WORLDWARIIUNIT8

UNIT8.2HITLERSTARTSWAR• Hitler’sFirstSteps• Response• NaziEscalation• WarDeclared• TheFallofFrance• BattleofBritain• Asia

EssentialQuestion:

Until1938,BritainandFrancebasicallyignoredHitler’sforeignpolicy.Doyouthinkthiswaswise?Whatmadethemchangetheirminds?

HITLER’SFIRSTSTEPS

• Militarized theRhineland (theborderbetweenFranceandGermany)

• EnteredanalliancewithAustriaknownastheAnschluss

RESPONSE

• Appeasement• BritishPrimeMinisterNevilleChamberlain• “Peaceinourtime”

NAZIESCALATION

• TakeCzechoslovakia• SignpactwithItaly• SignNazi-SovietNon-AggressionPact• AttackPolandusingblitzkrieg tactics• SovietsattackPolandfromtheeast

WARDECLARED

• GreatBritainandFrancedeclarewaronGermany

THEFALLOFFRANCE

• HitlerinvadesDenmarkandNorway• ThentheNetherlands,Belgium,andFrance

• Francefalls– VichyFrance• CharlesdeGaulle andaFrenchresistancearmyfleetoEngland

BATTLEOFBRITAIN

• BritishPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchill• Nosurrender,nopeace

• Britishusedradar• RoyalAirForce(RAF)vsLuftwaffe

• Germanfailedinvasion

ASIA

• JapandeclareswaronChina(1937)• AxisAllianceisformed– Germany,Italy,Japan

ESSENTIALQUESTION

• Until1938,BritainandFrancebasicallyignoredHitler’sforeignpolicy.Doyouthinkthiswaswise?Whatmadethemchangetheirminds?

UNIT8.3USENTERSTHEWAR

• AmericanIsolationism• AmericanInvolvementEarly• JapaneseOilEmbargo• JapaneseExpansionintothePacific

• ADayThatWillLiveinInfamy• DeclarationofWar

EssentialQuestion:

ExplainthereasonsforAmericaninvolvementinWorldWarIIonaglobalscale.

AMERICANISOLATIONISM

• FDRwasnotanisolationist–hesupportedLeagueofNations

• NeutralityActs - Topreventwar

• FDR’sQuarantineSpeech(1937)- Wemuststopaggressivenations

AMERICANINVOLVEMENTEARLY• Cash-and-carry(1939)- countriesatwarcouldpaycashforsuppliesandpickupthemselves

• Electionof1940- Rooseveltranfora3rdterm- defeatedWendellWilkie (R)

• Lend-LeaseAct(1941)– USsentsuppliestoallies– USgivencontrolofmilitarybasesaroundtheworldduringwartime–suppliestoberepaidwithinterestpost-war

AMERICANINVOLVEMENTEARLY

• AtlanticCharter(1941)- agreementbetweenChurchillandRooseveltonpost-wargoals

• AmericanboatsattackedbyU-boats• USSKearny• USSReubenJames

JAPANESEOILEMBARGO(1941)

• FDRfreezesallJapaneseassetsinAmerica,BritainandDutchEastIndiesfollowsuit.

• Japanloses88%ofitsimportedoil-oilreserveswouldonlylast3years

JAPANESEEXPANSIONINTOTHEPACIFIC

• WithhelpofVichyFrench,JapanbegantakingcontrolofareasinsoutheastAsia

ADAYTHATWILLLIVEININFAMY

• SurpriseattackonPacificFleetatPearlHarboronDecember7,1941

• 2,403Americanskilledincluding68civilians

• Destroyedordamaged19U.S.Navyships• USSArizona,USSOklahoma,USSUtah

DECLARATIONOFWAR

• December8– U.S.declareswaronJapan• December11– GermanyandItalydeclarewarontheUS

ESSENTIALQUESTION

• ExplainthereasonsforAmericaninvolvementinWorldWarIIonaglobalscale.

UNIT8.4USPREPARESFORWAR

• MobilizationofMilitary• WarPrograms• AfricanAmericans• HispanicAmericans• JapaneseAmericans

EssentialQuestion:

InwhatwaysdidtheUnitedStatesprepareforwar?Wasthisjustifiable?

MOBILIZATIONOFMILITARY

• ArmyChiefofStaffGeneralGeorgeC.Marshall• Draft- 16million– manyvolunteered• Basesbuilt– Texas,California,Florida

WOMENINWWII

• WAVES– 10,000WomenAcceptedforVolunteerEmergencyServicefortheNavy(clericalwork)

• WASPs– 1,074WomenAirforceServicePilots(testedanddeliveredaircraft)

• WAC– over150,000servedintheWomen’sArmyCorps(non-combatpositions)

WARPROGRAMS• WarProductionBoard/OfficeofProductionManagement

• Oversawwarproductioneffort

• RosietheRiveter

• Womenintheworkplace

• NationalWarLaborBoard• Helpedsettlelabordisputesandkeepproductiongoing

• ManhattanProject

• Atomicbomb

• J.RobertOppenheimer

AFRICANAMERICANS

• Participatedinwar• Faceddiscrimination

HISPANICAMERICANS

• BraceroProgram• Temporaryworkforimmigrants• ZootSuitRiots• DisputebetweenwhitesailorsandMexicanAmericanteens

JAPANESEAMERICANS

• SenttointernmentcampstopreventJapanesespiesfromactingagainsttheUnitedStates

ESSENTIALQUESTION

• InwhatwaysdidtheUnitedStatesprepareforwar?Wasthisjustifiable?

UNIT8.5EUROPEANTHEATRE• FightingintheAtlantic

• FightingintheSovietUnion

• FightinginNorthAfrica

• Rommel:

• Eisenhower:• Patton:

• FightinginItaly

• D-Day

• BattleoftheBulge

EssentialQuestion:

WhatmadetheUnitedStatessuccessfulinEuropeduringWorldWar2?

FIGHTINGINTHEATLANTIC

• U-boatattacks• WolfPack• Protectedconvoys• Airplanesusedoverhead

• Moreboats=largerconvoys• USbrokecode• Enigma

FIGHTINGINTHESOVIETUNION

• HitlerbrokepactwithSovietUnion• SovietswerealmostallthatwasleftinEurope

• Stalingrad• Sovietswouldnotsurrender• Hitlerwasdefeated• BeganretreatofGermany

FIGHTINGINNORTHAFRICA

• ItalyfailstocontrolNorthAfrica

• BritishneededtheMediterraneanSea

• ErwinRommel– Nazicommanderofthe7th PanzerDivision

• SentbyGermanstohelpItaly

• Nicknamedthe“DesertFox”• BattleofElAlamein

• Britishtookcontrol

• OperationTorch

• Lt.Gen.DwightD.Eisenhower&Gen.GeorgeS.Patton

• MoroccoandAlgeria

FIGHTINGINITALY

• GeneralGeorgeS.PattonandtheBigRed1• SicilythentoItaly

• TuskegeeAirmen

• AfricanAmericanpilots– “Ofthe179bomberescortmissionsthe332ndFighterGroupflewfortheFifteenthAirForce,thegroupencounteredenemyaircrafton35ofthosemissionsandlostbomberstoenemyaircraftononlyseven,andthetotalnumberofbomberslostwas27.Bycomparison,theaveragenumberofbomberslostbytheotherP-51fightergroupsoftheFifteenthAirForceduringthesameperiodwas46.”

• Mussolini oustedandpubliclykilled

D-DAY

• OperationOverlord– Lt.Gen.DwightD.Eisenhower• InvasionatNormandyonJune6,1944

• Attackupthebeach/Airdropbehindenemylines

• LedtocaptureofParis• Onemillionsoldiersand18,000vehicleslanded

BATTLEOFTHEBULGE

• LastGermanoffensive• AlliessurroundedatBastogne• Lt.Gen.GeorgeS.Pattonbroughtrelief

• Germanywasthensurrounded–Sovietsintheeast

ESSENTIALQUESTION

• WhatmadetheUnitedStatessuccessfulinEuropeduringWorldWar2?

UNIT8.6PACIFICTHEATRE

• 1937-1941• Philippines• TurningPoints• IslandHopping• ProgressinthePacific

EssentialQuestion:

WhatstepsdidtheUnitedStatestaketobesuccessfulinthePacificduringWW2?

1937-1941

• Japaneseimperialism• WakeIsland• Guam• HongKong• Singapore

• DutchEastIndies

• Borneo• Burma

PHILIPPINES

• December8th,1941• Gen.DouglasMacArthur• HadtodefendthePhilippines• PhilippinessurrenderinApril1942

• BataanDeathMarch• ThosecapturedindefenseofthePhilippines

• 5,000Americansdieinaweek

TURNINGPOINTS

• DoolittleRaid• BattleofCoralSea– May1942• HaltedJapaneseadvance

• BattleofMidway– June1942• Americanvictory• HugedefeatforJapanesenavy• Japanesewouldbeonthedefensivefortherestofthewar

ISLANDHOPPING

• Guadalcanal- August1942intheSolomonIslands• KeyinprotectingAustralia• Americanvictory

• Navajocodetalkers

PROGRESSINTHEPACIFIC

• Philippines• BattleofLeyteGulf• FirstKamikaze attacks

• IwoJimaandOkinawa• CloseproximitytoJapan• Foughttothedeath

ESSENTIALQUESTION

• WhatstepsdidtheUnitedStatestaketobesuccessfulinthePacificduringWW2?

UNIT8.8ENDWAR