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Wired Vs Wireless. Broadband Technology options. 1-3rd Feb 2007 New Delhi. By: Deepa Tyagi DDG (M),TEC DOT. 1. TWO MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS OF TODAY: MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS INTERNET Interestingly, mobile subscribers are increasingly demanding - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TWO MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS OF TODAY:
• MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
• INTERNET
Interestingly, mobile subscribers are increasingly demandingInternet access while on the move and at increasingly high speeds; thereby resulting in the Convergence of the above two technological trends leading to the birth of “Broadband” (application) and 3G/4G Technologies (enablers)
Paradigm shift - Internet goes Mobile ….Continued
Contd…
Statistics at a glance:
(i) Global Mobile Subscriber growth has been phenomenal from zero levels in 1992 to cross the landline’s billion by 2002 and the climb to 2.6 billion by Dec. 2006,
(ii) The global mobile phone market is set to grow to 4 - 4.5 billion by 2011 fuelled by strong demand from developing economies in Asia and Latin America.
(iii) Almost 1 billion handsets sold per year.
(iv) 1 billion internet users by Dec. 06.
(v) 275 billion broadband connections.
(vi) Around 2010, data traffic likely to exceed voice traffic.
All the above point to a remarkable development that is changing the world and the way be communicate!
INDIAN SCENARIO
Fixed subscribers - 40 million Mobile - 140 million
Gross - 180 million Tele density - Around 18% Rural Tele density - < 3%
Broadband subscribers - 2 Million Internet Users - 50Million PCs - 5 Million
Target by 2007 - 250 Million subscribers. - 10 Million broadband connections Target by 2010 - 500 Million subscribers. - 20 Million broadband connections
2007 has been declared as the year of Broadband.
Low Internet usage
Low PC penetration
Lack of local content
Tariffs ( for access and services)
Security of Information
Internet & Broad-band Services in India (Issues)
WHAT IS BROADBAND?
• No universal definition of Broadband
• Simply put, it refers to internet access at speeds faster than 56 Kbps dial up.
• ITU REC. I -113 defines it as transmission capacity faster than Primary Rate ISDN (at 2 Mbps).
• DOT Broadband policy 2004 defines “Broadband Connectivity” as “an always-on data connection that is able to support various interactive services and has the capacity of a minimum download speed of 256 Kbps.
BENEFITS OF BROADBAND CONNECTIVITY
• It is Fast
• It is Always-on
• It is charged on a flat rate
The real gift of broadband is the greater scope it provides for developing applications and services whether by enhancing existing ones, or enabling new ones.
Broadband Services
These refer to the new generation of high speed information services which allow users to access internet related services (supported by traditional dial-up services) at significantly higher speeds. In addition, new services are being developed such as viewing good quality live video or downloading large MP3 files. Some of these services are:
• Video-on-demand• Interactive games• Video conferencing • Tele-education• Tele-medicine• Music/movie downloads• On line shopping & browsing• E Governance
BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
Wireless Systems- MMDS/LMDS (For point to multipoint two way broadband services)
- Satellite (VSAT, DTH terminals)
- Free Space Optics (also called optical wireless, it enables optical transmission of data/voice/video through open space (without fiber) within LOS ranges)
- Wi-Fi/Wi-Max - 3G Technologies such as WCDMA, CDMA 2000
Wireline Systems - ISDN - DSL - Cable TV Modem - Power lines
WIRELINE Vs WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Each of the Wireline and Wireless technologies has its own pros and cons and no single technology would be found to be suited for all networks and countries.
• While Wireline technologies such as DSL and Cable may be better options for the existing operators (since these utilize the existing legacy infra-structure), the wireless technologies may be the chosen broadband access options for the new operators without easy access to phone or cable infra- structure, to span the last mile, since it is cheap as well as quick-to-deploy.
MAIN CHALLENGES FOR WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Spectrum constraints
• To guarantee Quality of Service
• To ensure Over-the-Air Security
• To make the interfaces open to ensure inter-operability in a multi-vendor environment.
EVOLUTION OF MOBILE SYSTEMS
• Pre Cellular – e.g. IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone System) – Analog FM System used in mid 1960s.
• 1G - e.g. AMPS, TACS, ETACS, NMT – Partially digital, used from early 1980s in 800 MHz-900 MHz bands.
• 2G – e.g. IS 95, GSM – Fully digital, used from early 1990s, in bands 800, 900, 1700, 1800 and 1900 MHz, Voice Centric with limited data capabilities and SMS.
• 3G – e.g. CDMA 2000, WCDMA – Supporting voice plus high speed packet data services.
• 4G - ?
PARADIGM SHIFT
In 1G - emphasis was on technology, in particular on the evolution of network infra-structure to address the New World of
mobility.
In 2G - manufacturers were striving to meet consumer demand for ever smaller phones with longer battery life and advanced features.
In 3G - focus will now be on content and multimedia applications. Voice telephony will be complemented by services beyond voice.
IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces
IMT-2000CDMA
Direct Spread
IMT-2000CDMA
Multi-Carrier
IMT-2000CDMATDD
IMT-2000TDMA
Single Carrier
IMT-2000FDMA/TDMA
UMTS cdma20001X and 3X
UTRA TDD& TD-SCDMA)
UWC-136/EDGE
DECT
Key IMT2000 Requirements: High Speed Packet Data
144k - Vehicular 384 - Pedestrian 2Mb - Indoor
Global RoamingUIM - Based on SIM
3G Partnership Projects• Two partnership projects have been established to
accelerate all aspects of 3G standardization
• Main thrust of each project is to find commonality for their respective standards across regions
• Global harmonization could enable:–lower overall costs
–faster product cycles
–faster operator implementation of 3G services
3rd GenerationPartnership Project
3rd GenerationPartnership Project
TTCTTC
3GPP for evolved GSM & UTRA TTCTTC
3GPP2 for evolved ANSI-41 & cdma2000
GSM GPRS EDGE
PDC
CdmaOne
TDMA IS-136
TDMA/GPRS
TDMA/EDGE
Cdma 2000WCDMA
IMT-2000CAPABLE SYSTEMS
2000 EVOLVED 2G
64-115 Kbps
TODAY 2G 19.2 Kbps
3G
115-384 Kbps 0.384-2 Mbps16
Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution and Convergence
Wireless technologies evolving to OFDMA Integration Wireless technologies evolving to OFDMA Integration drives adoptiondrives adoption
CDMA 20001x EV-DO
EV-DO Rev A
EV-DO Rev B, C
3G Technology Evolution
802.16eOFDMA
802.16eMIMO-OFDMA
Broadband Wireless Technology Evolution
Wi-FiOFDM
Source: Rysavvy Research
GSMWCDMA
HSDPA HSUPALTE
3G Technology Evolution
2005 2006 2007-2009
4G(IMT-Advanced)
likely OFDMAbased
2010+
3G Technology Evolution
4G
As the first implementations of 3G are beginning to roll out, the shortcomings of 3G networks are already being discussed and the scientists/researchers have begun to talk of 4G which, at this initial stages, implies “improvement and the fixing of lingering 3G problems, apart from increasing data speeds beyond 2 Mbps”. The limitations and difficulties of 3G include:• Multiple radio technologies• Multiple frequency spectrum• User Information rates limited to 2 Mbps
Due to multiple frequency spectrum and radio technologies, world-wide roaming is still not possible and multiband and multimode terminals would be extremely costly.
4G Vision
There will not be a single network branded as 4G in the same way that there is 2G GSM or 3G UTRAN. Instead, 4G will be a collection of networks and a wide variety of smart devices communicating with each other.
The 4G technology will provide for a collection of different kinds of multiple access networks in which a user can gain access to a portal on the Internet (or whatever the entity) by the most appropriate means.
The user will not have to know which network provides the service. The smart device can analyze its environment and choose the best available service provider and technology (service discovery).
Contd….
Contd…..
Both the network entities and the smart devices will be able to configure themselves so that they can adapt to new requirements.
The emergence of fourth generation of mobile services will allowUsers to connect to different networks depending on their location.For example, a handset could connect a wireless local area network(WLAN) when inside a building, switch to a 3G mast when outside,And connect to a standard network in areas with no 3G coverage.
4G is supposed to be an all IP Network with higher bit rates, enhanced Multimedia services, smooth streaming videos, worldwideAccess/roaming capability, Intelligent software as driven technique.OFDM-UWB (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing-Ultra Wide Band) as representative standard, FDMA, TDMA, CDMA as Multi access techniques, low cost and tight security network.
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Separate Service Networks
Separate Access, Transport & Switching Networks
Dat
aN
etw
ork
s D
ata
Net
wo
rks
PL
MN
PL
MN
PS
TN
/ISD
NP
ST
N/IS
DN
Services
Existing Scenario
NGN Scenario
Access
Transport
Services Managed IP/MPLS
Independence of services from underlying transport technologies
Principles of Fixed Mobile Convergence
HSS- Home Subscriber Server APP- Application (server) RAN- Radio Access Network
IMS based FMC solution
PSTN
Fixed-Line Network
1G
FDMA
2G
TDMA/CDMA IS-95
FMCPSTN(TDM) Softswitch
3G
WCDMACDMA2000
4GIMS
Figure1: Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)
Mobile Network
Key takeaways
- Mobile has become the dominant means for accessing
communications particularly in developing countries.(The “1 billion” figure of global mobile subscriber base was reached (in 2002)-some 23 years after NTT DoCoMo launched the first Cellular System in 1979, whereas the next 500 million mark was reached (in 2004) –just after 2 years and the “2 billion” figure was reached in 2005).
-Mobile networks are fast moving towards “All IP” networks.
-There is a shift in the wireless business model from a technology and device driven world to a service-and experience-centred world.-The debate of wired Vs wireless will end in the NGN era through Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC).
- FMC will combine the convenience, freedom of movement and personaised services of the wireless world with the high quality and speed of fixed communication.
SOME IMPORTANT STANDARDIZATION BODIES
1. 3GPP (http://www.3gpp.org) 2. 3GPP2 (http://www.3gpp2.org) 3. UWCC (http://www.uwcc.org) 4. ETSI (http://wwwetsi.org) 5. ITU (http://www.itu.int) 6. MWIF (http://www.mwif.org) 7. 3G.IP (http://www.3gip.org) 8. IETF (http://www.ietf.org) 9. UMTS Forum (http://www.umts-forum.org)10. WAP Forum (http://www.wapforum.org) 11. SDR (http://www.sdrforum.org) 12. BLUETOOTH Forum (http://www.bluetoothforum.org)13. 4G BRAIN PROJECT (http://www.ist-brain.org)14. Wireless Communications Association (WCA)15. Broadband Wireless Association (BWA)16. Metro Ethernet Forum17. International Packet Communications Consortium (IPCC)
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For further details, You may contact Deepa Tyagi at E-mail address: [email protected]. :91-11-2 3329333Fax :91-11-2 3730045