3,416 BTU/KWh• Natural Gas 1,000 BTU/FT2 or 100,000 BTU/Therm• Fuel Oil 139,000 BTU/gallon• Propane 91,600 BTU/gallon

• Convert all fuels to BTUs to compare consumption. Usually divided by square feet for benchmarking. We use MBTU/kSF

6

How to Compare Fuels


• Conversions are not fair when comparing a conversion to another fuel for heat.

7

Electricity Conversions

3,4163,690 3,5203,810

This is why a CHP system does not show as much energy savings as cost savings


• 1. Save Money• 2. Change Culture

– You meet organizational goals– You make facilities more efficient. – Achieve the same or better mission.– You are a (perceived) threat to some.

• Croods - Fear Change

8

Energy Manager Duties

http://www.acq.osd.mil/eie/IE/FEP_Energy_Resilience.html


• What are your organizational goals?– DoD, VA, DoE, …?– EISA 2007, EO 13693, NDAA, SECNAV?

• Who Cares?– Do you have support of Leadership?

• What is your Funding?– How much?– From who?– What kind?

9

Energy Manager – Day 1


• Examine your goals – where are you now and where do you need to be– Now – facility utility bills, meter reads, prior reports

• Tells you who the big users are at your location.

– Now – benchmarking of facilities

• Who’s on your Team?– Leadership, Utilities Dept, Contracting Dept, Billing,

facility managers, HVAC technicians, Utility providers, construction managers, estimators, design managers

10

Energy Manager – First Week


• Where does 4 Million Watts go in the middle of the night?

• Build a “Top Ten” list. Could be as much as 50% of your usage

• Audit Facilities– If you don’t know how – have professionals do it– Utility providers will do it for free.– Facility managers can offer a lot.

• Build a plan– What (EEMs), where (buildings), who (team), when (timeframe)– These become Projects

11

Energy Manager – First Month


• Energy Project Phases1. Research

• Auditing• Benchmarking

2. Development / Design• Decide which EEMs pay• LCCA

3. Funding & Acquisition (Contracts)• Acquisition vehicle

4. Construction5. Commissioning

• This is the one I see done wrong the most often6. Measurement & Verification (M&V)

12

Energy Manager - Projects


• How do we compare to other similar operations?– Usually done on an energy per square foot basis– MMBTU allows you to make all energy equivalent– Type of buildings need to be comparable

• DOE offers benchmarks for various building– Comparing similar buildings in differing climates requires care– Hospitals and computer facilities will use much more than

warehouses– Housing uses more water than offices

• How big of a job is ahead of us?

•

13

Benchmarking

http://energy.gov/eere/buildings/building-performance-database


• Why do we establish a Baseline?– Helps to identify where the energy is being used before you start– It is not just how much energy is being used but must include:

• Schedules• Weather• Operations

• Helps develop models that allow us to determine how much we might save– eQuest

• Avoids getting credited or penalized for things we did not change– Increased throughput– Double shift/overtime

• You can’t tell how far you have come unless you know where you started

14

Establishing a Baseline

Energy Exchange: Connect • Collaborate • Conserve15

Establishing a Baseline

A Change in Work Schedules can Make a Big Difference


• Think of this as setting your course for a trip, maybe a long one

• What are your objectives?– Cost, payback, energy and water goals, reliability, net

zero• Selecting projects requires you to make trade offs

– You may have to run equipment at a lower level at night to avoid a demand spike in the morning

• Establish a Commissioning Plan to get results• Establish an M&V Plan to show results

•

16

Energy Planning

Don’t forget who you are taking along with you!


• Determine who will be impacted, who can help and who may be an obstacle

• Set aside time to be creative– Take training and absorb it

• Maybe it isn’t for you but an associate• How can I use any new technology

– Pause and think of what might be– Start with ideas without cost constraints– Consider all sources of energy and water you see– Can we recover that heat or water and use it

17

Energy Planning (Continued)


• What’s using the most money (Energy, steam, air, water, NG,…)• Resource Consumers:

– HVAC 25-40% depending on who you ask & where you are– Lighting 20% depending…– Plug loads 20% depending…. { is it a data center? }– Water easy, big reductions, poor payback

• Need some sort of audit, survey, analysis• You will have to meet people

– Most building managers have little idea what it costs to run the building

– Occupancy matching (setbacks) – highest return for (almost) no money

• Would you leave you car running all night, just it’s ready tomorrow?

18

Energy Project Development


• Energy & Water Efficiency: What to look for:

Lights left on in unoccupied spaces No personal heaters, refrigerators,

appliances Computer monitors left on- Turn off after

hours Heating in unoccupied spaces – report /

turn off Heating / cooling way out of limits: too

hot, too cold! Broken doors & windows, leaks around

edges Steam leaks, broken insulation Leaking Steam Traps Compressed Air Leaks Clogged filters Water leaks, running toilets

Use Energy Star products We are required by law to purchase

Energy Star products

19

Working with Building Managers – ExamplesFor many – it’s not their first or only job


Occupancy Schedule


Occupancy Schedule

This part of the building is empty 75% of the time.


• Check liquid lines on DX units when running • Check cooling towers or chiller temps• Look for broken photo sensors• Use data recorders to see if the lights turn off from

photo or motion• Data recorders for compressor run times• Look for fluorescent lights with rolling or black ends.

Better yet get rid of all of it with LEDs

22

Low Hanging Fruit A


• Engineering wise there is some advise to follow:– Don’t over complicate unless you want your system

disabled• Just because you can do it doesn’t mean you should• 90% of the savings reliably is better going after 100% with a

system that fails all the time• Make everything fail safe:

• If the system controls shut down the system will operate as desired

• Just lose energy savings until fixed• Don’t drive savings and negatively impacting

operations• Make them want what you did• Improve operations where possible

23

Design Thoughts


X

• Retrofits should not be designed to the deteriorated level

24

The Lighting Game

Over time the level will just get dimmer


• Energy Investment Program (EIP)– Direct funding for smaller projects

• Energy Resilience Capital Investment Program (ERCIP)– Direct funding for larger projects– Now includes a resiliency element

• Energy Services Contract– Third party audit and funding

• Utility Energy Services Contract– Utility audits and finds third party funding– Utility typically has someone under contract

25

Funding Alternatives


• Considers all cost of a project• Considers life of the

equipment• Compares to all savings of a

project• Considers recurring and non-

recurring costs of a project• Includes Investment hurdle

rate• If it does not pass the hurdle

rate you do not get your money back

26

Life Cycle Costing (LCCA)


Branch, Date, Installation, Project Title, Program Element, Cat Code, Project Number, Cost, Estimate Breakdown, Proposed Project Description, Short Description, Requirement, Current Situation, Impact if not implemented, Environmental Impact, Measurement and Verification, LEED and additional

27

The DD1391

Summary of the Project, Motivation and Impact


• Describing the work, SOW– Statements of work must be drafted to provide a

description of the work required• Complete, clear and concise• Contain all work requirements• Different that how to do the job

• Include commissioning • Include M&V

28

Statement(s) of Work

Consider third party


• Reliability of the electrical grid has gathered significant focus within the government sector

• Some energy projects can address these issues but increased reliability comes at a cost– Payback may have to be compromised– Standby systems may require added costs– Considerations for increased operating and maintenance

cost are a must

29

Resiliency


• Triangle of Quality– Schedule– Statement of Work– Cost

• There is an old expression ‘Maintain scope and schedule and costs and quality will be managed as well

30

Execution


• Is the project performing as planned?– This can get very detailed– Need to check scenarios that are not present at the time of

testing– Verify that you have control– Verify that all features are functional

• It is not enough to know all devices are hooked up, they must function as designed

31

Commissioning

THIS IS IMPORTANT!!!!!!


• Establishing savings and payback– Prescriptive – Lighting

• Calculated by using the wattage savings and the hours operated

• Indoor lighting may have an impact on HVAC

– Custom – These involve HVAC, controls or building envelope changes

• Require modeling such as eQuest• Outputs will be needed to support funding

– Usually Described as FEMP Option A, B, C or D

32

Measurement and Verification


• Do not miss the opportunity to reflect on everything and determine what you learned:– What was successful?– What could be done better?– Who could have helped do it better?– Who should have been engaged earlier?– What can be done to make it more effective or

sustainable?

33

Lessons Learned


• Starting it all over again to discover more savings– Life changes and the building need to match those needs– New technologies make previously rejected savings

plausible – Technology cost go down as they are better adopted

34

Repeat


• Daylight Harvesting– Added skylights and a new roof– Added lighting controls and LED lights

35

Project Examples

Before After


• Daylight Harvesting– Added side light panels – Added lighting controls and LED lights

36

Project Examples

Before After


• Infrared Gas Heaters– Installed Infrared Gas

heaters – Replaced Propane in

this building– Other buildings

replaced electric heaters

37

Project Examples


• Solar PV– 36 KW Photo Voltaic System installed on a roof

38

Project Examples


• Daylight Harvesting– Large building using centralized controls– Allows for optimization if people participate

• Also integrated other Buildings– Improved scheduling – HVAC Optimization– Boiler Optimization

Can you spot what is wrong?

39

Project Examples


FY15 RMe - Flight Line, Exterior Building and Fence Line Lighting C


Hangar 12 Before/After


Ranger Ave, Security Fence, Fleet Replacement Center

• Airfield – Dark Sky lighting important for safety

• Increased color rendering for security

• Approximately 68-72% reduction in wattage


FY14 RMe - Facility Upgrades Phase 3Conventional EEMs, Restoration financing (appropriated)


Tenant Energy Efficiency Competition

If we’re doing it right, nobody notices


Questions?

Chris E TaylorInstallation Energy Manager, CEM, DGCP

Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, WA

Allen J Honey, PE, CEMResource Efficiency Manager

Sain Engineering and Associates Proudly Serving

Marine Corps Support Facility - Blount IslandJacksonville, FL

Questions?

Documents

What’s a Watt - Energy Exchange 2017 - Training and ... · PDF fileWhat’s a Watt ENERGY 101 ... August 15, 2017. Allen J Honey, PE. REM (MCSF-Blount Island) Sain Engineering and