Work Posture 2016 - labdske-uii.comlabdske-uii.com/halo/downloadfile/modul/1._Postur_Kerja_IP_Fix.pdf · Work Posture 2016 Work Posture A. INTRODUCTION In industry, human role as

Work System Design & Ergonomic Laboratory| 1

Work Posture 2016


Work Posture 2016

Work Posture

A. INTRODUCTION

In industry, human role as the source of power is dominant in the production process,

especially in manual activity (such as manual material handling). This kind of human

activity can cause ergonomic problem that is happen in work place, especially related with

human power and endurance in doing their job or biomechanics that is called

Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) in labor that doing the same movement repetition.

Symptom in MSD that is oftenhappening in industry labor that is back pain, neck pain,

pain in wrist, elbow and foot. Four factors can increase MSD that is unnatural posture,

exceeded power, repetition, and duration of working time. Therefore, we need some effort

to prevent and minimize MSD in working environment. This effort can be achieved by

doing working posture analysis. The result of working posture analysis can become

consideration in correction recommendation.

Practicum Objectives

a. Capable of doing working measurement and understand working posture.

b. Knowing quantity of working load while doing certain job.

c. Capable of implementing the method using NBM questionnaire, REBA, and RULA to

decrease working risk.

d. Capable of giving recomendation based on analysis result.


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B. INPUT AND OUTPUT

Input :

1. Operator’sdata

2. Nordic Body Map Questionnaire

3. Video of manual material handling process

4. Video screencapture

Output :

1. Result of Nordic Body Map Questionnaire

2. REBA/RULAScore/QEC

3. Load and working posture analysis

4. Improvement of working system plan

5. Working posture recommendation

C. REFERENSI

Chaffin, D.B. et al., 1991. Occupational Biomechanics, Wiley New York.

Corlett, E.N., (1992), Static Muscle Loading and the Evaluation of Posture. Edited by

Wilson. J.R. & Corlett, E.N. 1992. Evaluation of Human Work a Practical

Ergonomics Methodology. London :Tailor & Francis.

Hignett, S., &McAtamney, L. (2000).Rapid Entire Body Assessment(REBA).Applied

Ergonomics, 31(2), 201–206.

Kroemer, K.H.E, H.B. Kroemer, dan K.E. Kroemer-Elbert. 2001. Ergonomics How To

Design For Ease And Efficiency. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

McAtamney, L., Corlett, EN., 1993, RULA : Survey Method for The Investigation

of Work Related Upper Limb Disorder, Applied Ergonomi. Journal of Human

Ergonomics. 24(2), 91-99.

Nurmianto, E., 1996. Ergonomi: Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasinya Tinjauan Anatomi,

Fisiologi, Antropometri, Psikologi, dan Komputasi untuk Perancangan, Kerja dan

Produk, Jakarta: PT Guna Widya.


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Sukania, I. W., Widodo, L., & Natalia, D. (2003). Identifikasi Keluhan Biomekanik dan

Kebutuhan Operator Proses Packing. Jurnal Energi dan Manufaktur Vol.6, No.1,,

19-24.

Sutalaksana, I.Z., Anggawisastra, R. & Tjakraatmadja, J.H., 1979. Teknik Tata Cara Kerja.

ITB, Bandung.

Tayyari, F. & Smith, J.L., 1997. Occupational ergonomics: Principles and applications,

Chapman & Hall.

Waters, T., 1994. Applications manual for the revised NIOSH lifting equation, DHHS

(NIOSH) Publication No. 94-110, 32.

Winter, D.A., 1979. Biomechanics of human movement, Wiley New York.

D. LANDASAN TEORI

1. Nordic Body Map

Sceletal muscle complaints related to the size of the human body is caused by the

absence of equilibrium structure in order to receive a load, both weight of the body as well

as other additional loads. For example the body that are prone to high compressive loads

and bending, and therefore have a higher risk of the occurrence of skeletal muscle

complaints.

Through a subjective approach, skeletal muscle complaints can be measured and

analyzed properly. The use of subjective value have included some of the phenomena that

occur in the psychological, biomechanical and measurement techniques, as well as being

the easiest way to assess and is interpreted (Kroemer, 2001).

Nordic Body Map is a subjective measurement tools like questionnaire used to

determine the parts of muscle experiencing symptoms ranging from discomfort (mildly ill)

to very sick (Corlett, 1992). This questionnaire (Table 1.1 and 1.2) using the image of the

human body which is divided into 9 main body part that is the neck, shoulders, upper back,

elbows, wrist, lower back, hips, knees and ankles. From 9 body parts are then broken down

into 28 parts of the body such as in Figure 1.1.


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Figure 1.1 Details of Body Parts Nordic Body Map (Source: Kroemer, 2011)

Table 1.1 Level of Employees Pain

Keterangan

A No Pain Tidak terasa sakit

B Moderately Pain Cukup Sakit

C Painful Menyakitkan

D Very Painful Sangat Menyakitkan

Table1.2 Nordic Body MapQuestionnaire

No Location Level of Complaints

A B C D

0 Upper neck/Atas leher

1 Lower neck/Bawah leher

2 Left shoulder/Kiri bahu

3 Right shoulder/Kanan bahu

4 Left upper arm/Kiri atas lengan

5 Back /Punggung

6 Right upper arm/Kanan atas lengan


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7 Waist/Pinggang

8 Buttock/Pantat

9 Bottom/Bagian bawah pantat

10 Left elbow/Kiri siku

11 Right elbow/Kanan siku

No Location Level of Complaints

A B C D

12 Left lower arm/Kiri lengan bawah

13 Right lower arm /Kanan lengan bawah

14 Left wrist/ Pergelangan tangan Kiri

15 Right wrist/ Pergelangan tangan Kanan

16 Left hand/ Tangan Kiri

17 Right hand/ Tangan Kanan

18 Left thigh/ Paha Kiri

19 Right thigh/ Paha Kanan

20 Left knee/ Lutut Kiri

21 Right knee/ Lutut Kanan

22 Left calf/ Betis Kiri

23 Right calf/ Betis Kanan

24 Left ankle/ Pergelangan kaki Kiri

25 Right ankle/ Pergelangan kaki Kanan

26 Left foot/kaki kiri

27 Right foot/kaki kanan

Data processing using nordic body map questionnaire can be processed by many ways.

But in this lab is restricted by various regulations and measures as follows (Sukania,

Widodo, and Natalia, 2003):

a. Fillout a questionnaire of NBM with some respondents that the same type of work.

b. Make a percentage of each indicator.

c. Analyzing the percentage who have high levels of complaints by workers


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2. Work Posture

The movement of the organs of the body while working determines good working

posture. The movement is done at work include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,

pronation, and supination as shown in the figure below.

Figure 1.2 Kinds of Motion Body

.

working posture for workers, working posture standing, sitting and other work posture. In

some types of work is working posture unnatural and takes place in the long term. This

will lead to pains in the body, or often called CTDs (Cumulative Trauma Disorders).

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (may be referred as Repetitive Motion injuries or

Musculoskeletal Disorders) is an injury to the skeletal system muscles that grew gradually

as a result of minor trauma are constantly. It caused by worst design that the design of the

tool / work systems that require body movements in position abnormal and the use of tools

/ handtools or other device that is too often (Tayyari & Smith, 1997).

There are four factors that most often the causes of CTDs are:

a. The usage of excessive force during normal movement.

b. Unnormal position movement of stiff joints. For example, the shoulders that is too

elevated, back bending, and so on.

c. Repetition the same movement.

d. Lack of adequate rest to heal the trauma of the joint.

Ergonomic considerations relating to the worki ng posture can help get a comfortable


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A. Work Posture Method

Work attitude (posture) plays an important

role in the world of work, especially in manual

material handling (MMH). By having the correct

working posture, the worker / operator would need

a little break, faster, and more efficient in work,

work postures otherwise false and in the long term

will lead to a wide range of health problems that

can be fatal. In working posture analysis, there are several methods used in analyzing

scores of positioning posture. Existing methods for analyzing posture can be seen in the

following figure.

Mased on methods exist in the measurement work postures, only two method that will

be used in the practicum.

1. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)

In 1995, McAtamney and Hignett introduce Rapid method Entery Body Assessment

(REBA). The method can be used to quickly assess the posture of a workerand this method

Figure 1.3 Methods Posture Analysis

Metode Analisa Postur Kerja

REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment)

RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment)

OWAS (Owako Work Posture Analysis)

PEI (Posture Evaluation Index)

QEC ( Quick Exposure Check)

PLIBEL


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is also influenced by coupling, external load supported by the body and the activity of

workers (Hignett & McAtamney, 2000). The input method REBA namely:

1. Collecting data using the camcorder posture workers

2. Determination of the angle of the torso, neck, legs, upper arms, forearms and wrists.

Process of REBA method shown as Figure 1.4 as follows:

Figure 1.4 REBAScoring

REBA output contained in Table 1.3 is a grouping of the action levels should be based

on the results of the total value in the assessment of REBA, as shown in the following

table:

Table 1.3 Action Level REBA Method

Action Level REBA Score Risk Level Corrective Action

0 1 Can be ignored Not necessary

1 2 – 3 Low Maybe necessary

2 4 – 7 Moderate Necessary

3 8 – 10 High Need fast

4 11 – 15 Very High Need immediately

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a. Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) Steps

1. Retrieving data posture workers use the help of video or photos.

To get an idea of the attitude (posture) workers and neck, back, arm, wrist to toe in

detail is done by recording or photographing posture workers. Itis done so that researchers

get the data posture in detail (valid), resulting from the recording and the images can be

obtained accurate data for the calculation stage and subsequent analysis.

2. Determination the angle of the worker's body parts

Having obtained the recordings and photographs posture of workers carried out the

calculations of the angles of each body segment as seen in Figure 1.5 that includes the

back (torso), neck, upper arms, forearms, wrists, and feet. In the REBA method segment -

a segment of the body is divided into two groups, namely group A and B. Group A includes

the back (torso), neck, and legs. While Group B includes of the upper arm, forearm and

wrist. From the data on each corner of the body segments - each group can know the score,

then the score is used to view the table A (Table 1.10) for group A and Table B (Table

1.11) for group B in order to obtain a score for each table.

Figure 1.5 A Worker Angle When Working

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a. Back

Scores movement back (torso) and range of movement can be seen in Table 1.4 and

Figure 1.6.

Table 1.4 Score movement back (torso)

Movement Score Score Change


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Upright / natural 1 +1 if rotate or

tilted to the side 00 - 200flexion

00 - 200extension

2

200 - 600 flexion 3

> 200 extension

> 600 flexion 4

Figure 1.6 Range of back movement (a) natural posture, (b) 0 – 20oflexion posture, (c) 20 – 60oflexion

posture, (d) 60oor more flexion posture.

b. Neck

Scores neck movement and range of movement can be seen in Table 1.5 and Figure

1.7.

Table 1.5 Neck movement score


00 - 200flexion 1 +1 if rotate or

tilted to the side >200 flexion or extension 2

Figure 1.7 Neck movement range (a) 20oor more flexion posture, (b) extension posture

c. Legs

Scores legs movement and range of movement can be seen in Table 1.6 and Figure

1.8.


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Table 1.6 Foot position score


Feet propped up, the weight is spread

evenly, walk or sit 1 +1 if knee between 30 0and 600flexion

Legs are not propped up, the weight is

not distributed evenly / posture is not

stable

2 +2 if knee >600 flexion (not when sitting)

Figure 1.8 Range movement of the foot (a) foot propped up, the weight is spread evenly, (b)

leg was not propped up, the weight is not distributed evenly, (c) between 300 and

600flexion knee, and (d) knee> 600 flexion (not when sitting)

d. Upper arm

Scores movement of the upper arm and the range of movement can be seen in Table 1.7 and

Figure 1.9.

Table 1.7 Scores movement of the upper arm


200 extension to 200 flexion 1 +1 if arm position:

- abducted

- rotated

+1 if the shoulder elevated -

1 if lean, arm weights

supported or corresponding

gravity

>200 extension

200 - 450 flexion 2

>450 - 900 flexion 3

> 900 flexion 4


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Figure 1.9 Range movement of the upper arm (a) posture 20oflexion and extension, (b)

20o or more extension posture and posture 20 - 45oflexion, (c) posture 45 - 90oflexion, (d)

posture 90o or more flexion

e. Lower Arm

Scores movement of the lower arm and the range of movement can be seen in Table 1.8 and

Figure 1.10.

Table1.8Forearm movement score

Movement Score

600- 1000 flexion 1

<600 flexion or >1000 flexion 2

Figure 1.10 Range movement of the lower arm (a) posture 60 - 100o flexion, (b) or less flexion

postures 60o and 100o or more flexion


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f. Wrist

Wrist movement scores and range of movement can be seen in Table 1.9 and Figure 1.11.

Table 1.9Wrist movement scores


00- 150flexion / extension 1 +1 if the wrist deviated or

spun >150flexion / extension 2

Figure 1.11 Range wrist movements (a) natural posture, (b) posture 0 - 15oflexion and extension,

(c) 15 degrees or more flexion postures, (d) posture 15o or more extensions


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obtain a score of table C as in Table 1.12.

3. Determination of the weight of the object is lifted, coupling, and the activity of workers

In addition to scoring on each body segment, another factor to be included is the weight

lifted (Table 1:13), coupling (Table 1:14 and Figure 1.12), and the activity of workers

(Table 1.15). Each of these factors also have a score category.

Table 1.13 Scores heavy burden is lifted

0 1 2 +1


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< 5Kg 5 - 10

Kg > 10 Kg

Addition of the

load suddenly or

quckly

Table 1.14 Coupling Table

0

Good

1

Fair

2

Poor

3 Unacceptable

Handrail fitting and

right in the middle,

strong grip.

Grip acceptable but

not ideal or

coupling is suitable

for use by other

parts of the body.

Grip can not be

accepted even if

possible.

Forced, grip unsafe,

without handles.

Coupling is not

suitable for use by

other parts of the

body.


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Table 1.15 Activity Score

+1 - 1 or more parts of the body status, detained for more than

1 minute.

+1 - repetition of movements within a short time span,repeated

more than 4 times per minute (excluding walking)

+1 - Movement causes changes or shifts in posture that is faster

than the initial posture

4. REBA posture value calculation

Having obtained a score of table A then summed with the score for the heavy load is

lifted so that the obtained value portion A. While scores of tables and summed with a score

of table coupling to obtain value from the value part B. Part A and Part B can be used to

find the value section C of C existing table.

REBA value obtained from the sum of the value of part C with the value of labor

activity. Of the REBA value can be found in musculoskeletal risk level and the actions that

need to be done to reduce risk as well as the repair work. For more details, plot ways of

working by using REBA method as well as the level of risk that occurred can be seen in

Figure 1.12 and Table 1.16.

G R O U P A

T r u n k

N e c k

L e g s

G R O U P B

S C O R E A

S C O R E C

A c t i v i t y S c o r e

R E B A S c o r e

+ +

L R U p p e r

A r m s

L R L o w e r

A r m s

L R W r i s t s

L o a d / F o r c e

C o u p l i n g

U s e T a b l e C

+

R E B A : S C O R I N G

D a t e : T a s k : A n a l y s t s :

Figure 1.13 Calculation steps for REBA method ( Source: Hignett and McAtamne y)


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Table 1.16 Table Level Risks and Actions

Action Level REBA Score Risk Level Action Needed

0

1

2

3

4

1 Can be ignored Not necessary

2 - 3 Low Maybe necessary

4 - 7 Moderate Necessary

8 - 10 High Need fast

11 - 15 Very high Need immediately

From the table above risks can be determined by REBA value obtained from the

previous calculation result can know the level of risk that occurred and whether or not the

measures taken for improvement. Repair work may be carried out which include the

redesign of work equipment based on the principle - the principle of ergonomics.

2. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

RULA or Rapid Upper Limb Assessment developed by Dr. Lynn McAtamney and Nigel

Corlett that is ergonom of universities in Nottingham (University of Nottingham's Institute

of Occupational Ergonomics). It was first described in the journal form ergonomic

applications in 1993 (Lueder, 1996).

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment is a method developed in the field of ergonomic

investigating and assessing the work done by the position of the upper body. This method

is used to retrieve the value of work posture in a way mangambil sample posture of the work

cycle, which have hazardous risks to the health of the workers, then held assessment /

scoring. Having obtained the results of the assessment, we can know the posture of the

worker in accordance with the principles of ergonomics or not, if not then necessary

remedial measures. This method uses diagrams of body postures and three assessment tables

(tables A, B, and C) are provided for evaluating the hazardous working posture in the work

cycle. Through this method will get the maximum limit value and the various postures of

workers, the limit values ranging between grades 1-7. a. Objective of RULA:

1. Provides fast protection at work.

2. Identify the necessary business-related muscle posture while working.

3. Provide the results that can be included in the assessment of extensive ergonomics.

4. Documenting posture at work, with the following provisions:


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Body divided into two groups, namely A (arm and forearm and wrist) and B (neck, spine,

and feet).

5. Distance movement of any part of the body is numbered.

6. Scoring is done on sides, right and left.

RULA method was designed for ease without requiring tools are difficult to use. Using the

worksheet RULA, the evaluator will assign a score to each of the following body regions:

the upper arm, forearm, wrist, neck, trunk, and legs. Once the data for each region is

collected and scored, tables on the form then used to construct variable risk factors,

produces a single score that represents the level of risk of MSD as outlined below: Table

1.17 on assessing the level of risk RULA

Score Tingkat Resiko

1-2 Negligible risk, do not need treatment

3-4 Low risk, a change is needed

5-6 Intermediate risk, further treatment, it changes immediately

6+ Very risky, Make changes now

b. Steps and examples using RULA

RULA worksheet as seen in Figure 1.13 is divided into two parts, part A (Arm and wrist)

and B (neck, back, legs). This division is required to ensure that each posture is restricted

from the neck, back and legs that may affect the arm and wrist postures are included in the

assessment of RULA.

Researchers have to give value to the group A (Arm and wrist) first, then the value for

the group B (neck, back and legs) to the left and right. For each part of the body, there is

the scale of values penyesu posture and no provisions as described in the worksheet to be

considered and taken into account in the scoring.


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Figure 1.14 RULA Worksheet

1. Steps 1-4: Arm & Wrist Analysis. Each score should be marked on Table A.

2. Steps 5-8: Calculating Group A Score


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Gambar 1.15 RULA Group A Score

a. Step 5. Using scores from steps 1-4 to determine score from Table A.

b. Step 6. Add muscle use score.

c. Step 7. Add load score.

d. Step 8. Add score from steps 5-7 on Table C

3. Steps 9-11: Neck, trunk, and legs analysis. Sign each score with circle on Table B.


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Gambar 1.16 Neck, Trunk, and Legs Analysis in RULA method

4. Steps 12-15: Calculating Group B Score

Gambar 1.17 RULA Group B Score

e. Langkah 12. Using scores from steps 9-11, determine score from Table B.

f. Langkah 13. Add muscle use score.


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g. Langkah 14. Add load score.

h. Langkah 8. Add scores from steps 12-14.

5. Determine Final Score

3. QEC (Quick Exposure Check)

Quick Exposure Check method (Li, and Buckle, 1999b) focuses on the assessment of risk

factors in the workplace that contribute to increasing WMSDs (Work-Related

Musculoskeletal Disorders), such as repetition motion, pressure, uncomfortable posture,

and work duration. This method combine assessment workload on researchers and also the

operator of the results of the assessment and explanation of the level of risk (score) for the

back, shoulders / arms, wrist / hand and neck associated with a particular job, and show

whether ergonomics intervention proved effective (with the ups and downs score). a. QEC

method objectives:

1. Measure changes in posture against MSD risk factors before and after ergonomic

intervention

2. Involves two sides, there are observer and worker in carrying out risk assessment and

identify possible changes.

3. Improving work place quality.

4. Increasing awareness of MSD risk factors in the workplace to the managers, engineers,

designers, occupational safety and health practitioners, and the workers.

5. Compare the risk among employees at a job or between employees with different jobs.

b. QEC steps:

1. Observer’s Assesment

Observer has its own form of measurement that can be charged through observation

of work in the work place. As a tool, observer can use stopwatch to calculate the

duration and frequency of work. Here is an example of the questionnaire of observer:


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Figure 1.18 QEC Observer Worksheet

After the observer done the observation of the operator and fulfilling questionnaire,

then combine it into recapitulation table to see how work posture of the operator

works in each department that observes by the observer (in this case is a shoe fabric).

Thus the recapitulation from QEC questionnaire for the observer on the table as

follows:

Table 1.18 Recapitulation Data for Observer

Work

Station

Trunk Shoulders/Arm Wrist Neck

1 2 1 2 1 2

Sewing A3 B2 C1 D3 E2 F1 G3

Sol A1 B2 C1 D3 E1 F1 G3

Finishing A2 B2 C1 D3 E1 F1 G3


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2. Worker’s Assesment

The worker’s assessment sheet contains several questions about jobs they do.

The example of the worker’s assessment sheet as seen below:

Figure 1.19 QEC Operator Worksheet

The questionnaire focuses on what operator felt when doing his job, as examples:

load they lifted and duration of work. After several operators filling the

questionnaires, then make all data into a recapitulation data, as follows:

Table 1.19 Recapitulation Data for Operator

Work

Station

Question

H I J K L M N O

Sewing H1 I3 J1 K2 L1 M1 N2 O2


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Sol H1 I3 J2 K2 L1 M1 N2 O2

Finishing H1 I3 J1 K2 L1 M1 N2 O2

3. Exposure Score Calculation

There are two ways to calculate exposure score. There are with manual way (sum

up all scores on the sheet) or with computer software. The answers from the

questionnaires at each work station will be calculated as exposure score on 4 parts

of the operator’s body at each work station being observed. There is an example of

manual way for sewing division as follows:

Figure 1.20 QEC Manual Worksheet and Calculation

4. Action Consideration


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QEC quickly identify the level of exposure of the back, shoulders / arms, wrists

/ hands, and neck. The results of this method also recommend the effective

ergonomics interventions to reduce the level of exposure, as seen on the table below:

Table 1.20 Exposure Level Table

*Exposure Score (E) Action

≤40 % Acceptable

41-50 % Investigate Further

51-70 % Investigate Further and Change Soon

> 70 % Investigate and Change Immediately

*Exposure Level obtained by dividing the total score by the maximum score (in

accordance with established standards, where Xmax for manual handling activity is

XmaxMH = 176, for activities other than that, Xmax = 162). As the formula below:

X = Total scores obtained for the exposure to risk of injury to the back, shoulders /

arms, wrists, and neck obtained from the calculation of the questionnaire. Xmax =

Total maximum score for exposure that may occur to the back, shoulders / arms,

wrists, and neck.

Table 1.21 Exposure Score Level for Each Body Parts

Score Exposure Score

Low Moderate High Very

High

Trunk (static) 8-15 16-22 23-29 29-42

Trunk (dynamic) 10-20 21-30 31-40 41-56

Shoulder / Arm 10-20 21-30 31-40 41-56

Wrist 10-20 21-30 31-40 41-56

Neck 4-6 8-10 12-14 16-18

Known the exposure scores in the sewing divison are 30 on the back (trunk), 30 on

the shoulder / arm, 26 on the wrist, and 18 on the neck. Thus, the total exposure

score is 104. The exposure level calculation is as follows:

E(%) = x 100 %

E(%) = x 100 %


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E (%) = 64, 197 %

Exposure Level: 64,197%

Thus, the work performed by the operator classified into the level that need further

investigation and change soon. From the result of the exposure score calculation,

it can be seen that neck score and trunk score classified as very high level means the

risk is very high and potentially causing CTDs, therefore recommendation is

needed either to work position of the operator or work tools.

4. CTDs Prevention

By doing the above calculations it is expected that workers can minimize the risk of

CTDs impact itself. Prevention of CTDs can be grouped into three categories: engineering

controls, administrative controls and personal protective equipment (PPE) as contained in

Figure 1.17 as follows:

Figure 1.21 CTDs prevention steps (Source : Tayyari, 1997)

CTDs Prevention Steps

Engineering Controls

Job Redesign

Workplace Redesign

Tool Redesign

Automation

Workplace Accessories

Administrative Controls

Penjadwalan Waktu Istirahat

Rotasi kerja

Training

Exercise

Job/career changes

APD


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E. CASE STUDY

a) Nordic Body Map

In company has employees working in the packaging sector. In a sector that there are 30

employees want to analyze which part is the complaint of workers at work, which will be

calculated and analyzed.

From these results, the researchers could get results like the following table:

No Location

Level of Complaints

A B C D

%

%

%

%

0 Upper neck/Atas leher 9 30.0 5 16.7 16 53.3 0 0

1 Lower neck/Bawah leher 7 23.3 5 16.7 18 60.0 0 0

2 Left shoulder/Kiri bahu 15 50.0 6 20.0 9 30.0 0 0

3 Right shoulder/Kanan bahu 13 43.3 13 43.3 4 13.3 0 0

4 Left upper arm/Kiri atas lengan 15 50.0 12 40.0 3 10.0 0 0

5 Back /Punggung 7 23.3 11 36.7 9 30.0 3 10

6 Right upper arm/Kanan atas lengan 6 20.0 4 13.3 20 66.7 0 0

7 Waist/Pinggang 10 33.3 9 30.0 9 30.0 2 6.67

8 Buttock/Pantat 14 46.7 11 36.7 5 16.7 0 0

9 Bottom/Bagian bawah pantat 17 56.7 9 30.0 4 13.3 0 0

10 Left elbow/Kiri siku 19 63.3 7 23.3 3 10.0 1 3.3

11 Right elbow/Kanan siku 16 53.3 12 40.0 1 3.3 1 3.3

12 Left lower arm/Kiri lengan bawah 17 56.7 12 40.0 1 3.3 0 0

13 Right lower arm /Kanan lengan bawah 20 66.7 10 33.3 0 0.0 0 0

14 Left wrist/ Pergelangan tangan Kiri 16 53.3 14 46.7 0 0.0 0 0

15 Right wrist/ Pergelangan tangan Kanan 18 60.0 11 36.7 1 3.3 0 0

In these results, it can be seen that the pains (C) that highest percentage is the upper right arm,

neck and upper neck. Thus, it needed further analysis and recommendation.

b) Posture

Trunk on the work process at 35o bend (forward), and the position of the operator's neck is

34o, with normal foot position / balance. For weight carried is less than 10 kg and need rapid

strength to carry the load. The movement of the upper arm while lifting a box is 20o and the

arm is in a bent position. Forearm in this process allows the 50o movement, as well as a


Work Posture 2016

large angle to the wristis > 15o. In this case the object is lifted in the form of a box so that

there are no handrails found on the side of the box, so it can be said to be poor. This activity

requires a change in the posture of a relatively fast motion. As an expert in ergonomics,

analyze work postures that occur on this operator. Determine the level of action and

solutions.

1

Activit

y Score

8

REBA Score

GROUP

B GROUP

A

Conclusions:

REBA score 8 Action Level 3, the level of risk is very high and the necessary corrective actions

immediately.

F. TUTORIAL

The flowchart of tutoruas was shown as following:

Trunk

Legs

Neck

1

5 2

2

+ +

6 4

7

+

Upper Arms R

Lower arms R

Wrists R

SCORE A

SCORE C

Load / Force Coupling

Use Table C

L

L

L


Work Posture 2016


Work Posture 2016

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