AUGUST 2015

WIM Site Location

WIM #30 is located on MN 61 near Two Harbors in Lake county.

System Operation

WIM #30 was operational for the entire month of August 2015. Volume was computed using all monthly data.

System Calibration

WIM #30 was most recently calibrated on 2014-06-18. Table 1 summarizes the front axle weights of class 9s by lane 1. Table 1 indicates that the class 9 front axle weights were all within ±9% of baseline calibration values for all lanes. Figure 1 shows the distribution of gross vehicle weights (GVW) in the Class 9s at this site for the last 12 months of operation 2. Figure 2 depicts the average front axle weight as a percent difference from the first full month following calibration.

Summary of Volume Statistics Total Monthly Volume: 337909 | Passenger Vehicles: 319644 | Heavy Commercial Vehicles: 18265

Monthly Average Daily Traffic (MADT): 10900 | Monthly Heavy Commercial Average Daily Traffic (MHCADT): 589

See Table 2 for vehicle class breakdown

Passenger Vehicles (PVs) and Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. NB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Fridays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. SB vehicles typically reached highest volume levels on Sundays, with lowest volumes reported on Tuesdays (see Figure 3 and 4).

Passenger Vehicles (PVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day (see Figure 5), NB PVs generally reached peak volume levels between 02 PM and 04 PM. Similarly, SB PVs peaked in volume between 01 PM and 04 PM

Heavy Commercial Vehicles (HCVs)

Volume trends. On an average 24-hour day, HCVs traveling NB typically reached peak volume levels between 02 PM and 04 PM, while volume going SB peaked between 01 PM and 04 PM. See Figure 6. Out of all HCVs, the two highest traffic volumes were generated by Class 5's and Class 9's.

Overweight HCVs

Volume trends. Of a total of 18265 HCVs, 2062 of them were overweight 3. These overweight HCVs contributed to 0.8% of total monthly volume, and 14.3% of total monthly HCV volume. NB overweight vehicles typically reached highest numbers on Tuesdays, with lowest volumes reported on Sundays. SB overweight vehicles tended to reach highest volumes on Tuesdays, with lowest volumes reported on Saturdays. See Figure 3 . The top two overweight violators by class were the class 9 and class 10 vehicles . Overall, overweight vehicles tended to reach peak volume concentrations during typical business hours, with 56.2% of all overweight vehicles traveling SB this month (see Figure 7 & 8). Figure 9 shows the number of vehicles exceeding 88,000 pounds that crossed the WIM over the last 12 months. The highest number of 88,000+ vehicles within the last 12 months occurred in February. WIMs are currently used as a screening tool for weight enforcement, and it is estimated that the WIM scales can measure gross vehicle weights (GVW) within 90-95% of static weight scale measurements. Due to the possibility of measurement error, vehicles exceeding 10% of their legal weight limits (or 1.1 times their legal weight limits) are considered overweight in this report 4. Using normal load limits ,76 NB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (46 vehicles were Class 10's; 17 vehicles were Class 13's). Of vehicles traveling SB,

287 NB vehicles exceeded 88,000 pounds (184 vehicles were Class 10's; 83 vehicles were Class 9's). Refer to Table 3 for the Top 10 highest recorded GVWs from Classes 9 and 10 from August 2015.

Loaded vs. Unloaded HCVs. Figure 10 shows the GVW distributions of Class 9s and 10s in August 2015. Data suggests that there were greater numbers of fully_loaded Class 9's than empty Class 9's traveling NB, while there were more empty Class 9's than fully_loaded traveling SB. Data also suggests that there were more fully_loaded Class 10's than empty traveling in the NB direction. In the SB direction, there were more fully_loaded class 10 vehicles.

Freight Totals. A total of 104779 tons of freight was recorded to have crossed the WIM. More freight was shipped NB (53.3%) than SB (46.7%). See Table 4 and Figure 11 for more freight information.

Infrastructure Considerations

Bridge. Bridges No. 9341 and No. 9339, which are respectively on the NB and SB side of MN 61, are approximately 1.5 miles north of WIM #30. Bridge No. 9333 (a box culvert) is approximately 1.8 miles south of WIM #30. WIM #30 recorded a total of 337909 vehicles with a combined GVW of 1700069 kips (1 kip = 1,000 pounds = 0.5 tons) in August 2015. See Table 5 and Figures 12-13 for GVW information by vehicle class and lane.

Pavement Design. A total of 10587 equivalent single axle loads (ESALs) passed over the pavement at this site. Approximately 52.7% of all ESALs were recorded SB while 47.3% was observed NB. In particular, 60% of all ESALs were generated by the Class 9's (Class 9's were also responsible for generating 17% of total GVW observed this month). See Table 6

and Figures 14-15 for more information on ESALs (Table 6 also provides flexible ESAL factors for each vehicle class using a terminal serviceability of 2.5 and a structural number of 5).

WIM monthly reports can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/reports-monthly-wimnew.html

MnDOT's vehicle classification scheme and vehicle class groupings for traffic forecasting can be found at: http://www.dot.state.mn.us/traffic/data/data-products.html#weight

To request this document in an alternative format, please call 651-366-4718 or 1-800-657-3774, or email your request to ADArequest.dot@state.mn.us. Please request at least one week in advance.

• 1 Front axle weights of Class 9s are monitored on a monthly basis to assure performance between calibrations. The current goal of the WIM scale calibration is to have each individual axle weight stay within a range of ±9% of baseline calibration values

• 2 Previous WIM research indicates that unloaded Class 9s typically weigh 28-32 kips, while loaded Class 9s generally fall in the 70-80 kip range. More recent data from several WIM sites suggests that the unloaded Class 9 range may have moved a little higher over time (due to increased presence of sleeper cabs, etc.), although these ranges are also thought to be site-specific.

• 3 An HCV is considered overweight during normal load limits in this report if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 80,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 20,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 34,000 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 43,000 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 51,000 pounds). Monthly reports use this standard regardless of the time of year however, the Winter Load Increase (WLI) allows a 10% across the board increase in axle and gross vehicle weights without a permit on US, state routes, and county roads. An HCV is considered overweight during Winter Load Increase(WLI) if they satisfy any of the following 1) exceed a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of 88,000 pounds, 2) exceed any of the legal weight maximums on any axle configurations (legal maximums are: single axle = 22,000 pounds; tandem axles spaced 8' or less = 37,400 pounds; tridem axles spaced 9' or less = 47,300 pounds; quad axles spaced 13' or less = 56,100 pounds). An overweight HCV is only included once in the overweight volume calculations regardless of how many of the aforementioned conditions are violated. For information on MN weight limit dates and statutes: http://www.mrr.dot.state.mn.us/research/seasonal_load_limits/sllindex.asp

• 4 For example, Class 9s and 10s can legally have gross vehicle weights up to 80,000 lbs (with the exception of permitted loads) during normal load limits. To account for measurement error on the WIM scales, those exceeding 10% of the legal GVW maximum (or 1.1 times the legal GVW) should be screened (e.g., 80,000 lbs + 8,000 lbs = 88,000 lbs). Similarly during WLI vehicles weighing 96,800 lbs should be screened.

Vehicle Weights (Kips)

Sep 2014

Oct 2014

Nov 2014

Dec 2014

Jan 2015

Feb 2015

Mar 2015

Apr 2015

May 2015

Jun 2015

Jul 2015

Aug 2015

88-90 54 108 41 37 66 67 54 13 34 42 69 64

90-92 40 96 26 36 56 59 56 6 25 41 62 47

92-94 27 91 34 41 55 57 48 8 15 39 73 43

94-96 40 50 30 34 50 62 58 11 10 43 79 37

96-98 27 39 37 31 59 59 59 12 18 50 75 45

98-100 17 30 40 24 46 75 33 6 12 35 46 35

>100 55 82 49 74 164 229 162 21 35 134 113 92

Total 260 496 257 277 496 608 470 77 149 384 517 363

Table 1 Class 9 Front Axle Weight by Lane

Month Lane 1 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 2 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 3 (Kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

Lane 4 (kips)

Front Axle +/- 9%

July 2014 10.12 0.00 10.52 0.00 9.92 0.00 10.80 0.00

August 2014 9.95 -1.71 10.30 -2.08 10.02 1.04 10.86 0.51

September 2014

9.61 -5.07 9.66 -8.09 10.26 3.46 10.86 0.54

October 2014 9.17 -9.43 9.43 -10.29 10.23 3.22 10.79 -0.15

November 2014

9.04 -10.67 9.81 -6.68 9.84 -0.76 10.75 -0.46

December 2014

8.75 -13.55 10.14 -3.61 10.16 2.52 10.71 -0.88

January 2015 8.65 -14.56 9.60 -8.70 10.25 3.40 10.81 0.07

February 2015 8.33 -17.74 9.64 -8.37 9.92 0.00 10.89 0.82

March 2015 8.97 -11.44 10.31 -1.97 10.01 1.00 10.89 0.82

April 2015 9.45 -6.65 10.18 -3.16 10.10 1.91 11.12 2.90

May 2015 9.66 -4.56 10.29 -2.17 10.14 2.31 11.13 3.02

June 2015 10.07 -0.49 10.57 0.51 10.39 4.81 11.10 2.77

July 2015 10.19 0.64 10.67 1.50 10.58 6.66 11.15 3.19

August 2015 10.09 -0.36 10.67 1.46 10.65 7.43 11.14 3.08

Table 2 Vehicle Classification Data Vehicle Class

Monthly Average Daily Volume

Monthly Total Volume

Monthly Total Volume Percentage

Monthly Total Overweight Vehicles

Monthly Total Overweight Percentage

1 0 1 0 0 0

2 6878 213230 63.1 0 0

3 3433 106413 31.5 0 0

4 33 1037 0.3 71 3.4

5 196 6079 1.8 77 3.7

6 36 1118 0.3 89 4.3

7 3 107 0 29 1.4

8 46 1416 0.4 39 1.9

9 228 7077 2.1 1355 65.7

10 37 1135 0.3 348 16.9

11 4 117 0 0 0

12 1 34 0 12 0.6

13 5 146 0 42 2

TOTAL 10900 337909 100 2062 100

Table 3 Top 10 Gross Vehicle Weight, Class 9 and 10 Date Day of Week Time Vehicle Class Direction Lane GVW (lbs)

2015-08-25 Tuesday 08:19:58 10 SB 4 119.75

2015-08-28 Friday 18:59:49 10 NB 1 118.57

2015-08-03 Monday 13:24:30 10 NB 1 117

2015-08-11 Tuesday 11:46:58 10 SB 4 115.45

2015-08-01 Saturday 14:57:52 10 SB 4 111.32

2015-08-12 Wednesday 05:10:15 10 SB 4 110.4

2015-08-10 Monday 10:51:56 10 SB 4 109.9

2015-08-21 Friday 03:51:20 10 SB 4 109.68

2015-08-06 Thursday 06:03:33 10 NB 1 109.58

2015-08-10 Monday 18:22:12 10 SB 4 109.37

Table 4 Freight Summary

Vehicle Class Direction

Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 NB 15 457 65 14.2 11512 844 2816

5 NB 8 2627 393 15 33702 2810 7915

6 NB 19 463 33 7.1 14870 563 3350

7 NB 11.5 45 0 0 2049 0 766

8 NB 31 586 378 64.5 8229 7055 890

9 NB 33 2769 542 19.6 137330 15340 31919

10 NB 33.5 479 100 20.9 24473 2958 5888

11 NB 36.5 42 40 95.2 95 755 11

12 NB 36.5 10 5 50 363 128 90

13 NB 31.5 88 1 1.1 7165 30 2212

TOTAL **** **** 7566 1557 **** 239788 **** 55858

Vehicle Class Direction

Weight of Empty Vehicle (Kips)

Total Number of Vehicles

Number of Empty Vehicles

Percentage of Empty Vehicles

Total Weight of Vehicles with Freight (Kips)

Total Weight of Empty Vehicles (Kips)

Total Weight of Freight (Tons)

4 SB 15 359 30 8.4 9972 397 2518

5 SB 8 2157 234 10.8 28137 1706 6376

6 SB 19 417 41 9.8 12853 702 2854

7 SB 11.5 39 0 0 1853 0 702

8 SB 31 528 401 75.9 4711 8237 387

9 SB 33 2800 1093 39 109572 31055 26621

10 SB 33.5 414 49 11.8 28760 1356 8266

11 SB 36.5 50 48 96 100 912 13

12 SB 36.5 17 5 29.4 1055 132 308

13 SB 31.5 27 0 0 2598 0 874

TOTAL **** **** 6808 1901 **** 199609 **** 48920

GRAND TOTAL **** **** 14374 3458 569 439397 74982 104779

Table 5 Gross Vehicle Weight by Class and Lane Vehicle Class NB Driving Lane NB Passing Lane SB Passing Lane SB Driving Lane Total Percentage

1 0 0 0 1 1 0

2 263030 49577 68456 264494 645557 38.1

3 240798 37932 48815 208834 536380 31.6

4 11796 560 777 9592 22725 1.3

5 33365 3147 3351 26491 66354 3.9

6 14386 1047 1178 12377 28989 1.7

7 1989 59 168 1685 3901 0.2

8 14486 798 880 12068 28232 1.7

9 140099 12571 10289 130339 293298 17.3

10 25180 2251 2226 27890 57547 3.4

11 762 88 31 982 1862 0.1

12 491 0 20 1167 1678 0.1

13 6867 327 219 2379 9793 0.6

TOTAL 753251 108356 136410 698299 1696316 100

GVW/LANE 44.41 6.39 8.04 41.17 100 0.01

Table 6 ESALs by Class and Lane and Flexible ESAL Factors

Vehicle Class NB Driving Lane

NB Passing Lane

SB Passing Lane

SB Driving Lane Total Percentage

Flexible ESAL Factor

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5

2 25 5 8 30 69 0.66 8e-04

3 79 13 16 80 187 1.78 0.0045

4 226 16 17 245 504 4.8 1.24

5 423 39 32 336 831 7.91 0.35

6 240 26 24 250 540 5.14 1.23

7 43 1 5 52 101 0.97 2.32

8 222 12 10 141 385 3.67 0.7

9 2696 324 178 3188 6385 60.78 2.3

10 416 30 63 727 1236 11.77 2.76

11 2 0 0 4 6 0.06 0.23

12 11 0 0 36 47 0.44 2.71

13 118 3 7 85 213 2.03 3.45

TOTAL 4502 469 361 5174 10505 100 18

ESALS/LANE 42.9 4.5 3.4 49.3 100 -- --

Table 7 Site Summary: Volume and Vehicle Class

Month Total Volume

Monthly ADT

Monthly HCADT

Passenger Vehicles

Passenger Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles

Heavy Commercial Vehicles %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Driving Lane %

Heavy Commercial Vehicles in Passing Lane %

Sep 2014 278968 9299 559 262186 94 16781.8 6 90.4 9.6

Oct 2014 265521 8565 615 246443 92.8 19078.5 7.2 89.9 10.1

Nov 2014 194873 6496 404 182749 93.8 12124.1 6.2 92.6 7.4

Dec 2014 126369 4076 263 118201 93.5 8168 6.5 93.9 6.1

Jan 2015 196302 6332 403 183822 93.6 12480.2 6.4 93.6 6.4

Feb 2015 182174 6506 403 170902 93.8 11271.9 6.2 93.7 6.3

Mar 2015 205559 6631 424 192421 93.6 13137.9 6.4 93.9 6.1

Apr 2015 200135 6671 380 188725 94.3 11410 5.7 93.9 6.1

May 2015 249479 8048 437 235941 94.6 13537.8 5.4 93.1 6.9

Jun 2015 280803 9360 580 263416 93.8 17386.7 6.2 91.6 8.4

Jul 2015 331891 10706 583 313816 94.6 18075.4 5.4 91.1 8.9

Aug 2015 337909 10900 587 319710 94.6 18199.2 5.4 91.4 8.6

TOTAL 2849983 -- -- 2678332 -- 171651 -- -- --

AVERAGE 237499 7799 470 223194 94 14304 6 92 8

ESALs

Month

ESALS NB Passing Lane

ESALS NB Driving Lane

ESALS SB Driving Lane

ESALS SB Passing Lane

Total ESALS

Driving Lane ESALS %

Passing Lane ESALS %

Pavement Life Decrease Months

Sep 2014 4369 478 386 5755 10988 92 8 18.7

Oct 2014 4248 560 888 7827 13523 89 11 21.2

Nov 2014 2180 237 280 3951 6648 92 8 27.9

Dec 2014 1268 115 109 3000 4492 95 5 51.7

Jan 2015 1622 203 260 5047 7132 94 6 61

Feb 2015 1234 203 242 5407 7086 94 6 79.6

Mar 2015 2292 265 213 5557 8327 94 6 58.1

Apr 2015 2268 186 147 3657 6258 95 5 9.1

May 2015 3042 263 159 3737 7202 94 6 14.7

Jun 2015 4733 440 290 4710 10173 93 7 16.6

Jul 2015 4817 485 373 5147 10822 92 8 40.5

Aug 2015 4536 469 398 5189 10591 92 8 33.4

TOTAL 36610 3906 3744 58984 103243 -- -- --

AVERAGE 3051 326 312 4915 8604 93 7 36

Gross Vehicle Weight

Month GVW NB Passing Lane GVW NB Driving Lane

GVW SB Passing Lane GVW SB Driving Lane Total GVW Kips

Sep 2014 409605 43957 49305 439912 942779

Oct 2014 367886 39595 45775 429737 882993

Nov 2014 466492 50815 56279 497803 1071389

Dec 2014 452876 47655 51299 416887 968717

Jan 2015 570054 68761 71286 500067 1210168

Feb 2015 682622 91425 103445 619899 1497391

Mar 2015 759865 110365 135367 699792 1705389

Apr 2015 756330 109433 140069 700766 1706598

May 2015 688409 130792 143906 731816 1694923

Jun 2015 686562 125855 148091 818072 1778579

Jul 2015 452661 56277 59544 467839 1036322

Aug 2015 278844 30721 31439 290749 631753

TOTAL 6572206 905651 1035804 6613341 15127001

AVERAGE 547684 75471 86317 551112 1260583

Overweight Vehicles

Month Total Number of Overweight Vehicles

Overweight / Total Volume

Overweight / Heavy Commercial Volume

Number Over 88,000 lbs

Number Over 98,000 lbs

Sep 2014 2148 0.8 13 260 72

Oct 2014 2567 1 13.4 498 113

Nov 2014 1098 0.7 10.4 257 89

Dec 2014 719 0.7 10.7 277 98

Jan 2015 1174 0.8 11.8 497 211

Feb 2015 1279 0.9 13.9 608 304

Mar 2015 1474 0.9 13.6 470 195

Apr 2015 1127 0.7 12.2 77 27

May 2015 1306 0.7 12 150 47

Jun 2015 2004 0.9 14.1 386 171

Jul 2015 2246 0.8 15.3 518 159

Aug 2015 2078 0.8 14.1 363 127

TOTAL 19220 -- -- 4361 1613

AVERAGE 1601.7 0.8 12.9 363.4 134.4

Freight Month NB Freight Tons SB Freight Tons Total Freight NB Freight % SB Freight %

Sep 2014 53297 59761 113057 47.1 52.9

Oct 2014 55766 91124 146890 38 62

Nov 2014 30567 42706 73274 41.7 58.3

Dec 2014 17495 28870 46365 37.7 62.3

Jan 2015 22928 47314 70242 32.6 67.4

Feb 2015 17414 47560 64973 26.8 73.2

Mar 2015 30895 50375 81270 38 62

Apr 2015 28471 35555 64026 44.5 55.5

May 2015 37947 36852 74798 50.7 49.3

Jun 2015 55405 48106 103511 53.5 46.5

Jul 2015 56364 51701 108065 52.2 47.8

Aug 2015 55867 48969 104836 53.3 46.7

TOTAL 462415 588892 1051307 -- --

AVERAGE 38534.6 49074.3 87608.9 43 57