Slide 1

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Your Phenotype is showing!Open your text book to page 135What is DNA?Where is DNA found?How are genes related to DNA?

Heredity 101Text Book Pages 98-112By PresenterMedia.comWhat Do You See?

And?

They Sure Look a Like!!!

HEREDITY: The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring

Choose someone in class without saying anythingWrite down at least 5 words to describe them (physical and behavioral)Share with a partner and see if you can guess the mystery classmate!

So Lets Break This Down!

CHARACTERISTIC: a feature with different forms in a populationHair color, height, eye color, nose length, kindness, sense of humor, etc.

TRAITS: The different forms of a characteristicRed hair, black eyes, short nose, extremely nice, absolutely hilarious

Next to your traits, identify the characteristic they are describingEXAMPLE tall (trait) height (characteristic)

Play rock, paper, scissors with a neighbor3 minutes GOLets debrief what happened?One More..Fold your hands togetherWhich thumb do you have on top?Lets count!

Characteristic folding our handsTrait right over left or left over rightThe bigger number was which trait?

Game Time!!!

Dominant and Recessive Traits

Some traits appear to have more power! Paper to rock!Dominant: a trait that will appear in the the offspring if one of the parents contributes it; Shown with a CAPITAL letterBrown hair, dimples, freckles

Recessive: a trait that must be contributed by both parents in order to appear in the offspring; Shown with a LOWERCASE letterBlonde hair, straight hair, thin lips

From Mom and Dad!It is in the GENES: A set of instructions for an inherited traitFound on DNA strandsDetermine which traits you get!!You have 2 forms of the same gene for every characteristicThese are called ALLELES: different forms of the characteristic traits!Found ON the chromsomeWhere do they come from????

How Do We Get Them?

We are who we are because of HEREDITYOur GENES are from our parents and determine our TRAITSThey can be DOMINANT or RECESSIVEThe different forms from our parents are ALLELES

Review!Lets Talk Dimples!We have genes from our parents1 set from Mom and 1 set from Dad 2 forms for each characteristic called: allelesDimples and no dimples (Dd) OR dimples and dimples (DD) OR no dimples and no dimples (dd)But only 1 allele actually shows up that we seeDimples! (D)

13Genotype: the entire genetic make-up of an organismThe 2 alleles you have for every traitHereditary conditions like cancers, alcoholism, obesity, heart disease, acneThe secrets! Your whole make-up!!!

Phenotype: The outcome of the genes, or what we SEE, the appearanceDimples, straight hair, brown eyes, tall, rolled tongueWhat your genes picked to make you YOU!

A Little More About Alleles

An individual with identical alleles of a gene is homozygous for that gene Examples: BB or bb, TT or ttPurebred

An individual with non-identical alleles of a gene is heterozygous for that geneExamples: Bb, Tt, Aa (Capital letter ALWAYS first!)Hybrid

I see a person with black hair, green eyes, detached earlobes, and their tongue rolled. Am I looking at the genotype or phenotype?

A strand of DNA has 2 alleles for every characteristic! Wow! Is this the genotype or phenotype?

What do we call 2 alleles that are both either dominant or recessive? How do we write it?

What is a heterozygous pair of alleles?

Check Point!We will go through the most common traits that people have

On your sheet, record if you have the mentioned trait or not

You may have to ask your neighbor for help

What traits do you have? Detached (EE, Ee) or attached (ee) Earlobes

http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/heredity/docs/InventoryComplete.pdf19Can Tongue Roll (TT, Tt) or Cant (tt)

http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/heredity/docs/InventoryComplete.pdf20Dimples (DD, Dd) No Dimples (dd)

http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/heredity/docs/InventoryComplete.pdf21Right (RR, Rr) or Left (rr) handed?

Freckles (FF, Ff) No Freckles (ff)

http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/heredity/docs/InventoryComplete.pdf

23Curly (HH, Hh) or Straight (hh)

http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/heredity/docs/InventoryComplete.pdf

24Cleft Chin (CC, Cc) or No Cleft (cc)

Allergies (AA, Aa) or No Allergies (aa)

Hand Clasp Right over Left?

http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/heredity/docs/InventoryComplete.pdf

27Normal (BB, Bb) Color Blindness (bb)

Can you see the number inside the circle?

If you cannot, you may be colorblindWidows Peak (WW, Ww) or Straight (ww)

http://teach.genetics.utah.edu/content/heredity/docs/InventoryComplete.pdf

29Collected Data Does your data support which of your genes are dominant or recessive? Now that I know my alleles or my genotype, can I predict what my offspring will look like or be able to do???

YES!!!Punnett Square: A diagram used to organize all possible combinations of offspring from particular parents

Punnett Squares!

Lets Try!So What Does It Mean? Receiving alleles is totally randomProbability: the mathematical chance that something will happenDetermine probability based on your Punnett Square!What are my chances that my banana will be yellow?How about green?

THINK: If there is a 75% chancethat the banana will be yellow, does that mean that it WILL be yellow???****Probability only gives you a CHANCE it doesnt reveal the ANSWERS!!

Exit Post-ItCreate a diagram to show the relationship and location of and among genes, chromosomes, alleles, and DNA.