Where did Industry Originate?

11.1

Questions

• Where Industry is located?• How did it diffuse?• Why is it located there?• What makes a place suitable for industry?• Connections to the world…

– Where are the markets?– Where are the resources?

– Must consider local diversity

Industrial Hearths in Britain

The Industrial Revolution originated in areas of northern England in the mid 1700s. Factories often clustered near coalfields.

Cottage Industries-Prior to 1750, industries were normally spread out since most manufacturing

was home-based.

-Textiles mainly…-”putters-out” picked up

and collected-piece rate

Review• Which of the following best captures a structuralist

interpretation (dependency theory) of the development gap?• A. Less-developed countries fall behind more-developed

countries in levels of wealth and development because people in LDCs do not work efficiently.

• B. LDCs are in stages 2 and 3 of Rostow’s model• C. MDCs have reached high development levels because of

coal deposits beneath their soils• D. LDCs remain poor because they are continually exploited

by MDCs seeking resources and labor.• E. LDCs will develop in the same pattern as MDCs have, but

it will take time and self-improvement.

Review

• A factory process transforming raw corn into processed baby food falls into which economic category?

• A) Primary

• B) Secondary

• C) Tertiary

• D) Quaternary

• E) Quinary

Review

• As a country industrializes, a decrease in jobs usually occurs in which sector?

• A) primary

• B) secondary

• C) tertiary

• D) quaternary

• E) quinary

Review

• The United Nations Human Development Index (HDI) is based on the assumption that a country’s development

• A) is directly related to its position in the core or periphery

• B) is a function of social, demographic, and economic factors

• C) can improve if countries liberalize trade policies• D) is indicated most accurately by its gross

domestic product• E) is a reflection of its population count

Steam Power

James Watt invented a steam engine that was used to increase production…especially in the textile and iron industries.

Remember the limitations

• What was the labor force like?

• When could they work?

• Where did they live?

Steam Power

• When H20 is boiled it expands 1600x

• Forces a piston to move

• Back and forth piston movement can drive machinery

• Long history of steam power but it was inefficient

Coal

Coal was the main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens. What was the main energy source prior to

coal? Why was it scarce?

TransportationCanals and then railroads were used to transport

raw materials and manufactured goods more quickly and cheaply

Bridgewater Canal Stephenson’s “Rocket”

Textiles

Arkwright’s spinning frame

helped to establish Britain's

position in the nineteenth

century as the world leader in

textile production

Diffusion across Europe

Railroads were built first in

Britain and later diffused to other areas of Europe.

Timeline-Think…Why are these so important?

• 1100-onwards- Colonies• 1673- Test Act- Forbid non church workers from working in the

government• 1701-Seed drill• 1759-Canal Act-enabled canal building…1760 1st canal• 1761-1st Factory• 1764- Spinning Jenny- only 1 person on a loom• 1769- Steam power• 1793-Cotton gin• 1802-Health and Moral act and Electric Battery• 1807-Steamboat• 1814-1st time more secondary jobs in Britain• 1815- Safety Lamp• 1820-Proper roads• 1824-Portland Cement• 1829- Trains• 1856- Bessemer Process and Synthetic dyes

Food Processing

• 1810-canning invented

• 1839-tin can

Diffusion to the United StatesThe growth of manufacturing in the U.S.

was originally slow because:• labor and capital was scarce

• shipping to European markets was expensive

The US textile industry

The 1st US textile mill was built in Pawtucket, RI in 1791 by Samuel Slater