Women Entrepreneurs 1

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ENTREPRENEURSHIP:

CATA LY ST FOR ECONOMICACTIVIT Y

Entrepreneurship and the informal sector

- If the customer does not buy, the entrepreneur doesnot live Relationship between entrepreneurship and

economy- Multi-faceted and complex

Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs)

Van Schaik Publishers


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ENTREPRENEURS AT VARIOUS

L EVE L S OF ENTREPRENEURIA L SOPHISTICATION

Basic survivalist: no economic independence P re-entrepreneur: collectivism

Subsistence entrepreneur: self-employed

Micro-entrepreneur: zero to nine employees

Small-scale entrepreneur:

ten to 49 employeesVan Schaik Publishers


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B ACKGROUND AND

CHARACTERISTICS OFENTREPRENEURS

B ackground C hildhood family environment Education A ge W ork experience



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B ACKGROUND AND

CHARACTERISTICS OFENTREPRENEURS

C haracteristics

- P assion- Locus of control- Need for independence- Need for achievement

- R isk taking and uncertainty- C reativity and innovation- Determination and persistence



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RO L E MODE L S AND

SUPPORT S Y STEMS

Business W omens A ssociation

Entrepreneurial networking Social networks P ersonal networks

Extended networks Other



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PUSH AND PU LL FACTORS OF

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

P ush factors(necessity)

U

nemployment Job insecurity Disagreement with

management

Does not fit into theorganisation No other alternatives

P ull factors(opportunity)

Independence A chievement R ecognition P ersonal development

P ersonal wealth



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CHA LL ENGES FACING

ENTREPRENEURS AND

SMMES IN SOUTH AFRICA

Access to start-up and expansionfinance

Access to markets

Access to appropriate technology Access to resources



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W OMEN AND EMERGING

ENTREPRENEURS

A successful women entrepreneur is one who has been inbusiness for longer than two years, operated anenterprise with more than five employees and less than

30, made a profit and expanded in terms of infrastructureand growth.

Types of women entrepreneurs Traditional women business owners Innovative women business owners Domestic women business owners R adical women business owners



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B ARRIERS FACING

W OMEN ENTREPRENEURS

Access to financial resources

Lack of supportNegative prevailing socio-cultural attitudeSex discrimination or gender-bias

Limited research done P ersonal difficulties



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EMERGING

ENTREPRENEURS Characteristics of informal and survivalistenvironment

Mostly from rural areas No running water and electricity The level of formal education is very low Economic activities are very low

Demographically, it is the most impoverishedenvironment

Live in shacks and mud houses



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ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND

OTHER UPCOMING

INDUSTRIESTechnology entrepreneurs(Technopreneurs)

Social entrepreneursTourism entrepreneurs Opportunities: accommodation sector of industry,

transport industry and man-made attractions

Minority entrepreneurship A s a subject in schools Examples: U niversity of P retoria

and U niversity of C ape Town Van Schaik Publishers


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ENTREPRENEURS VS

INVENTORS

Role of entrepreneurs and inventorsOngoing relationship and processInventor definition: Someone who hasdeveloped an innovation and who has decidedto make a career out of presenting thatinnovation to the marketEntrepreneur takes over from inventor Inventors highly creative but relativelyfew management skills



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CONC L USION

Entrepreneurship: key driver of economic growth and development inSouth A frica

Create environments where business willthriveEffective internal people management

Chinese saying: Success depends on

good timing, a proper environment andpeople in harmony.


Documents

Women Entrepreneurs 1