Write It! Station Directions - Kessler's Science Classkesslersscienceclass.weebly.com/.../earthquakesstation… · Web viewEarthquakes radiate seismic energy as both body and

Write It! Station Directions

It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before working at this station.

-Read It!

-Explore It!

-Watch It!

-Research It!

Answer each of the task card questions on the lab sheet in complete sentences.

KeslerScience.com, 2017

Describe the difference between P waves and S waves.

How to scientists use data to determine the epicenter of an earthquake?

KeslerScience.com, 2017 KeslerScience.com, 2017

How are plate boundaries and faults related to

earthquakes?


Assess It! Station Directions

It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before working at this station.

-Read It!

-Explore It!

-Watch It!

-Research It!

Each member will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Assess

It! section.


Where do earthquakes generally originate?

What does the image represent?

A. At plate boundaries and fault lines

B. Near the center of tectonic

plates

C. Above sea level

D. Next to mountain ranges

A. Compression

B. Tension

C. Shearing

D. Diverging

Side view

Side view

KeslerScience.com, 2017KeslerScience.com, 2017

Which statement is incorrect about earthquakes?

Where is the epicenter?

A.The epicenter is located on the surface (above the focus) and the focus is the

A. A

B

DCA

location where the earthquake originated.

B. P waves are faster than S waves.

B. B

C. C

C. Seismologists use data to triangulate where an epicenter is located.

D. Shearing is when two pieces of crust are pushing directly towards each other.


D. D


Read It! Station Directions

Each member of the group will read the passage and answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Read It! section.

It is important to remember that the answers will come directly from the reading passage.

Earthquakes

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismicwaves thatmove through and around the earth. A seismologist is a scientistwhostudies earthquakes and seismic waves.

Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. They are the energy thattravels through the earthand is recorded on seismographs.

There are several different kinds of seismic waves, and they all move in different ways. The two main types of waves are body waves and surface waves. Bodywaves can travel throughthe earth's inner layers, butsurface waves can only move along the surface of the planet like ripples on water. Earthquakes radiate seismic energy as both body and surface waves.

This article focuses onlyon bodywaves.

The first kind of bodywave is the P wave or primary wave. This is the fastest kind of seismic wave, and, consequently, the first to'arrive' at a seismic station. The P wave can move throughsolid rockand fluids, like water or the liquid layers of the earth. It pushes and pulls the rock it moves through just like soundwaves push and pull the air. Have you ever heard a big clap of thunder and heardthe windows rattle at the same time?

The windows rattle because the sound waves were pushing and pulling onthe window

glass much like P waves push andpull on rock. Sometimes animals can hear the P waves of an earthquake. Dogs, forinstance, commonlybeginbarking hysterically just before an earthquake 'hits' (or more specifically, before the surface waves arrive). Usually people can onlyfeel the bump andrattle of these waves.

P waves are also known as compressionalwaves, because of the pushing andpulling they do. Subjected toa P wave, particles move in the same directionthatthe the wave is moving in, whichis the direction that the energy is traveling in, andis sometimes called the 'direction of wave propagation'.

The second type of body wave is the S wave or secondary wave, which is the second wave you feel in an earthquake. An S wave is slower than a P wave andcan only move through solidrock, not through any liquid medium. It is this property of S waves thatled seismologists toconclude thatthe Earth's outer core is a liquid. S waves move rock particles up anddown, or side-to-side--perpendicular tothe directionthatthe wave is traveling in (the direction of wave propagation).


Which title would be a better description of the article?

A. The 4 Main Types of Seismic Waves

B. Earthquakes and the Damage They Produce

C. Seismic Waves: The Difference between P and S waves

D. Surface Waves: Love and Rayleigh Waves

Which statement explains the difference between body and surface waves?

A. Body waves only move across the surface and surface waves move through the inner layers.

B. Body waves move through your body and surface waves move on the surface of Earth.

C. Surface waves only move across the surface

and body waves move throughthe inner layers.

D. Surface waves can only move throughwater and body waves canonly move throughsolid


material.


How are primary and secondary waves different from each other?

A. P waves are the fastest waves and S

waves are slower.

B. S waves are the fastest waves and P waves are slower.

C. P waves move through solids and S

waves move through liquids.

D. S waves move through solids and P waves move through liqKuesidlersS.cience.com, 2017

What role would a seismologist likely perform as part of their job?

A. Monitoring seismic activity in a certain region of the country

B. Analyzing seismograms to create reports to determine epicenters of earthquakes

C. Using data to predict future earthquakes

D. All of the above


Watch It! Station Directions

Each member of the group will go to the website listed on task card #1

Complete the task cards in order.

Every student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Watch It! section of the lab sheet.


YouTube https://goo.gl/vHqbYN

G Drive https://goo.gl/Zn4Nvr

URL is case-sensitive

1. Click Play on the video.

2. Answer questions from cards

#2-4 on your lab sheet.

YouTube

Describe the difference between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?

What causes earthquakes?

a. Where to most earthquakes occur?

b. Why do we sometimes have earthquakes away from plate boundaries?

Research It! Station Directions

Each member of the group will go to the website listed on task card #1

Complete the task cards in order.

Every student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Research It! section.

1. Go to https://goo.gl/RFR5SN

2. Answer the questions on your lab sheet.


Read through the information presented and answer the questions on your lab sheet.

1. What is the difference between p waves and s waves?

2. How do you determine the

difference between when a P wave and an S wave arrives at a seismogram locationKe?slerScience.com, 2017

Select a region from the four regions that are given.

2. What were the wave measurements from:

Seismogram #1

Seismogram #2

Seismogram #3


1. What were the distance measurements from:

Graph #1

Graph #2

Graph #3

1. Did you three circle intersect at a single point? Were they close?

2. What does this tell us?

Explore It! Station Directions

One member of the group will read the task cards in order.The group will be responsible for completing each of the tasks that are being read.

Each member of the group will then write their conclusions down on the lab sheet in the Explore It! section.


Use the land model in front of you to answer the following questions.

1.Make some general observations about the surface land and layers of the crust as

you move the model in different

directions.

The break between the two pieces represents a fault.

Typically, each slab of land

can move in one of three directions.

1. They can move towards each other which is called compression.

2. They can move away from each

other which is called tension.

3. They can slide by each other laterally which is called shearing.

1. On your lab sheet draw a diagram of what the model looks like during compression, tension, and shearing.

2. Compare Fossils X and Y during tension? What happens to each?

3. Compare Fossils X and Y during compression? What happens to each?


1. Describe the road, river, and train tracks during shearing.

Each piece of land generally moves at a very slow pace and is not noticeable.

However, when enough potential energy

is released suddenly, an earthquake will happen.


(TYPES OF STRESS ON ROCKS) (Layer A) (Layer B)Layer A

Mineral Deposits

(Layer A) (Layer B) (Layer C) (Layer C)


Layer B Layer C

Fossils X

Fossils Y

(TYPES OF STRESS ON ROCKS)These pieces are used to cover the interior edge of each piece.

(KeslerScience.com, 2017)

(KeslerScience.com, 2017) (TYPES OF STRESS ON ROCKS)

Illustrate It! Station Directions

Each member of the group will draw a quick sketch on the lab sheet the shows they understand the concept that is being taught.

Use the colored pencils and markers that are provided.

The directions for the sketch are provided on the task card at the table.


Illustrate It! Station Directions

Use the templates on your lab sheet to complete the diagrams. The diagrams will show the 3 main types of stress that rocks undergo at plate boundaries and fault lines. Label the direction the plates are moving and the name of the stress type.

Side view

Side viewSide view

Side view

Top view

Top view


Organize It! Station Directions

It is recommended that you have completed at least two

of the following stations before working at this station.

-Read It!

-Explore It!

-Watch It!

-Research It!

Match the vocabulary word with the correct definition. Once complete have your teacher sign your lab sheet.

Please mix up the cards again before the next group arrives at this station.


Epicenter

Located directly above the focus on the surface of the earth

Focus

The origin of an earthquake

Compression

Squeezes rocks together causing folds and fractures

Shearing

Forces are parallel but moving in opposite directions. Rocks are sliding by one another.

Tension

Rocks that pull apart from one another

P Waves

Fastest seismic waves that travel through the inner layers of earth including solids and liquids

S Waves

Slower waves that travel through the earth and only travel through solid objects

Triangulation

A process used to determine the epicenter of an earthquake

(Composite) (Volcano)

Documents

Write It! Station Directions - Kessler's Science Classkesslersscienceclass.weebly.com/.../earthquakesstation… · Web viewEarthquakes radiate seismic energy as both body and