Writtena and Oral Communication ~ Waitherero and Co. 25.3.2013

8/22/2019 Writtena and Oral Communication ~ Waitherero and Co. 25.3.2013

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WRITTEN AND ORAL COMMUNICATION

Name ID Number

Victor Maundu 630420

Elisha Ngatia 628451Raphael Mumbo Odhiambo 624471

Catherine Waitherero 632620

Milcah Onsoti 630448

Felix Chengula 629187


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INTRODUCTION

Communication is the activity or process of expressingideas and feelings or giving people information

Oral is spokenWritten is expressed in writing.


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TYPES OF WRITING

Memos, letters, instructions of information andanalytical reports, proposal, minutes of meeting,scripts for oral presentation and articles.


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Writing regularly helps one enhance in their writingskills which could be beneficial, essential and play acrucial part to ones success. But also keep in mind thathowever how much you write, its the quality of the

writing you offer that will reflect evidence of onespotential and character.

The purpose of you writing is what will determine thetype of writing that is required from you such as the

degree of formality, the form in which you shouldwrite and also the varying length of the write up.


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MAJOR PURPOSES OF WRITING

To analyze the causes and effects of a problem andoften to suggest a solution.

To report on the status of a situation or project such asto update progress

To explain a process or procedure

Evaluating your self, others, a procedure or product

To set forward instructions for carrying outprocedures.

Examining effects of a change(policy, procedure,product)


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DEVELOP READER SENSITIVITY

In order to develop reader sensitivity you need to:

Think of readers as whole persons

No matter who your readers are, work, located, gender,beliefs and values, social and economic status, but whoever or where ever they could be in relation to thewriter, they should be able to relate to what the writer

is communicating to them. Identify specific writer/reader ties

As a writer, you need to try understanding the readersand simply imaging them as whole people and put

yourself in their shoes.


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IDENTIFY WRITER/READER TIES Collaterally supportive ties

Collateral means parallel or side-to-side, so in this

case the relationship is a tie between you and yourpeers within or perhaps with other organizations too.

Collateral also implies a supportive and reinforcingprofessional relationship. The way you communicate

with your peers should be able to figure in problem-solving processes clearly. It involves offering orrequesting of information or resources by sharing ajoint effort commitment and common understanding

with your peers.


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Strategically supportive ties

These relate to an organization to those who planbudgets ,policies and determine priorities.

Tactically supportive ties

Organizational strategies are only put into work once

they are defined into tactics and these tactics becomeactions performed by people.


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SIGNALING YOUR READERS

Preview

Review

Linkage Reinforcement


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WHAT IS ORAL COMMUNICATION

Oral communication implies communication throughmouth.

Speeches, presentations, discussions are all forms of oralcommunication.


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Types of oral communication 1. One-on-One Speaking (Student-Student or

Student-Teacher)

2. Small-Group or Team-Based Oral Work

3. Full-Class Discussions (Teacher- or Student-Led) 4. In-Class Debates and Deliberations

5. Speeches and Presentations

6. Oral Examinations


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STAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

There are nine stages of oral communication:

Identify the fundamental elements of the

communication process. Demonstrate how a healthy self-concept improves

communication.

Explain how perception affects communication.

Demonstrate effective listening habits and skills. Use the English language effectively to reflect the

intended message.


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Interpret and employ nonverbal cues to optimize

communication. Identify and apply strategies to assure the maximum

health of interpersonal relationships.

Manage relational conflict.

Apply effective communication skills in a variety ofcontexts.


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What is a Problem?Any situation that invites resolution

Deviation from the norm

Any situation that needs attention


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What is problem solving? The process ofworking through details of a problem to

reach a solution.

When in a fix, no need to cry over spilled milk, insteadfigure out what knocked it over and how to avoid spillsin the future.

Addressing a problems root cause will allow you tofind the solution.
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Steps involved in problem solving Identify and name the problem:

Explore/analyze the problem: from different view

points questions should be asked eg. how long has the problem

existed

what are the effects of the problem

information gathered and sifted

GOAL (Iwant to) BARRIER (but..)

Buy a new computer Im not sure which model toget

Set up a new business I dont knowwhere to start


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Identify possible solutions: the goal of this stage is to complete

a list of all conceivable alternatives to the problem through: eg.brainstorming

Select the best solutions: one should consider whether or notthe solutions chosen solve the problem or just minimizes it

Evaluate the solutions by weighing its pros and cons

Develop an Action Plan :An action plan is a chart that lists thetasks that need to be done and identifies when and what action isnecessary, where to start, and how.


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Implement a possible solution: in this stage focus is on

the best way to make the solution apply and do it

END

THANK YOU

Documents

Writtena and Oral Communication ~ Waitherero and Co. 25.3.2013