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World War II: Allied Powers vs. Axis Powers. Mr. Ermer U.S. History Honors Miami Beach Senior High. War In The Pacific. Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander of U.S. Pacific Fleet Plans to use surviving aircraft carriers against Japan - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Mr. ErmerU.S. History Honors
Miami Beach Senior High
World War II: Allied Powers vs. Axis
Powers
Admiral Chester Nimitz, Commander of U.S. Pacific Fleet Plans to use surviving aircraft carriers against Japan Cannot mobilize fast enough to stop Japan from taking S.E. Asia
Japan attacks U.S. bases in Philippines, land troops laterGen. Douglas MacArthur’s troops hid in Bataan for 3 mos.
Gen. MacArthur evacuated to AustraliaMcArthur’s troops captured by Japanese, marched 65 miles
Philippines falls to JapanDoolittle Raid
To raise morale, FDR orders bombing of TokyoApril: 16 B-25s bomb Tokyo, land in China
Japan changes course Japan no longer worried about cutting off supply linesNew plan is to lure U.S. fleet into battle by attacking
Midway
War In The Pacific
Japanese plan to cut U.S. supply lines to Australia by attacking New Guinea, but U.S. broke the secret code, Battle of Coral SeaAircraft Carriers Lexington & Yorktown attack Japanese
fleetCarriers eventually sunk, but Japanese stopped
Navajo “code talkers” used by U.S. Marine CorpJapanese could not “crack” the Navajo code, orders
stayed secret and were quickly transmittedU.S. Code Breakers learn about attack on Midway
Japanese carriers sail into an ambush1st wave of Japanese planes shot down by AmericansFour Japanese carriers sunk by American bombers
Battle of Midway was a turning point in the war362 dead Americans, 3,057 dead Japanese
Talking In Code
Two part plan to defeat the Japanese:Admiral Nimitz’s Navy island hopping closer to
JapanGen. McArthur to lead army to recapture
PhilippinesAmphtracs used to land Marines on coral atolls
1943-45: Marines take islands 1 by 1, move closer to Japan
B-29 “Superfortress” bomber, fly farther than other planes
MacArthur’s troops begin drive at GuadalcanalCatch up to Navy and take New GuineaNext stop: Philippines (land on 10/20/1944)Japanese launch surprise attack, use kamikaze
pilotsEarly Japanese retreat saves U.S. at Battle of Leyte
GulfBattle for control of the Philippines lasts until
end of war
Island Hopping
FDR wants badly to invade Europe, his advisors and British PM Winston Churchill advise againstWant to invade Africa for two reasons:
Taking control of Africa would not be as difficultThe Army could get practice without needing too
many troopsAfter early losses, Gen. Eisenhower replaces
leadersGen. George Patton assigned to AfricaConvoy system, radar, sonar help Allies control
AtlanticWith W. Europe under Nazi control, Hitler
pushes east to destroy the Soviet economy—Stalingrad is main targetBattle lasts from September 1942-February 1943Nazis not prepared for Russian winterHeavy Nazi losses
The War In Russia & Africa
Battle of Stalingrad
The Allies AdvanceUS, UK, USSR form Grand Alliance, stress
military operations, not political differencesAgree to fight until all Axis Powers surrender
1942: War turns against Germany, JapanNov ’42: Allies invade N. Africa, defeat Germans
May ’43Feb ’43: German Sixth Army surrenders at
StalingradJune ’42: USA sinks 4 Japanese carriers at MidwayGen MacArthur begins offensive in PhilippinesCombined Army, Marine and Navy “island
hopping” May 1943: Axis Tunisia surrenders
Casablanca Conference: FDR and Churchill agree to destroy German economic & military potentialWeaken German moraleFirst, attack Italy “the soft underbelly” of the Axis PowersSeptember 1943: Allies invade Italian island of Sicily
American & British bombing of Germany picks upDid not weaken German economy or morale, but created
gas shortage, interrupted railroads, wrecked airplane factories—Allies now controlled the air
Allies invade Italy, move north quickly, Mussolini arrested by King Victor Emmanuel III—Germans return him to power
Allies land at Anzio, behind Nazi lines at Cassino, fighting lasts for three months—Allies take Rome in May 1944
War in Europe