X:VIMSUPDATES 6AprilNew IAP UG Teacing Module 2016Backup ... · APPROACH TO A CHILD WITH CHRONIC COUGH ‐ CASE SCENARIOS • 9 months boy • Persistent cough • H/o ear & skin

IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-16

CHRONIC COUGH

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WHAT IS COUGH?

COUGH REFLEX IS A DEFENSIVE MECHANISM

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Four Phases• Inspiratory• Contractive• Compressive• Expulsive

TYPES• Acute• Chronic


WHAT IS CHRONIC COUGH?

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Chronic cough is cough of more than

3 weeks duration


PHYSIOLOGY OF COUGH REFLEX

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STIMULANTS

•IRRITANTS•SECRETIONS•FOREIGN BODIES

ARC CONSISTS

•RECEPTORS•AFFERENTS•EFFERENTS


PHYSIOLOGY OF COUGH REFLEX

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Receptors• Pharynx & Larynx• Bronchi• Esophagus & Stomach• Pleura &Diaphragm• Middle Ear

Afferents• Cr N. IX, X And V• C 2, 3 & 4

Efferent• Cranial Nerve X• C 3,4 & 5

Cough Centre• Medulla


ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC COUGH0 – 18 MONTHS

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IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-16 7

ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC COUGH18 MONTHS – 6YEARS

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ETIOLOGY OF CHRONIC COUGH 6YEARS – 16 YEARS

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INITIAL EVALN

PULM FUNCT TESTS

BRONCHOSCOPY

GERD TESTING

HISTORY

PHYSICAL EXAM

CXR

CHRONIC COUGH DIAGNOSITIC PROTOCOL

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I EVALUATION• HISTORY

• PHYSICAL EXAM

• CHEST X‐RAY

PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS•SPIROMETRY

•MIC

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GERD TESTING• pH Probe•Upper GI Series•EndoscopyOTHERS

• Laboratory•CT Scan•Other Consults

BRONCHOSCOPY


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COUGH IN A SEEMINGLY WELLCHILD

COUGH IN A SICK CHILD

CHRONIC COUGHDIAGNOSITIC PROTOCOL

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HISTORY

• Family history• Atopy• Relief with bronchodilators

• Exposure to smoke• Serious pulmonary infections

• Sino‐pulmonary infections

• Skin infections

• Stridor• Choking• Feeding problems• H/o contact

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HISTORY

Cough quality• Seal like• Canada goose • Staccato• Paroxysmal bouts• With sonorous breathing

Cough timing• With feeding• Nocturnal• With sleep, laughing• Exercise

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HISTORY

Cough Duration

•Persistent

•Episodic

Cough Productivity

•Productive

•Nonproductive

•Blood stained

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PHYSICAL EXAM

• Failure to thrive• Malabsorption• Signs of atopy• Sinuses• CVS exam

• Cyanosis• Clubbing• Chest deformity

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CHEST X‐RAY

• LUNGS• CVS

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TOTAL ATELECTASIS OF RIGHT LUNG

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RIGHT MAIN BRONCHUS SHOWS A METAL FOREIGN BODY

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PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS

• FEV1/FVC• MIC

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BRONCHOSCOPY

Procedures• Remove F.B• Evaluate anatomy• Collect specimen

Indications• Cough 8 weeks or more• Suspicion of F.B or obstruction

• Failure to make a diagnosis

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GERD TESTS

TESTS• PH PROBE• UPPER GI ENDOSCOPY• OESOPHAGOSCOPY

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OTHER TESTS

•Laboratory Tests

•C.T.Scan

•Other Consults

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APPROACH TO A CHILD WITHCHRONIC COUGH ‐ CASE SCENARIOS

• 7 years boy• Persistent cough• Cough quality• Family H/o asthma• No clubbing• Chest deformity+• Atopy+• Lungs clear

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APPROACH TO A CHILD WITH CHRONIC COUGH – CASE SCENARIOS

LEARNING POINTS

Suspect Cough Variant Asthma:• Family H/o asthma• Triggers• H/o or signs of atopy• Response to bronchodilators• R/o other causes

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APPROACH TO A CHILD WITHCHRONIC COUGH ‐ CASE SCENARIOS

• 1 year girl• 7 kg• Persistent cough• Nocturnal• Vomits after feeds• Fails to respond to • Bronchodilators• Lungs clear

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LEARNING POINTS

Suspect GERD:• Infant • Failure to thrive• Feeding problems• Vomiting• Nocturnal cough• Failure to respond to• Bronchodilators

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APPROACH TO A CHILD WITH CHRONIC COUGH ‐ CASE SCENARIOS

• 9 months boy• Persistent cough• H/o ear & skin infection• Hospitalized 4 times till now• Failure to thrive• Chest deformity• Clubbing

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LEARNING POINTS

Suspect altered pulmonary defenses:•Rec respiratory infection•Serious pulmonary infection•Failure to thrive•Multiple sites sepsis•Family history

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Thank You

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Documents

X:VIMSUPDATES 6AprilNew IAP UG Teacing Module 2016Backup ... · APPROACH TO A CHILD WITH CHRONIC COUGH ‐ CASE SCENARIOS • 9 months boy • Persistent cough • H/o ear & skin