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Wildlife Management
Species
Unit Map Set Up
Unit name: Wildlife management
Unit Essential Question: How can we manage wildlife to provide the best biodiversity?
Lesson Essential Question
What are the different species of wildlife?
History
Mammals, birds, and fish enabled the early pioneers to survive.
Meat=foodskins=shelter and clothingOil from animal fat=kept firearms
usable and light in cabins
History
Species of wildlife, such as bears and cougars were killed because they were a ‘threat’
Niche
Niche- Role an organism or population plays within it community or ecosystem
Why is this important?
Species- Rare
Rare- populations are very small and usually in one area
EX: snowy owl (Harry potter), blue-footed boobies (Galapagos islands), clouded leopard (Asia), woolly mammoth (Siberia), star-nosed mole (eastern North America)
Species- Rare Snowy Owl
Species- Rare Blue Footed Boobies
Species- Rare Clouded Leopard
Species- Rare Woolly Mammoth
Species- Rare Star-nosed Mole
Species- Threatened and Endangered
Threatened species- a species that is likely to become endangered in the near future
Endangered species- in danger of becoming extinct
Species- Endangered DE
Bald Eagle (24 species of Birds)
Species- Endangered DE
Red-headed Woodpecker
Species- Endangered DE
Reptiles: 6 species, 5 are turtles, and Corn Snake
Species- Endangered DE
Amphibians- Eastern Tiger Salamander and Barking Tree frog
Species- Endangered DE
Mammals- Delmarva Fox Squirrel
Species- Endangered DE
Fish- Atlantic Sturgeon
Species- Endangered DE
Mollusks- 6 species, Yellow Lampmussel, Brook Floater
Species- Endangered DE
Insects- 9 species, little white tiger beetle, frosted elfin, rare skipper, and more
Species- Extinct
Extinct species- no longer exist outside of museums and photographs
Species- Extinct Passenger Pigeon
Species- Extinct Carolina Parakeet
Species- Extinct Heath Hen
Activity:
Research Extinct animals. Pick a species, research how they
became extinct. Are there any regulations that
came out after they became extinct?
Wildlife Management
Habitat and Population Control
Warm-up
What was special about your extinct species?
Lesson Essential Question
How is population controlled?
Habitat Requirements for Wildlife
Food:Herbivores(plant eaters)Carnivores
(meat eaters)Insectivores
(insect eaters)
Frugivores (fruit eaters)
Omnivores (eat many different foods)
Spermivores (seed eaters)
Habitat Requirements for Wildlife
Food:Euryphagus- consumes great
variety of foodStenophagus- animal that eats a
specialized diet
Habitat Requirements for Wildlife
Cover:Animals must have a place to
protect them from weather conditions.
EX: fences, trees, water, furrow, etc.
Habitat Requirements for Wildlife
Water: Most important requirement. Bodies of most animals consist of 60-80% water
Water important for blood composition, temperature regulation, and nutrient transport
No water= no wildlife
Habitat Requirements for Wildlife
Home Range- area which game travels
Territory- area an animal will defend even to death
Home range will overlap
Population Control
Every animal reproduces.Why aren’t we over run with
mice?
Population Control
All species need shelter, food, water and safety area= habitat
Limiting factors- something that will limit the species. Food, water, sunlight, predators, disease or something else.
Population Control
Carrying Capacity- no single species can ever reproduce without limit.
Population Control
• Logistic curve- shows how population of an organism in a given habitat grows at an increasing rate until limiting factors start to slow and eventually stop the population increase altogether.
Population Control Methods
Hunting Re-Introduce Natural PredatorsControlled BurnsPrevent Human Feeding of
AnimalHigh Fencing around crops and
Plants
Activity
Owl Pellet dissection lab
Activity
Extinction: Is it inevitable?
Wildlife Management
Game Management Procedures
Warm-up
Name the ways to control population.
Lesson Essential Question
How is game managed?
Game Management
Game Refuges- land set aside for the protection of wildlife species.
Provides basics for survival (no hunters)
No protection once leave refugeNo protection from natural
predators
Game ManagementHabitat Development –
development and improvement of food, water, and shelter for wildlife
Fences for CoverWoodland Management- allow
livestock to graze (decrease in game) or not graze (increase in game)
Game Management
Coordination with other resourcesWork with farms to leave a row or two of crops for wildlife feed
Game Management
Hunting RegulationsHunting-killing of game for food or
pleasureBag limits- restrict the # of
animals one can take per day, season, etc.
Game ManagementHunting RegulationsBison crisis created solutions to
over huntingHunting controlled on public and
private landsHunting seasons and closed
seasons change each year in accordance to population size.
Game Management
Predator Control- based on 2 beliefs
Medium sized and large predators can be dangerous to people
Predators can be a threat to domestic livestock and wild game
Game Management
Beneficial Predators1. Control on prey species by # of
predators controlled
2. Predators feel on pests (rats and mice)
Game Management
Beneficial Predators3. Predators control practices
keep species in a healthier condition
4. Predators help maintain improved game by killing weak and handicapped individuals
Game ManagementArtificial Stocking- stocking of
game natural to the area or the introduction of species new to the area
New species- to introduce new or additional species to an area or to supply predators for population problem. Dangerous
Game Management
Artificial Stocking2 principles carefully examined:
Wildlife biologist must examine the desired population density (# of game animals in a defined area)
Estimated Carrying Capacity
Game Management
Artificial StockingEstimated Carrying Capacity
Population increase- environmental problems
Too much game= starvation, unhealthy animals, disease problems
Game ManagementIndividual Landowner Game
Management. ReadingCreate a drawing of what you would include using hand out and book.
Write a description of what you included and why.
Wildlife Management
Legislation and Game Management
Warm-up Name the 6 ways of game
management.
Lesson Essential QuestionWhat legislation is enacted for
wildlife management?
Lacey Act of 1900
First major law for wildlifeMade it a federal offense to
transport illegally taken wildlife across state boundaries
Migratory Bird Act of 1929
Provide refuges for migratory birds
Broader statement of the Lacey Act
Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act of 1934
Gave federal government a way of raising money for acquiring lands for migratory game birds
Pittman-Robertson Program and Dingell-Johnson Act of 1950
Two lawsExcise tax on guns,
ammunition, and tackle by states
Funds raised went to fish and game departments
Lea Act of 1948
Provided federal land for use as waterfowl feeding areas to lure birds from private cropland
Endangered Species Act of 1966
Gave the authority of examining and recommending procedures protecting rare and endangered species to the Fish and Wildlife Service
Book Work and Review
Pg. 330 Discussion Questions
Quiz Review
