World Civilization Week 4

7/29/2019 World Civilization Week 4

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RenaissanceMedieval or Modern?


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Key Topics The politics, culture, and art of the

Italian Renaissance

The powerful new monarchies ofnorthern Europe

Political struggle and foreign

intervention in Italy Understanding the meaning of the

Renaissance.


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What is the Renaissance?

A collection of ideas?

A revival of the classical world?

A break with the medieval world?

A springboard for modernity?


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Humanism A cultural and intellectual

movement of the Renaissance thatemphasized secular concerns as aresult of the rediscovery and study

of the literature, art, and civilizationof ancient Greece and Rome.


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Medieval Artwork

Abstract and Formulaic


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The Renaissance

Painter

3-Dimensional PaintingsChiaroscuro & Linear Perspective


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Architecture

Middle Ages was steeped in Gothic Style

Architecture.

Most prominent structures were churches.

The Renaissance harked back to Antiquity

for models.

Greek columns and Romanesque Style.


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Cekli-Notredam2010-Feb-14.jpg


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Cath%25C3%25A9drale_Notre-Dame_de_Paris_-_Fa%25C3%25A7ade_Sud.jpg


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Back_of_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/NotreDameFlyingButtress.jpg


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Medieval Literature

The Middle Ages focused on religious

writing. Primarily theology and philosophy.

Popular folk tales saw heroes whoembedded the ideal of Christianity.

King Arthur

Roland

Robin Hood


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Renaissance Literature

The writers emulated the ancient Greeks

and Romans and wrote in the vernacular.

Dante Alighieri, Francesco Petrarch, andGiovanni Boccaccio concentrated on

humanity and mans struggle.

The Birth of Non-fiction as entertainment.


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Benvenuto Cellini

All men of whatsoever quality they be,

who have done anything of excellence, orwhich may properly resemble excellence,

ought, if they are persons of truth and

honesty, to describe their life with their ownhand.


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Renaissance in Italy

The late Middle Ages

was a time of creative

fragmentation.

Three Crises:Religion,Plague, Government.

Italy flourished between

1300-1450 mainly

because of location.

The Italian City-State -

merchants and bankers


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Growth of City-States

Urbane culture was assisted by the constant

war between emperor (Ghibelline) and

Pope (Guelf). This war strengthened the merchant

oligarchies in the cities and by the 15th

century led to despotism.

Unlike Northern Europe ruled by kingdoms,

Italy was made up of independent states.


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A Nation Divided

1377 - The Churchs power starts to

fade.

Avignon Papacy - splits the church

Bishops lose their power to wealthy

families. Merchants and Bankers flourish

among the chaos.


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Mercantilism

The Italian Peninsula became the HUB

for Western Europe.

Merchant Class developed

Birth of the Banking System

Working Class - Manufacturing goodsbecame popular.


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Republic of Florence

Ciompi Revolt - 1378 was a result of the

staggering social divisions.

In 1434, Cosimo deMedici arose to powerfrom behind the scenes.

Signoria - Council that ruled Florence, which

was controlled by wealthy guilds. By 1478, Despotism emerged -> Pazzi Scandal

podest


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The Prince

Cities fought within - families seeking

power. (Medici and the Pazzi)

Despots like Lorenzo de Medici hiredmilitary brokers called condottieri

Political turbulence and warfare gave birth

to positive attributes as well.Diplomacy and Growth

Renaissance culture and Patronage


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Humanism

A cultural and intellectual movement

of the Renaissance that emphasizedsecular concerns as a result of therediscovery and study of the literature,art, and civilization of ancient Greece

and Rome.


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French Nationalism

Charles VII:1422-1461The Well-Servedunified France followingthe Hundred Years War.

Strong National Identityand Army

Jacques Coeurdeveloped an economicsystem


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Louis XI: (1461-1483)

made France a great

power. Mastermind of Dipolmacy

League of the Public Weal

Collapse of the English

Empire and the defeat ofBurgundy in the battle of

Nancy 1477.

Nation-Building


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Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of

Aragon married in 1469. Kicked out the Moors and Christianize

Spain

The Inquisition = National Unity Invested money in Ship Travel

Columbus Voyage 1492

Spanish Unification


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Isabella & Ferdinand


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War of the Roses

1455-1485

Englands first

major Civil War Dynastic instability

following the death

of Edward III.

Politics and Wealth

controlled England.


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Henry VI: House of Lancaster

1422-1461, 1470-71

Son of Henry V

became King ofEngland and France at

9 months old.

Went insane and

killed in the Tower of

London


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Edward IV: House of York

1461-1470, 1470-

1483

Ambitious, cruel,selfish, and extremely

able.

Seized the throne

from Henry based onthe his fathers claim.


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Richard III - York

14831485

Duke of Gloucester

brother to Edward IV. Richard III was

supposed to be the

avuncular protector of

his two youngnephews.


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A horse, a horse, My Kingdom

for a horse!


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Gloriana Angelorum

Henry VII: TudorDynasty

Bosworth Field1485 ends the war.

The Court of Star

Chamber1487


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Holy Roman Empire

Extremely backwards, the system based in

feudal society.

Germany was divided into 300 autonomouspolitical entities.

1356Golden Bull established a seven-

member electoral college. Imperial DietReichstag


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Italys Political Decline

Treaty of Lodi: 1454-1494 brought peace

between Milan and Naples. Together

they joined an alliance with Florence.

Florences chief enemy was Venice and

the Papacy.


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Ludovico il Moro

Comes to power in

Milan 1490 and ends

the Treaty of Lodi.

Naples and Florence

side with the Borgia

family.

Appeals to Francefor aid.


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Charles VIII de France

r. 1483-1498

Conquered Florence

and Papal States. Savonrola1452-

1498 Dominican

Monk who preaches

the coming ofCharles as godsend.


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Pope Alexander VI

r. 1492-1503

Corrupt member of

the Borgia Family. Machiavelli both

admired and

despised this guy.

Allied with French

Louis XII


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Pope Julius II

r. 1503-1513

Patron of Arts,Warrior Pope

Suppressed theBorgias and placedRomagna underpapal jurisdiction.

Holy League againstFrance


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Concordat of Bologna

In 1515, the French once again invaded

Italy under the rule of Francis I.

The Concordat of Bologna 1516 gave theFrench King control over French clergy

in exchange for French recognition of the

popes superiority over church councils.


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Niccolos Smile


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The Modern State

The biggest argument against

Machiavelli resides in his philosophy

If we say The Prince is a political

theory, then we acknowledge hisamorality.


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Machiavellian Smile in mens faces,

smooth, deceive, and cog.

~Richard III

One may smile and smileand still be a villain.

~Hamlet

The robbed that smiles, steals

something from thethief. ~Othello

Where we are, there are

daggers in mens smiles.

~Macbeth


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State of Nature

Machiavelli purports the idea of a

state of nature, but he does not

theorize on the states issues.

Political Activist = Concrete Thinker


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Modern Man

What made Machiavelli truly

unique was his lack of an ideal state.

People are simply EVIL, so stop

trying to be something youre NOT.

By lowering the bar, he liberatesman.


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Burckhardts Renaissance

Writing during the 1860s in

Germany.

Why does Burckhardt think the

Renaissance was the beginning ofModernity?


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Revolt of the Medievalists

Medievalists have pointed out that the

Middle Ages have produced:

Passionate, fully self-aware individualsCoherent theories of state

Great Nationalistic Art

Changes made in the 14th & 15th centuriesnot significant


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Recasting the Renaissance

One cannot deny the changes that occurred

from the 14th to the 15th century, but these

were not dramatic changes.

The culture of the Renaissance can be

described as a boy growing into a man itis a gradual process, not immediate.


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Documents

World Civilization Week 4