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Regulated Platforms within the media

• “In the United Kingdom, the print media is essentially self-regulating. There is no statutory Press Council, no statutory complaints body and no requirement that journalists be registered or belong to any particular association. There is, however, a body established by newspaper bodies themselves, the Press Complaints Commission.”

• When looking at the platform Print within the media, we see that many institutions have there own personal liability to what they process into there news feeds, news papers, or posters.

“South Africa does not have a national press/media law. The Imprint Act (no 43 of 1993) requires only that the name and address of the printer appear on any printed matter intended for public sale or distribution. Thus, media and journalists are not subject to special regulations but, as any other citizen, have to comply with general laws.”

The Print media

• “Unlike the press, broadcasting regulation in the UK is based on statute and is relatively complex. Private television and radio are regulated, respectively, by the Independent Television Commission (ITC) and the Radio Authority (RA), both provided for in the Broadcasting Act 1990.6 These bodies have broad licensing powers and the governing statute requires them to establish certain codes to which licensees must conform. They also have broad powers to sanction broadcasters who breach license conditions, including through suspension or revocation of licenses. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), a public service broadcaster, is not subject to ITC licensing, and has instead established an internal system for processing complaints. All broadcasters – public and private, radio and television – are subject to the jurisdiction of the Broadcasting Standards Commission (BSC).”n

When looking at the platform Broadcast, the media has to take more actions because this platform is a world wide organisation. Therefore, institutions such as the BBC and ITV have to regulate there programs so that they are suitable for there audience. Institutions do this through times of the day.

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“Broadcasters have the option of either adhering to a code developed by the regulator (the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa) and adjudicated by the Complaints and Compliance Committee (CCC) of ICASA, or of abiding by their own code administered by the Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa (BCCSA).”

• like the press, broadcasting regulation in the UK is based on statute and is relatively complex. Private television and radio are regulated, respectively, by the Independent Television Commission (ITC) and the Radio Authority (RA), both provided for in the Broadcasting Act 1990.6 These bodies have broad licensing powers and the governing statute requires them to establish certain codes to which licensees must conform. They also have broad powers to sanction broadcasters who breach license conditions, including through suspension or revocation of licenses. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), a public service broadcaster, is not subject to ITC licensing, and has instead established an internal system for processing complaints. All broadcasters – public and private, radio and television – are subject to the jurisdiction of the Broadcasting Standards Commission (BSC).

The broadcast media

• “Under the Communications Act 2003 (‘the 2003 Act’), Ofcom has the general duty to promote the optimal use of the spectrum. The Wireless Telegraphy Act 1998 (‘WT Act’) facilitated the use of market mechanisms in spectrum management for the first time in the UK. For non-auctioned spectrum, the WT Act enabled ‘Administered Incentive Pricing’ (AIP), whereby prices for annual licence fees are set above administrative cost to reflect a range of spectrum management objectives. These WT Act license fees, set through AIP must be prescribed in regulations in the form of a statutory instrument”

• Ofcom focuses mainly on the controversial institutions so that they aren't exploiting any offensive or inappropriate adverts or programs that may be offensive to certain people, cultures or religions.

OFCOM

Invasion Of Privacy

Invasion of privacy is a violation of a public figure's right to be left alone by the media.

Different Types of Invasion of Privacy

Identity Theft • PE

When Candida L. Gutierrez's identity was stolen, the thief didn't limit herself to opening fraudulent credit and bank accounts. She assumed Gutierrez's persona completely, using it to get a job, a driver's license, a mortgage and even medical care for the birth of two children.

• Yes it should be regulated as Invasion Of peoples privacy has become more of an issue. • Facebook the famous social networking site has tightened up its privacy controls sufficiently to

satisfy a review by the body that regulates the social networking company outside North America, removing the immediate threat of legal challenges.

• The regulator said the outstanding areas of concern included minimizing the potential for advertising to target users based on words that could be considered as sensitive personal data, but both it and Facebook said they were confident that these issues would be dealt with speedily.

• Anyone can access information through social networking site.

Social networking sites

How would you feel if your pictures, acquaintance circles and comments were used to judge you in a job interview?

In the US employers are requesting Facebook login information from prospective and current employees - a practice that has caused a backlash among privacy advocates. Political figures and rights groups are adamant that a person's digital footprint should be protected. But others believe the practice raises the possibility of employee discrimination and issues surrounding online security. "Not only is this an undeniable invasion of privacy, but by attempting to find out every personal detail.” - Bimal Parmar, marketing VP.

Cookies • When you visit a site that uses cookies for the first time, a cookie is

downloaded onto your PC. • The site then ’knows’ that you have been there before, and in some

cases, tailors what pops up on screen to take account of that fact. • This basically means that your information has been stored.

Negative effects of lack of regulation.

Points• Chat rooms – Children go on there and are targeted by sexual

predators. These predators even pretend to be young as well and persuade the children to meet up with them. Or they just take advantage of them

• Websites to watch 18 rated films. Even though there is a certificate on the films, anyone can be exposed to them and even films that have been banned can be viewed even though they were banned for the reason of its extremes.

• Can search anything and children can accidently go onto a website that they didn’t mean to and get exposed to sexualised things.

• Websites that show racist, extremist, sexualised and pornographic views can be viewed by anyone.

• Exposed to bad language – influenced easily. • Social networking – grooming, pictures are exposed to anyone. • Online bullying

Examples• A man in his early thirties was chatting about sex with a 13-year-

old South Florida girl and planned to meet her after middle-school classes the next day.

• Last month the maker of a smartphone app called Skout, designed for flirtation with strangers in the same area, admitted its use had led to sexual assaults on three teenagers by adults. The venture-backed firm had not verified that users of its now-shuttered teen section were under 20, giving predators easy access.

• Also in June, a teen-oriented virtual world called Habbo Hotel, which boasts hundreds of millions of registered users, temporarily blocked all chatting after UK television reported that two sex predators had found victims on the site and that a journalist posing as an 11-year-old girl was bombarded with explicit remarks and requests that she disrobe on webcam.

• Timothy Fullard posed as a man called Dom and contacted a girl, 12, at her home using an internet messaging system, Northampton Crown Court heard. The police traced Fullard after the girl's mother became worried about her computer use. He admitted inciting the girl to engage in sexual activity. Fullard was also put on the sex offenders register for 10 years.

• A woman, who is now 17, explains how she was groomed online by a man when she was 12/13-years-old. The man, who is now in prison, won her trust through a social networking site.

• For 13-year-old Missouri girl Megan Meier, the bullying she received through MySpace, which she believed was coming from a boy in the neighbourhood, appears to have driven her to take her own life. In fact, while Megan thought she was being abused by 16-year-old Josh Evans, she was actually talking to Lori Drew, the 49-year-old mother of one of her former friends who, it is alleged, had set up a fake profile to taunt Megan.Ms Drew is now standing trial on computer fraud charges.