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    INTRODUCTION :- JAPAN

    ACKGROUND:

    1603, after decades of civil warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in

    ong period of relative political stability and isolation from foreign influence. For more than two centuries this

    olicy enabled Japan to enjoy a flowering of its indigenous culture. Japan opened its ports after signing the

    eaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854 and began to intensively modernize and industrialize. During the late

    9th and early 20th centuries, Japan became a regional power that was able to defeat the forces of both China

    nd Russia. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), and southern Sakhalin Island. In 1931-32 Japan occupied

    anchuria, and in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan attacked US forces in 1941 - triggering

    merica's entry into World War II - and soon occupied much of East and Southeast Asia. After its defeat in World

    ar II, Japan recovered to become an economic power and an ally of the US. While the emperor retains his

    rone as a symbol of national unity, elected politicians hold actual decision-making power. Following three

    ecades of unprecedented growth, Japan's economy experienced a major slowdown starting in the 1990s, but

    e country remains a major economic power. In March 2011, Japan's strongest-ever earthquake, and an

    companying tsunami, devastated the northeast part of Honshu island, killing thousands and damaging several

    uclear power plants. The catastrophe hobbled the country's economy and its energy infrastructure, and tested

    s ability to deal with humanitarian disasters.

    EOGRAPHY ::JAPAN

    ocation:

    astern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula

    eographic coordinates:

    6 00 N, 138 00 E

    ap references:

    sia

    rea:

    tal: 377,915 sq km

    ountry comparison to the world:62

    nd: 364,485 sq km

    ater: 13,430 sq km

    ote:includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), a

    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2011&alphaletter=G&term=Geographic%20coordinateshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2011&alphaletter=G&term=Geographic%20coordinateshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2145&alphaletter=M&term=Map%20referenceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/asia.pdfhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2147&alphaletter=A&term=Areahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=62#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=62#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=62#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2145.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2011.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2145.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2011.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2145.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2011.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=62#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2147&alphaletter=A&term=Areahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/asia.pdfhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2145&alphaletter=M&term=Map%20referenceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2011&alphaletter=G&term=Geographic%20coordinates
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    olcano Islands (Kazan-retto)

    rea - comparative:

    ghtly smaller than California

    nd boundaries:

    km

    oastline:

    9,751 km

    aritime claims:

    rritorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern

    nd Western Channels of the Korea or Tsushima Strait

    ontiguous zone: 24 nm

    xclusive economic zone: 200 nm

    imate:

    ries from tropical in south to cool temperate in north

    errain:

    ostly rugged and mountainous

    evation extremes:

    west point: Hachiro-gata -4 m

    ghest point: Fujiyama 3,776 m

    atural resources:

    egligible mineral resources, fish

    ote:with virtually no energy natural resources, Japan is the world's largest importer of coal and liquefied natural gas, as wel

    e second largest importer of oil

    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tions/the-world-factbook/fields/2111.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2125.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2059.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2106.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2096.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2023.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2111.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2020.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2125.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2059.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2106.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2060.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2096.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2023.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2111&alphaletter=N&term=Natural%20resourceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2020&alphaletter=E&term=Elevation%20extremeshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2125&alphaletter=T&term=Terrainhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2059&alphaletter=C&term=Climatehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2106&alphaletter=M&term=Maritime%20claimshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2060&alphaletter=C&term=Coastlinehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2096&alphaletter=L&term=Land%20boundarieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2023&alphaletter=A&term=Area%20-%20comparative
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    nd use:

    able land: 11.26%

    ermanent crops: 0.81%

    her: 87.93% (2011)

    rigated land:

    5,000 sq km (2010)

    otal renewable water resources:

    30 cu km (2011)

    eshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

    tal: 90.04 cu km/yr (20%/18%/62%)

    er capita: 714.3 cu m/yr (2007)

    atural hazards:

    any dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors but occasional severe earthquak

    very year; tsunamis; typhoons

    olcanism: both Unzen (elev. 1,500 m) and Sakura-jima (elev. 1,117 m), which lies near the densely populated city of Kagoshiave been deemed Decade Volcanoes by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior,

    orthy of study due to their explosive history and close proximity to human populations; other notable historically active

    olcanoes include Asama, Honshu Island's most active volcano, Aso, Bandai, Fuji, Iwo-Jima, Kikai, Kirishima, Komaga-take,

    shima, Suwanosejima, Tokachi, Yake-dake, and Usu

    nvironment - current issues:

    r pollution from power plant emissions results in acid rain; acidification of lakes and reservoirs degrading water quality and

    reatening aquatic life; Japan is one of the largest consumers of fish and tropical timber, contributing to the depletion of the

    sources in Asia and elsewhere

    nvironment - international agreements:

    arty to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity,

    imate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardou

    astes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94,

    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2097&alphaletter=L&term=Land%20usehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2146&alphaletter=I&term=Irrigated%20landhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2146&alphaletter=I&term=Irrigated%20landhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2201&alphaletter=T&term=Total%20renewable%20water%20resourceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2202&alphaletter=F&term=Freshwater%20withdrawal%20(domestic/industrial/agricultural)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2202&alphaletter=F&term=Freshwater%20withdrawal%20(domestic/industrial/agricultural)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2021&alphaletter=N&term=Natural%20hazardshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2032&alphaletter=E&term=Environment%20-%20current%20issueshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2032&alphaletter=E&term=Environment%20-%20current%20issueshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2033&alphaletter=E&term=Environment%20-%20international%20agreementshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2033&alphaletter=E&term=Environment%20-%20international%20agreementshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2033.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2021.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2201.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2146.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2033.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2021.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2201.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2146.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2033.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2021.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2201.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2146.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2033.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2021.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2201.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2146.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2033.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2021.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2201.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2146.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2033.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2032.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2021.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2201.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2146.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2097.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2033&alphaletter=E&term=Environment%20-%20international%20agreementshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2032&alphaletter=E&term=Environment%20-%20current%20issueshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2021&alphaletter=N&term=Natural%20hazardshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2202&alphaletter=F&term=Freshwater%20withdrawal%20(domestic/industrial/agricultural)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2201&alphaletter=T&term=Total%20renewable%20water%20resourceshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2146&alphaletter=I&term=Irrigated%20landhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2097&alphaletter=L&term=Land%20use
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    etlands, Whaling

    gned, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

    OVERNMENT ::JAPAN

    rategic location in northeast Asia

    ountry name:

    onventional long form: none

    onventional short form: Japan

    cal long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku

    cal short form: Nihon/Nippon

    overnment type:

    parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy

    apital:

    ame: Tokyo

    eographic coordinates: 35 41 N, 139 45 E

    me difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)

    dministrative divisions:

    7 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo,

    araki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki,

    ara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori,

    oyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi

    dependence:

    May 1947 (current constitution adopted as amendment to Meiji Constitution); notable earlier dates: 660 B.C. (traditional da

    the founding of the nation by Emperor JIMMU); 29 November 1890 (Meiji Constitution provides for constitutional monarch

    ational holiday:

    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    rthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933)

    onstitution:

    evious 1890; latest approved 6 October 1946, adopted 3 November 1946, effective 3 May 1947 (2013)

    egal system:

    vil law system based on German model; system also reflects Anglo-American influence and Japanese traditions; judicial revi

    legislative acts in the Supreme Court

    ternational law organization participation:

    cepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

    uffrage:

    0 years of age; universal

    xecutive branch:

    hief of state: Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989)

    ead of government: Prime Minister Shinzo ABE (since 26 December 2012); Deputy Prime Minister Taro ASO (since 26 Decem

    012)

    binet: Cabinet is appointed by the prime minister

    or more information visit theWorld Leaders website )

    ections: Diet, the bicameral legislature, designates the prime minister; constitution requires that the prime minister comma

    arliamentary majority; following legislative elections, the leader of majority party or leader of majority coalition in House of

    epresentatives usually becomes prime minister; the monarchy is hereditary

    egislative branch:

    cameral Diet or Kokkai consists of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members elected for fixed six-year terms

    46 members in multi-seat constituencies and 96 by proportional representation) half elected every three years; and the HouRepresentatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members elected for maximum four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies;

    embers by proportional representation in 11 regional blocs); the prime minister has the right to dissolve the House of

    epresentatives at any time with the concurrence of the cabinet

    ections: House of Councillors - last held on 21 July 2013 (next to be held in July 2016); House of Representatives - last held o

    6 December 2012 (next to be held by 15 December 2016)

    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ations/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2123&alphaletter=S&term=Suffragehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2220&alphaletter=I&term=International%20law%20organization%20participationhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2100&alphaletter=L&term=Legal%20systemhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2063&alphaletter=C&term=Constitution
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    ection results: House of Councillors - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - LPD 115, DPJ 59, New Komeito 20, Your

    arty 18, JCP 11, JRP 9, SDP 3, others 4, independents 3

    ouse of Representatives - percent of vote by party (by proportional representation) - LDP 31.6%, DPJ 16.6%, JRP 22.2%, New

    omeito 12.2%, Your Party 7.7%, JCP 4.4%, TRP 3.9%, others 1.4%; seats by party LDP 294, DPJ 57, JRP 54, New Komeito 31, Y

    arty 18, TPJ 9, JCP 8, others 4, independents 5

    dicial branch:

    ghest court(s): Supreme Court or Saiko saibansho (consists of the chief justice and 14 associate justices)

    ote - the Supreme Court has jurisdiction in constitutional issues

    dge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice designated by the Cabinet and appointed by the monarch;

    sociate justices appointed by the Cabinet and confirmed by the monarch; all justices are reviewed in a popular referendum

    e first general election of the House of Representatives following each judge's appointment and every 10 years afterward

    bordinate courts: 8 High Courts (Koto-saiban-sho), each with a Family Court (Katei-saiban-sho); 50 District Courts (Chiho

    ibansho), with 203 additional branches; 438 Summary Courts (Kani saibansho)

    CONOMY ::JAPAN

    onomy - overview:

    the years following World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of high technology, an

    omparatively small defense allocation (1% of GDP) helped Japan develop a technologically advanced economy. Two notab

    haracteristics of the post-war economy were the close interlocking structures of manufacturers, suppliers, and distributor

    nown as keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment for a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both featue now eroding under the dual pressures of global competition and domestic demographic change. Japan's industrial secto

    heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. A small agricultural sector is highly subsidized and protected, wi

    op yields among the highest in the world. While self-sufficient in rice production, Japan imports about 60% of its food on

    loric basis. For three decades, overall real economic growth had been spectacular - a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5%

    verage in the 1970s, and a 4% average in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, averaging just 1.7%, largely

    ecause of the after effects of inefficient investment and an asset price bubble in the late 1980s that required a protracted

    eriod of time for firms to reduce excess debt, capital, and labor. Modest economic growth continued after 2000, but the

    conomy has fallen into recession three times since 2008. A sharp downturn in business investment and global demand for

    pan's exports in late 2008 pushed Japan into recession. Government stimulus spending helped the economy recover in la

    009 and 2010, but the economy contracted again in 2011 as the massive 9.0 magnitude earthquake and the ensuing tsunaMarch disrupted manufacturing. The economy has largely recovered in the two years since the disaster, but reconstructi

    the Tohoku region has been uneven. Newly-elected Prime Minister Shinzo ABE has declared the economy his governmen

    p priority; he has pledged to reconsider his predecessor's plan to permanently close nuclear power plants and is pursuing

    conomic revitalization agenda of fiscal stimulus and regulatory reform and has said he will press the Bank of Japan to loos

    onetary policy. Measured on a purchasing power parity (PPP) basis that adjusts for price differences, Japan in 2012 stood

    e fourth-largest economy in the world after second-place China, which surpassed Japan in 2001, and third-place India, wh

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    dged out Japan in 2012. The new government will continue a longstanding debate on restructuring the economy and reini

    Japan's huge government debt, which exceeds 200% of GDP. Persistent deflation, reliance on exports to drive growth, an

    n aging and shrinking population are other major long-term challenges for the economy.

    DP (purchasing power parity):

    4.576 trillion (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:5

    4.488 trillion (2011 est.)

    4.514 trillion (2010 est.)

    ote:data are in 2012 US dollars

    DP (official exchange rate):

    5.88 trillion (2012 est.)

    DP - real growth rate:

    % (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:134

    .6% (2011 est.)

    7% (2010 est.)

    DP - per capita (PPP):

    35,900 (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:36

    35,100 (2011 est.)

    35,300 (2010 est.)

    ote:data are in 2012 US dollars

    ross national saving:

    1.6% of GDP (2012 est.)

    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tml?fieldkey=2195&alphaletter=G&term=GDP%20(official%20exchange%20rate)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2001&alphaletter=G&term=GDP%20(purchasing%20power%20parity)
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    ountry comparison to the world:65

    2% of GDP (2011 est.)

    3.5% of GDP (2010 est.)

    DP - composition, by end use:

    ousehold consumption: 60.9%

    overnment consumption: 20.5%

    vestment in fixed capital: 21.2%

    vestment in inventories: -0.6%

    xports of goods and services: 14.7%

    mports of goods and services: -16.6%

    012 est.)

    DP - composition, by sector of origin:

    griculture: 1.1%

    dustry: 26.1%

    rvices: 72.8% (2012 est.)

    griculture - products:

    ce, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs; fish

    dustries:

    mong world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, ste

    nd nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

    dustrial production growth rate:

    % (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:123

    bor force:

    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2260rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=65#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2260rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=65#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2260rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=65#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2259&alphaletter=G&term=GDP%20-%20composition,%20by%20end%20usehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2012&alphaletter=G&term=GDP%20-%20composition,%20by%20sector%20of%20originhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2052&alphaletter=A&term=Agriculture%20-%20productshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2090&alphaletter=I&term=Industrieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2089&alphaletter=I&term=Industrial%20production%20growth%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2089&alphaletter=I&term=Industrial%20production%20growth%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2089rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=123#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2089rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=123#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2089rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=123#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2095&alphaletter=L&term=Labor%20forcehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2095.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2090.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2259.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2095.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2090.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2259.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2095.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2090.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2259.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2095.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2090.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2259.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2095.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2090.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2259.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2095.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2090.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2012.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2259.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2095&alphaletter=L&term=Labor%20forcehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2089rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=123#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2089&alphaletter=I&term=Industrial%20production%20growth%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2090&alphaletter=I&term=Industrieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2052&alphaletter=A&term=Agriculture%20-%20productshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2012&alphaletter=G&term=GDP%20-%20composition,%20by%20sector%20of%20originhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2259&alphaletter=G&term=GDP%20-%20composition,%20by%20end%20usehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2260rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=65#ja
  • 8/13/2019 Wilson Assignment1

    9/22

    5.55 million (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:9

    bor force - by occupation:

    griculture: 3.9%

    dustry: 26.2%

    rvices: 69.8% (2010 est.)

    nemployment rate:

    4% (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:38

    6% (2011 est.)

    opulation below poverty line:

    6% (2010)

    ousehold income or consumption by percentage share:

    west 10%: 1.9%

    ghest 10%: 27.5% (2008)

    stribution of family income - Gini index:

    7.6 (2008)

    ountry comparison to the world:76

    4.9 (1993)

    udget:

    venues: $1.988 trillion

    xpenditures: $2.578 trillion (2012 est.)

    axes and other revenues:

    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2095rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=9#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2095rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=9#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2095rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=9#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2048&alphaletter=L&term=Labor%20force%20-%20by%20occupationhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2129&alphaletter=U&term=Unemployment%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2129rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=38#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2129rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=38#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2129rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=38#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2046&alphaletter=P&term=Population%20below%20poverty%20linehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2046&alphaletter=P&term=Population%20below%20poverty%20linehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2047&alphaletter=H&term=Household%20income%20or%20consumption%20by%20percentage%20sharehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2047&alphaletter=H&term=Household%20income%20or%20consumption%20by%20percentage%20sharehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2172&alphaletter=D&term=Distribution%20of%20family%20income%20-%20Gini%20indexhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=76#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=76#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=76#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2056&alphaletter=B&term=Budgethttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2221&alphaletter=T&term=Taxes%20and%20other%20revenueshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2221&alphaletter=T&term=Taxes%20and%20other%20revenueshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2221.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2047.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2048.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2221.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2047.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2048.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2221.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2047.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2048.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2221.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2047.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2048.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2221.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2047.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2048.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2221.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2047.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2048.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2221.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2047.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2046.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2129.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2048.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2221&alphaletter=T&term=Taxes%20and%20other%20revenueshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2056&alphaletter=B&term=Budgethttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2172rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=76#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2172&alphaletter=D&term=Distribution%20of%20family%20income%20-%20Gini%20indexhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2047&alphaletter=H&term=Household%20income%20or%20consumption%20by%20percentage%20sharehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2046&alphaletter=P&term=Population%20below%20poverty%20linehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2129rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=38#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2129&alphaletter=U&term=Unemployment%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2048&alphaletter=L&term=Labor%20force%20-%20by%20occupationhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2095rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=9#ja
  • 8/13/2019 Wilson Assignment1

    10/22

    3.8% of GDP (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:73

    udget surplus (+) or deficit (-):

    0% of GDP (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:200

    ublic debt:

    19.1% of GDP (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:2

    10.6% of GDP (2011 est.)

    scal year:

    April - 31 March

    flation rate (consumer prices):

    % (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:4

    .3% (2011 est.)

    entral bank discount rate:

    1% (31 December 2012)

    ountry comparison to the world:140

    3% (31 December 2009)

    ommercial bank prime lending rate:

    48% (31 December 2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:181

    48% (31 December 2011 est.)

    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2221rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=73#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2221rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=73#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2221rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=73#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2222&alphaletter=B&term=Budget%20surplus%20(+)%20or%20deficit%20(-)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2222rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=200#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2222rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=200#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2222rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=200#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2186&alphaletter=P&term=Public%20debthttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2186&alphaletter=P&term=Public%20debthttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2080&alphaletter=F&term=Fiscal%20yearhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2080&alphaletter=F&term=Fiscal%20yearhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2092&alphaletter=I&term=Inflation%20rate%20(consumer%20prices)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2092rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=4#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2092rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=4#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2092rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=4#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2207&alphaletter=C&term=Central%20bank%20discount%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2207&alphaletter=C&term=Central%20bank%20discount%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2207rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=140#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2207rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=140#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2207rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=140#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2208&alphaletter=C&term=Commercial%20bank%20prime%20lending%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2208rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=181#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2208rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=181#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2208rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=181#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2208.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2207.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2080.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2186.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2222.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2208.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2207.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2080.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2186.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2222.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2208.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2207.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2080.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2186.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2222.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2208.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2207.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2080.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2186.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2222.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2208.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2207.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2080.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2186.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2222.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2208.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2207.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2092.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2080.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2186.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2222.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2208rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=181#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2208&alphaletter=C&term=Commercial%20bank%20prime%20lending%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2207rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=140#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2207&alphaletter=C&term=Central%20bank%20discount%20ratehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2092rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=4#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2092&alphaletter=I&term=Inflation%20rate%20(consumer%20prices)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2080&alphaletter=F&term=Fiscal%20yearhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2186rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2186&alphaletter=P&term=Public%20debthttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2222rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=200#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2222&alphaletter=B&term=Budget%20surplus%20(+)%20or%20deficit%20(-)https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2221rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=73#ja
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    ountry comparison to the world:5

    789.9 billion (2011 est.)

    xports - commodities:

    otor vehicles 13.6%; semiconductors 6.2%; iron and steel products 5.5%; auto parts 4.6%; plastic materials 3.5%; power

    enerating machinery 3.5%

    xports - partners:

    hina 18.1%, US 17.8%, South Korea 7.7%, Thailand 5.5%, Hong Kong 5.1% (2012)

    mports:

    830.1 billion (2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:5

    794.4 billion (2011 est.)

    mports - commodities:

    etroleum 15.5%; liquid natural gas 5.7%; clothing 3.9%; semiconductors 3.5%; coal 3.5%; audio and visual apparatus 2.7%

    011 est.)

    mports - partners:

    hina 21.3%, US 8.8%, Australia 6.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.2%, UAE 5%, South Korea 4.6%, Qatar 4% (2012)

    eserves of foreign exchange and gold:

    1.268 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:2

    1.296 trillion (31 December 2011 est.)

    ebt - external:

    3.024 trillion (31 December 2012)

    ountry comparison to the world:6

    3.115 trillion (31 December 2011)

    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2049&alphaletter=E&term=Exports%20-%20commoditieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2050&alphaletter=E&term=Exports%20-%20partnershttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2087&alphaletter=I&term=Importshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2087rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2087rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2087rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2058&alphaletter=I&term=Imports%20-%20commoditieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2061&alphaletter=I&term=Imports%20-%20partnershttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2188&alphaletter=R&term=Reserves%20of%20foreign%20exchange%20and%20goldhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2079&alphaletter=D&term=Debt%20-%20externalhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=6#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=6#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=6#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2079.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2188.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2061.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2058.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2087.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2050.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2079rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=6#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2079&alphaletter=D&term=Debt%20-%20externalhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=2#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2188&alphaletter=R&term=Reserves%20of%20foreign%20exchange%20and%20goldhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2061&alphaletter=I&term=Imports%20-%20partnershttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2058&alphaletter=I&term=Imports%20-%20commoditieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2087rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2087&alphaletter=I&term=Importshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2050&alphaletter=E&term=Exports%20-%20partnershttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2049&alphaletter=E&term=Exports%20-%20commoditieshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2078rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=5#ja
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    ock of direct foreign investment - at home:

    222.2 billion (31 December 2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:25

    242.2 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

    ock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

    1.054 trillion (31 December 2012 est.)

    ountry comparison to the world:8

    972.3 billion (31 December 2011 est.)

    xchange rates:

    en (JPY) per US dollar -

    9.79 (2012 est.)

    9.81 (2011 est.)

    7.78 (2010 est.)

    3.57 (2009)

    03.58 (2008)

    tps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html

    A KEEN EYE FOR REAL ESTATE

    s Japanese corporate sentiment gets a boost from "Abenomics" the country's sluggish property market

    showing signs of life, with office prices in Tokyo expected to surge 10 percent over the next 18

    onths, according to one of the world's largest real estate funds.

    XA Real Estate, the property arm of Europe's second largest insurer that has 45 billion euros ($59

    llion) of assets under management, is now looking at buying office space in Tokyo, says its global

    ead of Asia Frank Khoo.

    e forecasts higher demand for commercial property in the coming months stemming from an

    mprovement in corporate profitability in Japan.

    https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2198&alphaletter=S&term=Stock%20of%20direct%20foreign%20investment%20-%20at%20homehttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=25#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=25#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=25#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2199&alphaletter=S&term=Stock%20of%20direct%20foreign%20investment%20-%20abroadhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=8#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=8#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=8#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2076&alphaletter=E&term=Exchange%20rateshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2076.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2199.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2198.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2076.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2199.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2198.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2076.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2199.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2198.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.htmlhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2076&alphaletter=E&term=Exchange%20rateshttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2199rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=8#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2199&alphaletter=S&term=Stock%20of%20direct%20foreign%20investment%20-%20abroadhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2198rank.html?countryname=Japan&countrycode=ja&regionCode=eas&rank=25#jahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/docs/notesanddefs.html?fieldkey=2198&alphaletter=S&term=Stock%20of%20direct%20foreign%20investment%20-%20at%20home
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    The weak yen is going to help the exporters and smaller manufacturers as well, this should lift

    onfidence and translate into higher demand. With higher demand we should see vacancy coming down

    nd rentals going up," Khoo said.

    Companies are going to use current low rental rates to move from outer Tokyo into inner Tokyo for

    etter quality buildings [in turn pushing rentals up]," he added.

    e forecasts vacancy rates will fall to 4 percent in 2014 from 8 percent currently, adding that office

    nts, which have largely remained flat for the past three years, will climb 1-2 percent this year and 2-4

    ercent next year.

    okyo's central business district is currently ranked the world's fifth most expensive market to rent

    ffice space in, according to global real estate services firm Cushman and Wakefield, down from third

    ace in 2012.

    nvestors have flocked into Japanese real estate investment trusts (REITs) in recent months on hopes

    Abenomics" - or Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's economic revival plan that pushes for both monetary and

    scal stimulus - would drive a recovery in the property market.

    hares of REITs including Japan Real Estate Investment and Nippon Building Fund have surged more

    an 50 percent year to date. "The REITs are back in the market acquiring assets," Khoo said.

    n further evidence of rising optimism over the property sector, Japan's Nippon Prologis REIT, which

    wns and manages warehouses across the country, raised $1.08 billion through an initial public offering

    February after pricing the stock at the top of the range.

    hoo added that with Japanese government bond yields look set to remain low, there has been a shift in

    titude towards investing in property among both institutional and retail investors.

    f you look at the mom and pops, they are really hungry for yield. With 10-year Japanese government

    onds below 0.6 percent, if you can get a 4 percent yield in commercial real estate, or 3.5 percent

    vesting in a Japanese REIT, I think money will go that way," he said.

    riginal Source URL:

    ttp://www.cnbc.com/id/100687192

    INVESTMENT REQUIREDnvesting in Japanese real estate is better here on a cash flow basis than other countries. Basically what

    is means is you buy a property, find a renter and your expected yield should be net 8% to make it a

    orthy investment. If youre able to borrow 100% of the purchase price from a bank, then you basically

    wn a property and get 8% cash in your bank at the end of every month using none of your own capital.

    uy a building with many units and it spreads out your vacancy risk as an investor thanks to volume.

    http://www.cnbc.com/id/100687192http://www.cnbc.com/id/100687192http://www.cnbc.com/id/100687192
  • 8/13/2019 Wilson Assignment1

    15/22

    apanese tenants are moving from the rural areas into the suburban areas surrounding Tokyo. In adjacent

    eas like Saitama, Chiba and Kanagawa prefectures, there are many opportunities to purchase high cash

    ow producing real estate that can rent to tenants for under JPY 100,000.

    REASON I CHOOSE THIS OPPORTUNITY

    fter almost two years of house price falls, Japans housing market is now gaining momentum, mainly due to

    e economic polic