,yq;ifia tskhd ehlhf khw;WtNj vkJ Nehf;fk;.€¦ · 2025 JhuNehf;F,yq;ifia tskhd ehlhf khw;WtNj vkJ Nehf;fk;.,e;Jkh rKj;jpu gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,yq;ifia cah;Nghl;bj;jd;ik kpf;f mwptpd;

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huNehf;F

,yq;ifia tskhd ehlhf khw;WtNj vkJ Nehf;fk;. ,e;Jkh rKj;jpu

gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,yq;ifia cah;Nghl;bj;jd;ik kpf;f mwptpd;

mbg;gilapy; r%f nghUshjhu Nfe;jpu epiyakhf ehk;

khw;wpaikg;Nghk;. midj;J gpui[fSf;Fk; cah; tUkhdj;ij

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba #oy; xd;iw ehk; cUthf;FJld; jukhd

tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Kd;ndLg;gjw;Fk; ehk; toptif nra;Nthk;.

murhq;f jfty; jpizf;fs ntspaPL

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2025 JhuNehf;F 1PROOF

5 2025 JhuNehf;F

2 2025 JhuNehf;F PROOF

5

PROOF

52025 JhuNehf;F

khw;wkilAk;

etPd nghUshjhuk;


5

2015k; Mz;L [dtup kw;Wk; Mf];l; khjq;fspy; ,yq;ifg; gpui[fs; tuyhw;Wj; jpUg;GKid

xd;Wf;fhd gpd;Gyj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fpy; ,uz;L jlitfs; jkJ thf;Fg;gyj;ij gad;gLj;jpdu;.

,dq;fs; kw;Wk; kjuPjpapyhd gpsTfis Cf;Ftpf;Fk; kw;Wk; midj;J tifahd

mbg;gilthjq;fSf;Fk; vjpuhf tYthd [dehafk;> ePjpepiyehl;lg;gly;> ey;yhl;rp> ey;ypzf;fk;>

epiyNgwhd rkhjhdk;> rkTupik> midj;J kf;fspdJk; kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; ehl;bd; gy;ypdg;

guk;giy mq;fPfupj;jy;> mjid Cf;Ftpj;Jg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhfTk;> ,yq;if murpay; fyhrhuj;jpy;

GjpanjhU khw;wj;Jld; midj;J kf;fSf;Fk; gad;jU rkepiy mgptpUj;jpnahd;Wf;fhf tlf;F>

njw;F> fpof;F> kj;jpa kw;Wk; Nky; khfhz kf;fs; thf;Fg; gyj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpdh;.

mit tYthd [dehafk;> [dehaf mikg;Gfs;> ey;ypzf;fk;> epiyNgwhd rkhjhdk;

kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp njhlu;gpy; cWjpg; gpukhzk; vLj;j kf;fs; gpujpepjpfis njupT nra;tjw;fhf

thf;fspj;jp nghJkf;fspd; vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; vd;gJld;> kf;fs; gpujpepjpfs; mtw;iw epiwNtw;Wk;

nghWg;igf; nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

ehk; mtw;wpy; ngUk;ghyhd nghWg;Gfis epiwNtw;wpAs;Nshk;.

ru;tNjr uPjpahf ,yq;ifapd; ew;ngaiu kPz;Lk; fl;bnaOg;Gjy;> murpayikg;gpd; 19tJ jpUj;jr;

rl;lk;> RahjPd Mizf;FOf;fspd; cUthf;fk;> jfty; mwpAk; rl;lk;> fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuj;ij

cWjpg;gLj;jy;> cj;Njr ey;ypzf;f fl;likg;Gf;fhf nghJkf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sy;> murpayikg;Gr; rignahd;iw epWTjy;> ehl;L kf;fis Coy;fspypUe;J tpLtpg;gjw;fhd

nraw;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; ey;yhl;rpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l EioTg; ghij topahf ehl;il

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NghapUe;jhYk;> mtw;iwAk; Cf;fj;Jld; Kd;ndLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk;.

nghJkf;fspd; fld; Rikapid Fiwg;gjw;fhf mtu;fs; nghUshjhu uPjpapy; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf

Ntz;b Kf;fpa eltbf;iffs; gytw;iw ehk; vLj;Js;Nshk;. tuyhw;wpy; xUNghJk; ele;jpuhjijg;

Nghd;W mur kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiwapdupd; Ntjdq;fis cau;j;Jjy;> Xa;T+jpaf; nfhLg;gdtpid

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xsljq;fspd; tpiyfis Fiwj;jy;> ,Jtiu 430>000 f;Fk; mjpfkhd Ntiytha;g;Gf;fis

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy; Nghd;wit Nkw;$wg;gl;l Nehf;fj;ij mile;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F

jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s rpy eltbf;iffshFk;.

Vida [dehaf ehLfs; Nghd;W Nkw;Fwpj;j tplaq;fspy; tpiuthd Kd;Ndw;wnkhd;iw

ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd top ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jkl;by; NeubtopKiw nfhz;lNjh my;yJ

,yFthdNjh my;y. Vnddpy; ,yq;ifAk; Vida ehLfs; Nghd;W ru;tNjr xOq;fpw;Fk;> ,aw;if

mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghd Mgj;Jf;fSf;F Kfk; nfhLf;fTk; Neu;e;Js;sjd; fhuzkhf rpw;rpW

gpd;dilTfis vjpu;nfhs;s Neupl;Ls;sJ.

etPd njhopy;El;gj;ij gad;gLj;jp tsh;r;rp fz;l ghJfhg;G %Nyhghaq;fSld; etPd ghJfhg;G

jpl;lj;jpd; Clhf ,yq;ifia tYthd ehlhf fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; ehk; ftdk; nrYj;JNthk;.

vdpDk; ehl;bd; 70tJ Rje;jpu jpdj;ij ehk; neUq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,t;Ntisapy; ek;kplkpUe;J

gy;yhz;Lfshf gwpNghapUf;Fk; fdTfshd epiyahd> mikjpahd> ey;ypzf;f> RgPl;rkhd

,yq;ifr; r%fnkhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhd ekJ vjpu;ghu;g;Gfis edthf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf

ehk; njhlu;e;Jk; jsuhj cWjpAld; nraw;gLNthk;.

PROOF

5

cs;slf;fk;

01gf;fk; 11

murhq;fj;jpd;

nghUshjhu ,yf;F

02gf;fk; 12

mgptpUj;jpg;

gazj;jpd;

FWf;fPLfs;

05gf;fk; 17

Nguz;lg;;

nghUshjhuj;ij

tYg;gLj;jy;

11gf;fk; 41

tptrha kw;Wk;

epiyNgwhd

mgptpUj;jp

03gf;fk; 13

vjpu;tUk;

%d;whz;LfSf;fhd

nghUsjhu

,yf;Ffs;

09gf;fk; 36

njhopEl;gtpaYk;

b[pl;ly;kakhf;fKk;

04gf;fk; 16

tsu;r;rpf;fhd

Gjpa topKiw

10gf;fk; 39

r%fg; ghJfhg;G

tiyg;gpd;dy;fs;

PROOF

5

08gf;fk; 29

r%f nghUshjhu

cl;fl;;likg;G trjpfs;

06gf;fk; 20

tsu;r;rpia

tYg;gLj;jy;

12gf;fk; 48

epu;thfKk;

nghWg;Gk;

07gf;fk; 25

fhzp> njhopyhsu;fs;

kw;Wk; KjyPL

13gf;fk; 50

xUq;fpizg;gpid

gyg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk;

nraw;gLtij guprPypj;jy;

14gf;fk; 51

KbTiu


5


5

01. murhq;fj;jpd; nghUshjhu ,yf;F

2025k; Mz;lstpy; ,yq;ifia RgPl;rk; kpf;fnjhU ehlhf fl;bnaOg;GtJ vq;fs;

Nehf;fhFk;. ek;ehl;bd; midj;Jg; gpui[fSf;Fk; cau;e;j tUkhdj;ijAk;;

rpwe;jnjhU tho;f;if Kiwf;Fkhd #oiy Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;Nghk;. ,jid

miltjw;fhd jFe;j fl;likg;G khw;wk; jw;NghJ Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kf;fspd;

tUkhdj;ij mjpfupj;jy;> njhopy;tha;g;Gfis toq;Ftij cWjpg;gLj;jy;>

midtUf;Fk; tPL> kw;Wk; cau;e;j tho;ifj; juk; Nghd;w tplaq;fSf;F ,jd;NghJ

Kd;Dupik mspf;fg;gLk;.

,e;Jkh rKj;jpu gpuhe;jpaj;jpd; Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshjhuf; Nfe;jpu epiyakhf

,yq;if khw;wg;gLk;. ,yq;ifapd; cs;ehl;L Efu;Nthu; re;ijahdJ ,UgJ kpy;ypad;

thbf;ifahsu;fSf;Fs; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sij ehk; mwpNthk;. ajhu;j;jKk; mJjhd;.

mjd; fhuzkhf cau;kl;lj;jpyhdJk;> epiyNgwhd> ePz;lfhy mgptpUj;jpnahd;Wf;fhf

ntspehl;Lr; re;ij tha;g;Gf;fspy; rhu;e;jpUf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. cgha uPjpahf ,yq;ifia

,e;J khrKj;jpuj;jpd; Nfe;jpu epiyakhf ehk; khw;wpaikg;Nghk;. mjd; %yk; cyf

cw;gj;jp tyaikg;G tha;g;gpDs; cs;Eiotjw;fhd tha;g;Gfis ehk; cs;ehl;L

tu;j;jfu;fSf;F Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;Nghk;. ,jd;%yk; ,yq;ifaupd; tho;f;ifia

RgPl;rkhf;Fk; nghUl;L cs;ehl;Lg; nghUshjhuj;ij gykpf;fjhfTk;> Jhpjkhd

Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf;nfhz;ljhfTk; khw;wp;aikg;Nghk;.

Nghl;bj;jd;ikia Cf;Ftpj;J>

ntspg;gilj;jd;ikAld;

midj;J ,yq;ifah;fSf;Fk;

nropg;Gldhd rktha;g;ig

Vw;gLj;jp Coiy Kwpabg;Nghk;

12 2025 JhuNehf;F

cw;gj;jp> nraw;jpwd; kw;Wk; ekJ nghUshjhuj;ij cyfshtpa uPjpapy; Nghl;b

NghLk; epiyikf;F nfhz;LtUtjw;F Njitahd kWrPuikg;Gfis Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. nghUshjhu gpur;rpidfis ehk; vjpu;nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. murhq;fj;jpd; epjp

epu;thfk;> re;ijapd; epWtduPjpahd neUf;fbfs;> gytPdkhd nrhj;Jupikfs;> NghJkhd

cl;fl;likg;Gfspd;ik> Vw;wj;jho;Tkpf;f epjptsk;> epWtdq;fspd; gytPdq;fs; kw;Wk;

nghUl;fspd; tpiyfspy; khw;wq;fs; vd;gd ehk; vjpu;nfhz;Ls;s rpf;fy;fshFk;.

– nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f fl;likg;Gf; FiwghLfs;. ngUkstpy; ngwg;gl;l

tu;j;jf fld;fis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l murpd; cl;lfl;likg;G nrytpdq;fspdhy;

Vw;gLk; nraw;ghLfspdhy; tsu;r;rp Vw;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. murhq;fj;jpd; epjptsk; kw;Wk;

me;epa KjyPLfspy; jsk;gy; vd;gd ehk; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; rpf;fy;fshFk;. ,tw;Wf;F

kj;jpapy; KjyPl;lhsu;fspd; ek;gpf;if tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ> Neub me;epa KjyPLfs; kw;Wk;

cs;ehl;L jdpahu; KjyPLfspy; tPo;r;rpnahd;W Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ngUk;ghyhd cs;ehl;L kw;Wk;

me;epa KjyPLfs; midj;Jk; Mjd kw;Wk; mJ rhu;e;j tu;j;jf Kaw;rpfs;> re;ijapy;

Nghl;bj;jd;ik Fiwe;J ,wf;FkjpfspYk; KjyPLnra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.

– Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; jsk;gy;. Nfs;tp-epuk;gy; Clhf epu;zapf;fg;glhj

gzg;gwpkhw;w tPjk; Vw;Wkjpg; nghUshjhuj;jpd; vjpu;kiwahd tpistpw;fhd fhuzpahFk;.

Vw;Wkjp njhlu;gpyhd ek;gpf;ifaPdk;> ghjpg;Gfs; vd;gd Vw;Wkjpj; Jiwapd; gpd;dilTf;Ff;

fhuzkhFk;. ,yq;ifapd; Vw;WkjpahdJ xUrpy Vw;Wkjp cw;gj;jpfspy; kl;LNk

,d;Dk; jq;fpAs;sJ. mjw;fhf tu;j;jf fld;fs; kPJ ghupa ek;gpf;if itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

ntspehLfspd; Neub KjyPLfs; ngUk;ghYk; tPlikg;Gj; njhFjpfs; kw;Wk; fhzpfs;>

ntspehLfSf;fhd gapw;rpaw;w njhopyhsu;fs; mDg;Gk; me;epa nryhtzp Nghd;w

Jiwfis Nehf;fpajhfNt cs;sd.

– nghJ murhq;f epjp tsq;fspd; jhf;fq;fs;. tPo;r;rpaile;J tUk; mur tUkhdk;>

mjpfupj;JtUk; nghJgLfld; Kf;fpakhf rYiffs; mw;w ntspehl;L fld;fSld;

,ize;J jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. murhq;fj;jpd; fld; njhif mjpfupg;G fhuzkhf

mgptpUj;jpapy; jilfs; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ek;gpf;ifaPdk;> mjpfupj;j tup tpjpg;G> r%f kw;Wk;

cl;fl;likg;G mgptpUj;jpfSf;fhd tsq;fis NtW Jiwfspy; gad;gLj;jy;> mjpfupj;j

mur fld;fs;> jdpahu; kw;Wk; me;epa KjyPLfs; fl;likg;G uPjpahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhik

Nghd;wit mjpu;Tfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

– xOq;FgLj;Jjypdhy; tsu;r;rp ghjpf;fg;gly;. ,t;thwhd jilfs; me;epa kw;Wk;

cs;ehl;L jdpahu; KjyPLfSf;Fj; jilahf cs;sd. ,jpy; tu;j;jf uPjpahd cw;gj;jpfis

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd ,lg;gpur;rpid Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. mNj Nghd;W xd;wpize;j

ru;tNjr mgptpUj;jpnahd;Wf;fhd gapw;rp ngw;w njhopyhsu; tsk; ek; ehl;by; ,y;iy.

eilKiwf;Nfw;g GJg;gpf;fg;glhj> njhopyhsu; re;ijfapd; nraw;jpwdw;w jd;ik

Kf;fpakhf Fiwe;jsT ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;G vd;gdTk; jilfshf cs;sd. ,Wf;fkhd

Vw;Wkjp>,wf;Fkjp tupr; rl;lq;fs; njhiyj; njhlu;G> Nghf;Ftuj;J> vupnghUs; tpiyfs;

mjpfupg;G mtw;wpd; juj;jpy; FiwghL vup rf;jp> Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; njhiyj;njhlu;G

cl;fl;likg;Gf;fspd; tsg;gw;whf;Fiwfs; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju tu;j;jf Kaw;rpfSf;fhd

jilfshf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

02. mgptpUj;jpg; gazj;jpd; FWf;fPLfs;


5

2025 mgptpUj;jp Nehf;fpw;fhf vjpu;tUk; %d;whz;Lfspy; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;fhd

FiwghLfisf; fistJ murhq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fhFk;. vjpu;tUk; %d;whz;LfSf;Fs;

jdpegu; tUkhdj;ij 5>000 mnkupf;f nlhyu;fs;tiu cau;j;JtJ vkJ ,yf;fhFk;.

gj;J yl;rk; njhopy;tha;g;Gfs;> Mz;nlhd;Wf;F 05 gpy;ypad; mnkupf;f nlhyu;fs;

tiu me;epa KjyPLfis mjpfupj;Jf;nfhs;tJ> tUlnkhd;Wf;F 20 gpy;ypad;

mnkupf;f nlhyu;fs; tiu Vw;Wkjpfis ,ul;bg;ghf mjpfupj;Jf;nfhs;tJ Nghd;wit

murhq;fj;jpd; Vida ,yf;FfshFk;. vk;khy; fle;j 02 tUl fhyg;gpuptpDs; khj;jpuk;

430>000 njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fis cUthf;fp cs;Nshk;. ,t;thwhd ,ilg;gl;l ,yf;Ffspd;

Clhf 2025k; Mz;lstpy; ek; ehl;il cau; kj;jpa ju tUkhd nghUshjhu ehlhf

tsu;r;rpngwr;nra;tJ vkJ Nehf;fkhFk;.

03. vjpu;tUk; %d;whz;LfSf;fhd nghUsjhu ,yf;Ffs;

mwpit mbg;gilahf

nfhz;l kpfTk; Nghl;bkpf;f r%f re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;Jld;;

,yq;if ,e;Jkh

rKj;jpu

gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

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mwpit mbg;gilahf

nfhz;l kpfTk; Nghl;bkpf;f r%f re;ijg; nghUshjhuj;Jld;;

,yq;if ,e;Jkh

rKj;jpu

gpuhe;jpaj;jpd;

Nfe;jpu epiyakhf

jpfOk;


5

Nghl;br; #oypy; mwpTrhu; Mw;wy;fis mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd topfis

Vw;gLj;JtJ vkJ ,yf;fhFk;. mjd; %yk; Gjpa Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu re;ij

tha;g;Gf;fhd Nghl;bapy; ehKk; Kd;Ndwf; $bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.

r%f re;ijg; nghUshjhu nfhs;iffs; rpwg;ghd epWtdq;fisAk; gykhd re;ij

mikg;igAk;> R%fkhd r%fj;ijAk; cUthf;f cj;Ntfkspf;Fk;. epiyNgwhd

nfhs;iffs; rf;jpkpf;f re;ijf; fl;likg;nghd;iwAk;> ePjpahd r%ff; fl;likg;nghd;iwAk;

Vw;gLj;Jk;. jdpahu; JiwapdUf;Fk; ,jpy; Kf;fpa gq;Fz;L. $ba cw;gj;jpj; jpwidg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;> Gjpa cw;gj;jpKiwfs;> cw;gj;jpfspd; juj;ij mjpfupj;jy; kw;Wk;

KjyPl;L tha;g;Gfis mjpfupj;jy; vd;gdTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba tplaq;fshFk;.

nghUshjhuj;ij Nghl;br; #oy; nfhz;ljhf khw;wpaikg;gjw;F ehk; jdpahu; JiwapdUld;

xd;wpiza Ntz;bAs;sJ. mjd; %yk; ntw;wpfukhd ru;tNjr tha;g;nghd;iw

Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

Nghl;bg; nghUshjhu tha;g;G kw;Wk; r%f eyNdhk;gy; vd;gd Fwpj;j re;ij

tha;g;gpd; nfhs;if tFg;Gfspd; NghJ ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;ba Kf;fpa

tplaq;fshFk;. jw;Nghija kw;Wk; vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdupd; ed;ik fUjp nghUshjhu

kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jp RgPl;rk; kw;Wk; nrsghf;fpaj;ij miltjw;fhd

tha;g;Gfis Vw;gLj;JNthk;. gy;Jiw rhu; Jupj mgptpUj;jpnahd;iw cUthf;fp>

njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jt nraw;jpwd;kpf;f ntspehl;L KjyPl;lhsu;fisf;

ftu;e;J> jukhdJk;> ru;tNjrj;jpy; re;ij tha;g;Gfs; $baJkhd cw;gj;jpfis mjpfupj;J>

mjDld; ,ize;jjhf cs;ehl;bd; jdpahu; gq;fspg;ig tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;tJk; vkJ

Nehf;fhFk;. tsu;;r;rp> jd;dpiwTg;nghUshjhuk; vd;gtw;wpd; epWtd kw;Wk; nfhs;if

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vkJ Nehf;fhFk;.

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murhq;fj;jpd; ,yf;fhFk;. r%fg; nghUshjhu topKiwapy; cr;rj;ij mile;J

nfhs;sf; $ba eLj;ju tu;f;fnkhd;iw cUthf;fp> ePjpahd Kiwapy; mur

njhopy;tha;g;Gfisg;ngw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;> tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jTk;; ehk;

Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;.

kpfTk; gyDs;s rl;l kWrPuikg;Gf;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy; Gjpa cs;ehl;L tUkhdr;

rl;l%yk;> ntspehl;Lr; nryhtzp rl;l%yk;> jkJ tUkhdk; njhlu;gpy; RatpUg;gpy;

jfty; mspf;Fk; rl;l%yk;> mur fhzp kw;Wk; tq;fpr; rl;l%yk;> Fg;igfis fz;lgb

nfhl;Ljy; njhlu;ghd rl;l%yk;> mur tu;j;jf nghJKaw;rpfs; rl;l%yk;> tpkhd epiya

kw;Wk; JiwKfq;fs; rl;l%yk;> U`{iz nghUshjhuf; $l;Lj;jhgd rl;l%yk;> fhzp

(rpwg;G) rl;l%yk;> epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rl;l%yk;> nghWg;Gfis Kfhikj;Jtk;

nra;Ak; rl;l%yk; kw;Wk; Njrpa fld; Kfhikj;Jt rl;l%yk; vd;gd tu;j;jf rpNefg+u;t

#oy; xd;iw Vw;gLj;Jk;. mJ ntw;wpfukhd tu;j;jf Kaw;rpfSf;fhd rpwe;j gpd;GykhFk;.

04. tsu;r;rpf;fhd Gjpa topKiw


5

tsu;;r;rpf;fhd rpf;fy;fs;: mur epjp njhlu;ghd nghWg;G kw;Wk; tuT nryTg;gw;whf;Fiw>

mur fld;fs; ,yq;ifapd; tup tUkhdk; 2015k; Mz;Ltiu njhlu;r;rpahf tPo;r;rpaile;J

nfhz;bUe;jJ. eLj;ju nghUshjhuj;Jld; xg;gpLifapy; Fiwe;jsT tupNa mwtplg;gl;lJ.

tuT nryTg; gw;whf;Fiwia eptu;j;jp nra;a murhq;fk; ngw;Ws;s fld; nkhj;j Njrpa

cw;gj;jpapy; 79.3 tPjj;ij nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. el;lj;jpy; ,aq;Fk; mur epWtdq;fs; jpiwNrupf;F

ngUk; RikahFk;. vdNt 2018k; Mz;lstpy; ntspehl;Lf; fld;fis jpUg;gpr;nrYj;Jtjw;fhf

cWjpkpf;f nghUshjhu fl;L;g;ghLfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ.

05. Nguz;lg;; nghUshjhuj;ij tYg;gLj;jy;

rf;jpkpf;f epjptsk;> nghUj;jkhd epiyahd tpiy kw;Wk; re;ijtha;g;ig

mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l nryhtzp tPjk; vd;gd vkJ Nguz;lg;; nghUshjhuj;jpd;

%d;W Kf;fpa J}z;fshFk;.

eLj;ju mur fld;fis Fiwj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf tUkhd mbg;gilapyhd nghUshjhuf;

fl;likg;nghd;iw NgZjy; ,jd; gpufhuk; tup mwtpLk; Kiw kWrPuikf;fg;gLk;. nkhj;j

Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; tupfs; %ykhd tUkhdk; 16 tPjkhf;fg;gLk;. tupr;rYif> tupePf;fk;

kw;Wk; tpNrl tpfpjhrhuk; vd;gd xOq;fikf;fg;gl;L ePjpahdJk;> nraw;jpwd; kpf;fJkhd

tup mwtpLk; Kiwnahd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. kpfTk; ePjpahd> Kw;Nghf;fhd tupKiwnahd;W

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. jw;NghJ 20:80 tpfpjj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk; kiwKf tupKiwahdJ

40:60 tpfpjkhf khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;. tUkhdj;ij mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf tup

mwtplg;glhj tUkhd topKiwfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.


5

mur nrytpdq;fs; xOq;fikf;fg;gLk; murhq;fj;jpd; mur epjp Kfhikj;Jt nghWg;G

rl;l%yj;jpd; Clhf fl;lha ,yf;Ffis epu;zapj;J tUkhdf; Fiwfs;; kw;Wk; nkhj;j

mur fld;fs; vd;gd xOq;fikf;fg;gLk;. mur nghJnjhopy; Kaw;rpfs; epWtdq;fspd;

cw;gj;jpj; jpwid mjpfupj;J> mtw;iw ,yhgfukhd mikg;Gf;fshf khw;Wjy;> mjw;fhf

mjid kWrPukj;jy;.

tsu;r;rpf;fhd nraw;jpl;lj;ij tYg;gL;j;Jtjw;fhf epiyNgwhd epjptsj;ijg; NgZtJ

murhq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk; eLj;ju kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy jd;dpiwTg; nghUshjhu

,yf;Ffis epu;zapj;J KjyPl;L tha;g;Gfs; mjpfupf;fg;gLk;. 2018k; Mz;L Kjy;

tuT nryTj;jpl;lj;jpy; fLikahd fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpf;fg;gl;L ntspehl;Lf; fld;fis

jpUg;gpr;nrYj;j top nra;ag;gLk;.

cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;Lf; fld;fspd; nghWg;G njhlu;ghd %Nyhgha Kfhikj;Jtk;

Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; 2020k; Mz;lstpy; mur fld;fis nkhj;j Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; 70tPjkhff;

Fiwf;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

gue;jstpyhd mur KjyPl;L tha;g;gpd; Clhf mgptpUj;jpf;fhd KjyPl;L nryT

Kd;Dupik mbg;gilapy; mjpfupf;fg;gLk; ,jw;Nfw;g 2017-2020k; Mz;Lf; fhyg;gFjpapy;

murhq;f KjyPL nkhj;j Njrpa cw;gj;jp 5-6 tPjkhf mjpfhpf;fg;gLk;. fle;j fhyq;fis

Nghd;W fl;blq;fis khj;jpuk; epu;khzpf;fhky; fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> Ma;T kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp>

njhopy;gapw;rpfSf;fhd kdpj ts mgptpUj;jpf;fhf ,e;j KjyPL gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

Nguz;lg;; nghUshjhuj;ij tYg;gLj;jy;


5

fle;j fhyj;jpy; me;epa nryhtzp tpfpjk; ePz;l fhy mgptpUj;jpapy; ghjpg;Ngw;gLj;jpaJ

ghupastpyhd fld;fs; fhuzkhf fl;Lg;ghlw;w gztPf;fk; mjpfupj;jJ. ,yq;if kj;jpa

tq;fpapdhYk; mjid fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kbahkw; NghdJ. mjd; fhuzkhf fld; Rik

mjpfupj;jJ. fld;fisr; nrYj;Jtjpy; rpf;fy;fs; Vw;gl;lJ. fhyk; fle;j epiyapy; mjid

xOq;FKiwg;gLj;j Nkw;nfhz;l Kaw;rpfs; nghUshjhu rf;fuj;jpy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

KjyPl;lhsu;fspd; ek;gpf;ifAk; rpijf;fg;gl;lJ.

Nguz;lg;; nghUshjhuj;ij tYg;gLj;jy;

tpiyf;fl;Lg;ghL Fwpj;J murhq;fk; ftdk; nrYj;Jk; czTg; nghUl;fspd; tpiy

mjpfupg;gpd; fhuzkhf nghJkf;fSf;F Vw;gLk; neUf;fbfisj; jzpg;gjw;F murhq;fk;

,uz;L topfspy; Nghuhl Ntz;ba epiyapy; cs;sJ. cs;ehl;L toq;fy; kw;Wk; tpepNahf

tiyaikg;ig xOq;fikg;gJk;> czTg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; mj;jpahtrpag;nghUl;fis

ntspehLfspypUe;J ,wf;Fkjp nra;J Nghl;b kw;Wk; epaha tpiyapy; tpw;gid

nra;tJ murhq;fk; filg;gpbf;Fk; topKiwnahd;whFk;. mjd; %yk; eLj;ju kw;Wk;

ePz;l fhy mbg;gilapy; tpiyf;fl;Lg;ghl;il Ngzpf;nfhs;s KbAk;. gztPf;fj;ijf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp Kaw;rpfis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ. Fiwe;j

gztPf;fj;ij Ngzpf;nfhs;tjDhlhf nghUshj eltbf;iffisAk; Nghl;bj;jdikfisAk;

Nkk;gLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;.

me;epar;nryhtzp tPjj;ij Nfs;tp epuk;gNyhL jPu;khdpj;jy; nryit ntspf;fhl;Lk;

tifapy; nghUl;fis Nju;Tnra;jy; kw;Wk; tpw;gid nra;jy; ,jd; %yk; eilngWk;.

,yq;ifapd; Vw;Wkjpfis Nghl;b mbg;gilapy; ru;tNjr re;ijapy; Kd;itf;f KbAk;.

kpfTk; nefpo;thd nryhtzp tpfpjk; xd;wpD}lhf ntspehl;L epjpf;ifapUg;ig mjpfupj;J

ntspr;rf;jpfspd; jhf;fj;jpypUe;J nghUshjhuk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.


5

KjyPl;L tha;g;GfSf;fhd FiwghLfs; ,yq;if mgptpUj;jpapd; gpujhd nraw;ghl;lhsu;

jdpahu; KjyPLfshFk;. ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;lhsu; mjw;fhd cWJizia toq;Ffpd;whu;.

KjyPl;L nrad;Kiwapy; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfs; fhuzkhf ghupa epWtdq;fspd; guk;gy;

kw;Wk; Gjpa KjyPLfs; vd;gd gpd;js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;JiwAk;

mNj epiyapy; tPo;r;rpaile;Js;sJ. jdpahu; Jiw tsu;r;rp FWfpg; NghAs;sJ. 2009k; Mz;L

njhlf;fk; ntspehl;L KjyPLfs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f mstpy; tPo;r;rpia vjpu;nfhz;ld. nkhj;j Njrpa

cw;gj;jp 1.1 tPjkhf fhzg;gl;lJ. KjyPl;lhsu;fs; ngUk;ghYk; fhzp> ngUe;Njhl;lj;Jiwfs;

kw;Wk; fyg;G Kaw;rpfspy; KjyPL nra;aj; jiyg;gl;ldu;. vjpu;tUk; fhyq;fspy; jukhd

KjyPl;lhsu;fis ,yq;iff;F mioj;JtUtjw;fhd gpd;Gy xj;Jiog;G toq;fg;gLk;.

rl;l uPjpahd kw;Wk; epu;za NtWghLfs; %yk; tpahghuq;fis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk;

trjpfs; njhlu;ghd G+Nfhs jug;gLj;jy;fspd; mbg;gilapy; ,yq;ifia Kjy; 70

ehLfSf;F cs;thq;fy;. tpahghuj;Jf;F nghUj;jkhd #oiy Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf

kWrPuikg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;tJ mtrpak; vd KjyPl;L kWrPuikg;G nra;tjw;fhd nrayzp

%yk; ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. 20f;Fk; mjpfkhd mur gzpafq;fis xd;wpizj;J Nkyhz;ik

gzpg;gha;tpid etPdkag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; KjyPl;L #oypid tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf

tpahghuq;fis gjpT nra;tjw;fhf Ntz;b jdp EioTld; $ba khjpup xd;wpid

];jhgpg;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

KjyPl;L nfhs;if Kd;khjpup tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf KjyPl;lhsu;fis cw;rhfg;gLj;Jk;

nfhs;ifapid Kiwg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; kWrPuikg;G nra;a cs;Nshk;. tupapy; ,Ue;J

tpLgLgLtjid ,ilepWj;jp tpl;L NtW nraw;wpwid tpUj;jp nra;Ak; nrad;Kiwf;F

nry;tjw;F Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;Gjpa KjyPl;L khjpupapd; %yk; nfhs;if nghUj;jg;ghL

kw;Wk; KO tpahghu #oypidAk; tpUj;jp nra;tjw;F mtrpakhd nrad;Kiwapid

Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLtJ cWjpnra;ag;gLtJld;> ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;lhsu;fis

ftu;tjhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;. cWjpahd epu;zaq;fs; cl;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwahd Cf;Ftpf;Fk;

nrad;Kiwnahd;iw ];jhgpg;gjw;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;T+f;Ftpg;G KjyPl;L topapd;

%yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;w ngsjPf KjyPl;Lld; Neubahf rk;ge;jg;gLj;jg;gLtJld;>

etPd njhopy;El;gk;> Gjpa cw;gj;jpfs; kw;Wk; nkd;nghUs; fk;gdpfSf;fhf nghUj;jkhd

Kiwapy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l Cf;Ftpg;Gfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,t;T+f;Ftpg;Gfs;> ,yq;iff;F

nghUj;jkhd KjyPLfis ftu;e;J nfhs;tjw;fhd Cf;Ftpg;GfSf;F rkdhditahFk;.

06. tsu;r;rpia tYg;gLj;jy;

jdpahu;Jiwapdiu tYg;gLj;jp tsu;r;rp cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;L

KjyPLfSf;fhd Cf;Ftpg;Gk; cj;juthjKk; toq;fg;gLk;. Vw;Wkjpia ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l

Gjpa tu;j;jf nfhs;ifnahd;wpd; %yk; tu;j;jf eltbf;iffs; Gjpa topKiwapy;

Kd;ndLj;Jr;nry;yg;gLk;.


5

tsu;r;rpia tYg;gLj;jy;

mur-jdpahu; $l;L Kaw;rpfs; tYg;gLj;jg;gLk; ePz;l fhy tup xg;ge;jk; kw;Wk;

mur tsq;fSk;> NritfSf;Fg; gjpyhf mur kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;Gld;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; $l;L tu;j;jf eltbf;iffSf;Fk; murhq;fk; Cf;Ftpg;ig toq;Fk;.

mjw;fhd xOq;FgLj;jy;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. Nghf;Ftuj;J> rf;jp tsq;fs;> FbePu;>

fopT Kfhikj;Jtk;> njhopy;Ngl;ilfs; vd;gd Nghd;w nghJtrjpfis mgptpUj;jp

nra;tjw;F murhq;fk; ,e;j Kiwapy; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,Nj topKiwia Rw;Wyh>

nghOJNghf;Ffs;> fy;tp> tpkhdepiyak; kw;Wk; JiwKfq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpYk; filg;gpbf;f

KbAk; vd;W murhq;fk; vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;wJ.

rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Jiwfis xd;wpizj;jy; ,j;njhopw;Jiwia

tsu;j;njLg;gjw;fhf cs;ehl;L jdpahu;Jiwapdu; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLth;. mjw;Fj; Njitahd

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;J Gjpa re;ij tha;g;Gfis Njbf;nfhLf;fTk;

murhq;fk; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. epfo;r;rpj; jpl;l mbg;gilapy; flDjtpfisAk;

tupr;rYiffisAk; toq;Fk;. mwpT kw;Wk; njhopy;Qhdj;ij gupkhwpf; nfhs;tjw;F

Nkyjpfkhf Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp epWtdq;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gk; ,e;j tu;j;jfu;fSf;Fg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

,yq;if Vw;Wkjp re;ijf; nfhs;ifapDs; fhzg;gLfpd;w vjpu;g;G Vw;Wkjp Nghf;F

fhuzkhf jyh Njrpa tUkhdj;jpy; Vw;Wkjp gpupT Fiwe;Js;sJ. ru;tNjr Vw;Wkjpr;

re;ijapy; 2000k; Mz;L ,yq;iff;F 0.9tPjk; kl;LNk tha;g;Gf; fpilj;jpUe;jJ. 2016k;

Mz;lstpy; mJ 0.6 tPjkhf tPo;r;rpaile;jpUe;jJ. cs;ehl;L kjpg;gPl;by; 2000k; Mz;L

33.3 tPjkhf ,Ue;j Vw;Wkjp 2016k; Mz;by; 12.7 tPjkhfpapUe;jJ. Vw;Wkjpapy; ghupa tPo;r;rp

Vw;gl;lJ. mj;Jld; juk; Fiwe;j xUrpy nghUl;fspy; kl;LNk Vw;Wkjp tu;j;jfk; jq;fpAs;sJ.

,j;Jiwapy; gd;Kf Kaw;rpfs; guPl;rpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ru;tNjr re;ij tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk;

Vw;Wkjpia ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l cw;gj;jpfs; Fwpj;J ftdk; nrYj;jg;gltpy;iy.

ehq;fs; Njrpa Vw;Wkjp nrad;Kiwapd; mbg;gilapy; Gjpa tu;j;jf topKiwfis

cUthf;fy; ey;yhl;rp murhq;fk; kpfTk; jhuhska> ntspg;gilahdJk; ek;gpf;ifahdJkhd

tu;j;jf topKiwnahd;iw mwpKfg;gLj;Jk;. ,e;j topKiwapd; fPo; Vw;Wkjpapy; ehl;lk;

nfhz;l ntspehl;L Neub KjyPl;lhsu;fis ftu;e;jpOf;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. tu;j;jfk;

njhlu;ghd Rq;f nraw;ghLfs; ntspg;gilahfTk;> nraw;jpwd; kpf;fjhfTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

ru;tNjr re;ijf;F nghUl;fis mDg;Gtjw;F Vw;w tifapy; jukhd nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;.


5

Rq;fj; jPu;itf; fl;lzq;fs; ,yFgLj;jg;gLk; tu;j;jfu;fSf;fhd Rq;fj; jPu;itf; fl;lzk;

,yFgLj;jg;gLk;. Nghl;bj;jd;ik kw;Wk; tu;j;jf Rje;jpuj;ij tzpfu;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;Fk; Nehf;fpy; ,e;eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

cs;ehl;L epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; Copau;fSf;F rYiffs; cs;ehl;L epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;

mjd; Copau;fSf;F murhq;fj;jpd; Vw;ghl;by; gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gLk;. cs;ehl;L tu;j;jf

Kaw;rpfis Nghl;bj;jd;ikf;F <LnfhLf;Fk; tifapy; khw;wpaikj;jy; ,jd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

Rje;jpu tu;j;jf xg;ge;jq;fs; nghUl;fs;> Nritfs; kw;Wk; KjyPLfs; njhlu;gpy; rPdh>

rpq;fg;g+u; kw;Wk; ,e;jpahTld; Gjpa xg;ge;jq;fisr; nra;J nfhs;s eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

NtW ehLfSlDk; mt;thwhd tha;g;Gfs; Fwpj;Jk; murhq;fk; ftdk; nrYj;Jk;. 6>000

mstpyhd nghUl;fis [Pv];gp gps]; rYif Clhf INuhg;gpa ehLfSf;F Vw;Wkjp

nra;tJ njhlu;gpy; murhq;fk; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. [Pv];gp gps]; rYif

fpl;bAs;sjd; gpd;du; INuhg;gpa re;ijfs; tiu ,yq;ifapd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fis

re;ijg;gLj;jy; njhlu;gpy; murhq;fk; Ngr;Rthu;j;ijfis Nk;wnfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jw;fpilNa

xl;Lnkhj;j Vw;Wkjp Nghl;bf;F jhf;Fg;gpbf;Fk; tifapy; ,yq;if xUjiyg;gl;r tu;j;jf

kWrPuikg;G eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

,yq;if Vw;Wkjp fld; fhg;GWjp $l;Lj;jhgdk; tYg;gLj;jg;gLk; ,yq;if

Vw;Wkjp kw;Wk; ,wf;Fkjp Nrit Nkk;gLj;jNyhL Vw;Wkjpfis mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;s

KbAkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Vw;Wkjpapy; gd;Kfj;jd;ik cUthf;fg;gLk; tu;j;jfk; njhlh;ghd cyfpd; cau; Gyikia

ngw;Wf;nfhLf;f murhq;fk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. Vw;Wkjpia ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; Ngzpf;

nfhs;Sk; tifapy; njhopy;El;g kw;Wk; Gyikr;nrhj;jpid (1PR) mbg;gilahf; nfhz;l

fk;gpa+l;lu; top jPu;Tfs; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ,jw;fhf> mwpTrhu; Gw nra;tpg;G (KPO) kw;Wk; tu;j;f uPjpapyhd Gwr;nra;tpg;G (BPO) eltbf;iffs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.



5

,yq;if ru;tNjr tu;j;jfj;jpd; Nfe;jpu epiyakhFk; ,yq;ifapd; miktplj;ijg;

nghWj;jtiuapy; mJ tu;j;jfg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fis Vw;wp ,wf;Ftjw;fhd

Nfe;jpu epiyakhFk;. mur kw;Wk; jdpahu; tu;j;jk; vd;gJ mjw;fhd topg;ghijahFk;.

mjd; %yk; ru;tNjrj;Jld; ,yFthf nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij

murhq;fk; mwpe;Js;sJ. nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; Nkw;F kw;Wk; fpof;F ,wq;FJiwfis

mjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,yq;if JiwKfq;fspDhlhf cyfpd; fpof;fpw;Fk;

Nkw;Ff;Fkhd tu;j;jf ,izg;ghfTk; Gjpa njhopw;ghl;L Rq;fj;jPu;it cUthf;fg;gLk;.

KOikahd Mw;wYld; Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapid nraw;gLj;jy;; ,yq;ifapd; Rw;Wyhj;JiwahdJ

me;epa nryhtzpia <l;bj;jUk; Kf;fpa tUkhd topKiwfspy; xd;whFk;. Rkhu; 20 ,yl;rk;

Rw;Wyhg; gazpfs; %ykhf 350 Nfhb mnkupf;f nlhyu;fs; <l;lg;gl;L;s;sik mjw;fhd

rhd;whFk;. $Ljy; KjyPLfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;tha;g;Gfs; %ykhf ,j;Jiwia NkYk; mgptpUj;jp

nra;ayhk;. murhq;fj;jpd; mikr;R> epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; ,j;Jiw rhu;e;NjhupilNa fhzg;gLk;

,ilntsp Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; ngUk; gytPdkhFk;. nfhs;if> eyNdhk;Gif nraw;jpl;lq;fs;

fhuzkhfTk;> tu;j;jfj;Jiw KiwNfLfs; kw;Wk; tPo;;r;rp fhuzkhfTk; Rw;Wyhj;JiwahdJ

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f rpy Jiwfspy; kl;LNk nraw;ghl;Lld; fhzg;gl;lJ. kdpjts mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk;

Rw;Wyhj;Jiw Muha;r;rpfspy; FiwghLfs; vd;gd mjd; tsu;r;rpf;fhd jilf;fw;fshFk;.

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; je;jpNuhgha jpl;lj;jpw;Nfw;g nraw;jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;;

,yq;ifapd; ,aw;if kw;Wk; fyhrhu kuGupikfis ntspf;fhl;Lk; Rw;Wyhj;Jiw

mgptpUj;jpapd; Clhf ,yq;ifia Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapy; Kd;dzp ehlhf khw;wpaikf;f KbAk;.

Gjpa Gjpa ehLfspypUe;J Rw;Wyhg; gazpfis jUtpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> Gjpa cw;gj;jpfis

mtu;fSf;F re;ijg;gLj;jTk;> jdpahu; JiwapdUf;F Cf;Ftpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapy; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju tu;j;jf Kaw;rpfs; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

tu;j;jfu;fs; Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; 90% Nritfis toq;Ffpd;wd. me;jtifapy; jq;fs;

njhopw;Jiwia Nkk;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s mtu;fSf;fhd gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gLjy; mtrpakhFk;.



5

fly; kw;Wk; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis Rw;Wyhg; gazpfSf;F toq;Fjy;

cs;ehl;L tpkhd Nritfis Rje;jpukhf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fly; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; glFfs; kw;Wk; ghupa glFfs; Nritfis NkYk; mgptpUj;jp nra;a

Ntz;Lk;. kj;jis Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp tyaj;jpy; fyhrhu kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh tyak; xd;W

jw;NghJ epu;khzpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

Rw;Wyhj;Jiwapd; mgptpUj;jpf;F jdpahu; Jiwapd; <u;g;G nfhOk;G> fhyp>khj;jiw kw;Wk;

jq;fhiyapy; ghuk;gupa kuGupikfshf fUjg;gLk; njhy;nghUs; ngWkjpkpf;f fl;blq;fs;

,jw;Fs; mlq;Fk;. Fwpj;j efuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; Nfhl;ilfs; mt;thwhd ];jyq;fshFk;.

nfhf;fy kw;Wk; khj;jiw gpuNjrq;fs; nfhy;g; tpisahl;Lf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd gpuNjrq;fs;

vd;gjhf ,dk; fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ.

nfhf;fy fly; rhu; E}jdrhiy mt;thwhd ,d;Dk; Xu; ,lkhFk;. ehl;ilr; Rw;wpAs;s

mofhd flw;fiu jtpu ehl;bd; cl;gFjpapy; fyhrhu Kf;Nfhzg; gpuNjrq;fSk; Rw;Wyhg;

gazpfis <u;j;njLf;Fk; ,d;ndhU tyakhFk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; Nghfk;gu fyhr;rhu

kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh kj;jpa epiyak; kw;Wk; kj;js Rw;Wyhjsk; vd;gtw;iw ];jhgpg;gjw;Fk;

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.



5

fhyj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;jhj ,yq;ifapd; fhzpf; nfhs;iffs; rpf;fyhd gpur;rpidfs;

fhuzkhf ,yq;ifapd; fhzp tu;j;jfj;Jiw kjpg;gpoe;J NghAs;sJ. mjpy; tsu;;;r;rp vjidAk;

fhzKbatpy;iy. nraw;jpwDk; mw;Wg; NghAs;sJ. tsu;r;rpAk; mw;Wg; NghAs;sJ. fhzp

cWjpg;gj;jpu gjpTfs;> ePjpkd;w nraw;ghLfspy; fhzg;gLk; FiwghLfs;> cupik njhlu;ghd

rpf;fyhd tpjpfs;> fhzpfs; njhlu;ghd ek;gfkhd jfty; gjpTfs; ,d;ik vd;gd ,jd;

FiwghLfshFk;. ,t;thwhd rpf;fy;fs; fhuzkhf jdpahu; KjyPLfSk; jaf;fj;ijf;

nfhz;Ls;sd. nraw;jpwdhd Kiwapy; fhzpnahd;iwf; nfhs;tdT nra;J nfhs;tJ fbdkhf

cs;sJ. mj;Jld; fhzpfisj;Jz;LgLj;jp tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kiw fhuzkhf xUrpygFjpfspy;

fhzpfs; mwNt ngWkjpaw;witahfpg; NghAs;sd.

07. fhzp> njhopyhsu;fs; kw;Wk; KjyPL

Rw;Wyhj;Jiw mgptpUj;jpia Kd;dpl;L ,j;Jiwfspy; kWrPuikg;Gfis Nkw;nfhs;s

murhq;fk; cj;Njrpj;Js;sJ.

fhzp tu;;j;jfr; re;ijia kWrPuikj;jy; nghJkf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;s fhzpfSf;fhd

cupikfspy; fhzg;gLk; fl;Lg;ghLfs; jsu;j;jg;gLk;. mjw;fhd njspthd cWjpfs;

toq;fg;gLk;. fhzp tu;j;jfj;jpy; jilahf fhzg;gLk; ,e;j tplak; rPuikf;fg;gLk;.

,yq;ifapd; kpfg;ngupa fhzp cupikahsu; murhq;fkhFk;. me;j tifapy; fhzp

tu;j;jfj;jpy; murhq;fKk; xU Nghl;bahsuhf fskpwq;Fk;. Fwpj;j fhzpr;rl;l rPuikg;Gf;F

xd;wpize;j kWrPuikg;G eltbf;if Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. ,k;Kaw;rpf;F trjpfis

toq;Ftjw;fhf Ntz;b fhzp tq;fp ];jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhzp gfpu;e;jspg;gpd; Clhf gue;Jgl;l mgptpUj;jp murhq;fk; ghupa nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jp tyq;fs;; U`{Z kw;Wk; tak;g kw;Wk; nfhOk;G ru;tNjr tu;j;jf epiyakhf

khw;wpaikj;jy;> efu mgptpUj;jpapd; fPo; nkfhnghyp]; nraw;jpl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;jy;

vd;git ,tw;Ws; gpujhdkhditahFk;.


5

njhopyhsu; re;ijapd; FiwghLfs; KJikailAk; kf;fs; njhif fhuzkhf njhopyhsu;

re;ij FWfpf; nfhz;L nry;fpd;wJ. fhyj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;jhj njhopyhsu; rl;lq;fs; fhuzkhf

cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ru;tNjr Nghl;bj;jd;ikapy; tPo;r;rp Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.

njhopy; re;ijapy; ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;G tpfpjj;jpid mjpfupg;gjw;F trjpfis nra;J

nfhLj;jy;. rpwe;j KiwapyhdJk;> midtuhYk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba tifapYk;

gps;isfSf;fhd guhkupg;G trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jy;. jdpahu; JiwapdiuAk; ,izj;Jf;

nfhz;L jha;khUf;fhd epthuz jpl;lq;fs;> gFjp Neu Ntiy tha;g;Gf;fs; kw;Wk;

Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs;> nefpo;r;rpj; jd;ikahd njhopy;tha;g;Gfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;.

jdpahu; Jiw Mw;wy; Nkk;ghL jdpahu; Jiwapd; cw;gj;jpj; jpwid mjpfupf;Fk; Nehf;fpy;

mtu;fSf;F Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd jifikfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.

ntspehl;Lj; njhopy;re;ij cs;ehl;by; njhopyhsu; gw;whf;Fiw epythj Jiwfspy;

kl;Lk; ntspehLfspy; njhopy;tha;g;Gfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd trjpfs; Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhLf;fg;gLk;. Fwpj;j Jiwfs; $Ljyhd me;epar; nryhtzpia <l;bj; jUk; Jiwfshf

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ehl;bd; mgptpUj;jp nrad;Kiwf;F gq;fspg;G nra;tjw;F murhq;fk; ru;tNjrj;jpy;

thOk; ,yq;ifau;fSf;F miog;G tpLj;jy;. ,jd; Clhf cUthfpd;w Nghl;bj;

jd;ikkpf;f re;ijapDs; gy;NtW ed;ikfis ,yq;iff;F ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F KbAk;.

mtw;wpy; jifik gwpkhw;wy; kpfTk; Jupjkile;jJ gpujhdkhFk;. NkYk; ,lk;ngau;e;j

,yq;ifau;fspd; Nritfspid ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhf murhq;fj;jpdhy; jkJ nfhs;ifapy;

jpUj;jk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

fhzp> njhopyhsu;fs; kw;Wk; KjyPL

fhzpfs; njhlu;gpy; tpQ;QhduPjpahd topKiwfs; murhq;fk; fhzp epu;thf

eltbf;iffis Nkk;gLj;jp> etPdkag;gLj;Jk;. Njrpa> tya> gpuNjr uPjpahf fhzpfs;

tifg;gLj;jg;gLk;. fhzpg; gjpTfs; b[pl;ly; Kiwf;F khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;.


5


eyptile;j njhopy;Jiwfs; ,yq;ifapy; 40tPjkhd njhopyhsu;fs; eyptile;j

njhopy;Jiwfspy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. ru;tNjr epakq;fSf;F mikthf murhq;fk; mtu;fspd;

njhopy;fis tifg;gLj;j eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. mjd; %yk; mtu;fspd; njhopYf;fhd

mq;fPfhuj;ij mjpfupj;jyhFk;.

njhopyhsu; kw;Wk; njhopy;toq;Fdu; ,ilNaahd cwT Kiwrhuhj Copau;fSf;fhf

gq;fspg;G Nrkyhg epjpak; cUthf;fg;gLk;. njhopyhsu; kw;Wk; njhopy;toq;Fdu;

,ilNaahd cwT tYg;gLj;jg;gLk;. mjw;fhf njhopy;tha;g;Gr; rignahd;Wk; cUthf;fg;gLk;.

mgptpUj;jp milahj KjyPl;L re;ijapdhy; mgptpUj;jpf;fhf jdpahu; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;G

Fiwtile;Js;sJ. njw;fhrpahtpd; gq;Fr; re;ijapy; nfhOk;G gq;Fr; re;ijahdJ kpff;

Fiwe;j KjyPl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l kw;Wk; Fiwe;jstpyhd

tsq;fs; fhuzkhf ghupa KjyPl;lhsu;fs; NtW ehLfspd; gq;Fr; re;ijfspy; ,Ue;J

kiwKfkhd yhgkPl;Lfpd;wtu;fshf khwpAs;sdu;. ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu mtu;fs;

ngaustpyhd KjyPLfis kl;LNk nfhz;Ls;sdu;.

jdpahu;Jiw KjyPl;Lf;F re;ijtha;g;G mbg;gilapyhd kWrPuikg;G ,jw;fhf

jw;Nghijf;F eilKiwapy; cs;s rl;ljpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; tpjpfs; khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;.

epjpr; re;ijf;fhd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSk;> Neub me;epa KjyPl;L tha;g;GfSk;

cUthf;fpf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

KjyPl;L Kd;Dupik #oy; gq;Fr; re;ij kw;Wk; me;epa nryhtzp Mizf;FO

rl;ltpjpfs; tpiuthf khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;. ,jd; %yk; KjyPl;lhsu;> cw;gj;jpahsu;>

Efu;Nthu; tiyaikg;G gutyhf;fg;gLk;.


5


nfhOk;G JiwKf efupy; ru;tNjr epjp ikaj;jpd; Nritfis toq;Fjy; nfhOk;G

JiwKf efuj;ij Lgha; kw;Wk; rpq;fg;g+u; ,ilapyhd epjpg; gupkhw;w ikakhf mgptpUj;jp

nra;tJ murhq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. rKj;jpu> tpkhd> njhiyj;njhlu;Gj;Jiwfspy;

,yq;ifahdJ ,e;J khrKj;jpuj;jpd; Nfe;jpu epiyakhf khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;.


5

fy;tp kw;Wk; Mw;wy; Nkk;ghl;by; FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;fhf Gyikia

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Nghl;br; re;ij cUthf;fg;gLk; cau;juj;jpy; fy;tp fw;Fk;

khztu;fspy; 10 tPjkhNdhNu ,e;ehl;bd; gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;fhd tha;g;igg; ngWfpd;wdu;.

Mw;wy; FiwghL kw;Wk; nghUj;jg;ghbd;ik vd;gd mtu;;fs; kj;jpapy; cs;s gpur;rpidahFk;.

mjhtJ mtu;fs; ngWk; fy;tpf;Fk; njhopy;tha;g;Gf;Fk; nghUj;jk; ,Uf;fhJ. 2014-15k;

Mz;Lfspy; fzdp kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;Jiwapy; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; cs;thq;fg;gl;ltu;fspd;

nkhj;j gy;fiyf;fof GJKf khztu;fspy; 5 rjtPjj;Jf;Fk; Fiwthf ,Ue;jJ.

midtUf;Fk; 13 tUlk; fy;tp eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLg;gjw;fhf trjpfs; nra;J

nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ghlrhiyf; fy;tpapd; gpd;du; khztu;fs; cau;fy;tp> njhopy;fy;tp my;yJ

njhopy;tha;g;Gfis ehbr; nry;fpd;wdu;. vjpu;tUk; fhyj;jpy; f.ngh.j. rhjhuz juj;jpd;

gpd;du; midj;J khztu;fSf;Fk; njhopy; gapw;rpfs; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fg;gLk;. ghlrhiy

MNyhridf; FOf;fis mikj;J fy;tpj;Jiw kWrPuikf;fg;gLk;.

fy;tpf;fhd tha;g;Gfis mjpfupj;jy; murhq;fg; gy;fiyf;fofq;fSf;F cs;thq;fg;gLk;

khztu;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupj;J jukhd jdpahu; gy;fiyf;fofq;fis cUthf;f

Cf;Ftpg;gJk; murhq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. mur-jdpahu; khjpup ru;tNjr juj;jpyhd

gy;fiyf;fofq;fis epWtp nghUshjhuk;> mgptpUj;jp> Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; njhopy;Jiw rhu;

Neubg; gapw;rpfis toq;FtJ murhq;fj;jpd; Nehf;fkhFk;. jdpahu; gy;fiyf;fofq;fspy;

gapYk; khztu;fSf;fhf tl;bapy;yhf; fld; Kiwik Vw;fdNt Muk;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

jdpahu; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;Gld; njhopw;gapw;rp Ntiytha;g;gpd;ik kw;Wk; jifik Fiw

njhopy;tha;g;Gfs; $Ljyhf fhzg;gLk; khtl;lq;fspy; $Ljyhd njhopw;gapw;rp epiyaq;fs;

epWtg;gLk;. mjw;fhf murhq;fj;jpd; tsq;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

08. r%f nghUshjhu cl;fl;;likg;G trjpfs;

fy;tpahdJ Mw;wy; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu Nritfis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l cl;fl;likg;G

trjpfs;> b[pl;ly; kw;Wk; etPd trjpfs; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.


5

r%f nghUshjhu cl;fl;;likg;G trjpfs;

tu;j;jf jpwikfis ntspf;fhl;l ,isQu;fSf;F tha;g;gspf;fg;gLk; ru;tNjr njhopy;

re;ijapy; gy;tifahd njhopy;tha;g;Gfisf; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd njhop;w;jifikfis

murhq;fk; ,isQu;fSf;Fg; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk;. jdpahu; Jiwapd; gq;fspgg;Gld;

,isQu;fSf;fhd MNyhrid kw;Wk; gapw;rpfs; toq;fg;gLk;.

njhopy;tha;g;Gfis cUthf;Fk; JiwapdUf;F xj;Jiog;G nraw;ghl;L uPjpahf

khztu;fSf;Fj; njhopw;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;J mtu;fspd; Mw;wy;fis Nkk;gLj;Jk;

epWtdq;fSf;F murhq;fj;jpd; xj;Jiog;G toq;fg;gLk;.

Rfhjhug; ghJfhg;ig mjpfupj;jy; jdpahu; Jiwapd; kUj;Jt Nritfs; kPjhd

xOq;FgLj;jy; gytPdkhdjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jdpahu; kUj;Jtj;Jiwapdu;

tNahjpfu;fSf;fhd Rfhjhu Nritfspd; NghJ mjpf fl;lzk; mwtpLfpd;wdu;. vdNt ,J

njhlu;gpy; nrythFk; njhif kw;Wk; tpjpfs; njhlu;gpy; kWrPuha;T nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;.

2014k; Mz;L njhw;whj Neha;fs; fhuzkhf kuzj;ijj; jOtpatu;fspd; vz;zpf;if 75

tPjkhFk;. nghJkf;fspd; Rfhjhuj; NjitfSf;fhf nkhj;jj; Njrpa cw;gj;jpapy; 3-4 tPjk;

tiu nrytplg;gl;bUe;jJ. jdpahu; Jiwapdupd; nrytpdq;fs; ,jpy; cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy.

njhw;whj Neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfs; tYg;gLj;jg;gLk; njhw;whj Neha;fis

Fzg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd nraw;ghL murhq;fj;jpdhy; ehd;F tifahf tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Gif kw;Wk; kJghdg; gof;fk;> cly;gUkd;> Jupj czTtiffs;> clw;gapw;rpaw;w tho;f;if

Kiw vd;gd kdpju;fSf;Fg; ngUk; Mgj;jhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.


5


capu; nfhy;yp rpWePuf tpahjp epthuz Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhf ehk; epjpAjtp

toq;FNthk;. ,e;Neha;f;fhd rpfpr;irf;Fj; Njitahd trjpfspy; fle;j tUlk;

30-50 tiuahd Njitg;ghLfs; g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ. cyfpd; jiyrpwe;j Ma;T

epiyaq;fSld; ,ize;J ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;jTk; Copau;fisg; gapw;Wtpf;fTk;

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. FbePupd; juk; Fwpj;J gupNrhjpg;gjw;fhd mEuhjGuj;jpy;

Ma;T $lk; xd;Wk; epWtg;gl;lJ. mjd; %yk; jz;zPupy; fdkhd cNyhfq;fs; fye;jpUg;gJ

fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. ,jd; %yk; KOikahd nraw;ghLfs; 2017 ,y; epiwTngWk;

vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpwJ.

kJghdg; ghtid njhlu;ghd Gjpa rl;lq;fs;; ru;tNjr Vw;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy;>

kJghdj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w Nghijapd; mstpw;F mika kJghd tupapid mwtpLtjw;F

VJthd tifapy; Fwpj;j rl;lj;ij jpUj;jk; nra;tJ kw;Wk; rl;l tpNuhj Nghijg;nghUs;

ghtidia Fiwj;jy;.

,yj;jpudpay; kUj;Jtj; jfty; Nrit jdpegu; kw;Wk; FLk;g mikg;Gfspd; kUj;Jtj;

jfty;fis ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; Vw;gLk; rpukq;fs; fhuzkhf Neha;epiyikfspd; NghJ

rpfpr;iraspg;gjpy; rpukq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;fhf midj;Jg; gpui[fSf;Fk; kUj;Jt

ml;ilnahd;iw toq;f murhq;fk; jPu;khdpj;Js;sJ. jdpahu; gpuptpdupd; xj;Jiog;Gk; ,jw;F

ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

midj;Jg; gpui[fSf;Fk; kUj;Jt trjpfis cWjpg;gLj;jy; midj;Jg; gpui[fSf;Fk;

mtru Mgj;Jfspd; NghJ kUj;Jtkidapy; mDkjpg;gjw;F Kd;gjhf mtuJ capiug;

ghJfhf;Fk; tifapyhd KjYjtpfis toq;f murhq;fk; eltbf;if vLj;Js;sJ.

,e;jpahtpd; Rtnrupa Mk;Gyd;]; Nrit 2016y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. 1990 ,yf;fj;ij

miog;gjd; Clhf ,e;j Nritia cldbahf ,ytrkhf ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

ehL KOtjpYk; ,jid tpupTgLj;j eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.


5

cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspd;ik fhuzkhf mgptpUj;jpapy; jil mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy;

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ghupasthd nraw;jpl;lq;fs; gytPdkhd Jiwfs; kw;Wk; epjp vd;gd

fhuzkhf Njhy;tpiaj; jOtpAs;sd. Nghf;Ftuj;J cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;> khefu

kw;Wk; Nky;khfhz mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk;> khj;jiw rhyp kTz;l; v];Nll; njhopw;Ngl;il>

jpUNfhzkiy> `k;ghe;Njhl;il> fSj;Jiw> rPjhtf;if njhopw;Ngl;ilfs;> nfutyg;gpl;ba

Nf]; epiyak; kw;Wk; kpjf;Fk; ,wq;FJiwAk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis Nkk;gLj;JKfkhf

Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l jpl;lq;fshFk;.

mbg;gil trjpfis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l Nghf;Ftuj;J gpuptpw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

KjyPl;L trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jy; gz;lhufk> tTdpah> vk;gpypg;gpl;ba> Fspahg;gpl;ba>

Vwht+u; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; epWtg;gl;;Ls;s nghUshjhu tyaq;fs; KjyPl;L tha;g;Gfis

mjpfupf;Fk;. fsdp ghyk; cl;gl 70 ghyq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy; my;yJ ];jhgpg;gjd;

%yk; murhq;fj;jpdhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT Nghf;Ftuj;J Jiwapy; mgptpUj;jp

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. NkYk;> Gifapuj tPjpfs; etPdkag;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;jy;

MfpaitAk; jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ. khj;jiw kw;Wk; fjpu;fhkk; Mfpa efuq;fSf;F ,ilapy;

Gjpa Gifapuj tPjpnahd;W epu;khzpf;fg;gLtJ mjw;F rpwe;j vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;.

murhq;fk; nghUshjhu Eiothapy;fis ];jhgpj;Js;sJ. ,yq;ifapd; midj;J

,dj;jtu;fSk; ed;ik ngWk; tifapy; ,e;j nghUshjhu Eiothapy; mikf;fg;gLk;.

– njd;Nkw;F nghUshjhug; ghij> mjpNtfg;ghijia gad;gLj;jp fhyp> `k;ghe;Njhl;il>

nkhduhfiy kw;Wk; fz;b – nfhOk;igAk; ,izf;fpd;wJ. mjd; ,uz;lhk; fl;lk;

nghJn`u njhlf;fk; jk;Gs;is tiuapyhd gFjpia ,izf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jg; nghUshjhug;

ghij jw;Nghijf;F nfhOk;G fl;Lehaf;f kw;Wk; kj;jis tpkhdepiyak;>

nfhOk;G-`k;ghe;Njhl;ilj; JiwKfq;fs; tiu apyhd gFjpfia ,izf;fpd;wJ.

– tlfPo; nghUshjhug; ghij tlf;F kw;Wk; fpof;F khfhzq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpf;F

topnra;Js;sJ. nkhuf`fe;ij kw;Wk; ky;tj;JXah ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lJk;

mjd; KOikahd gyd;fpl;Lk;.

– Etnuypah kw;Wk; gJis khtl;lq;fis njhlu;GgLj;jp tptrha kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhj;Jiw

nghUshjhu tyak; xd;W cUthf;fg;glTs;sJ. fz;b-nfhOk;G mjpNtfg; ghij>

kj;jisapypUe;J njd;dpyq;if mjpNtfg; ghijAk; ,jDld; ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ..

– nfhOk;G - jpUNfhzkiy nghUshjhug; ghij njhopy;El;g mgptpUj;jpf;F topnra;Js;sJ.

midtUf;Fk; Rj;jkhd FbePu; kw;Wk; Rfhjhu Nritfs; rpWePuf Neha; fhuzkhf gutyhf ghjpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gpuNjrq;fisAk; ftdj;jpw; nfhz;L Njhl;lg;Gwq;fs;> fpuhkq;fs;> rpWefuq;fs; cs;spl;l midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fspYk; Foha;fs; %ykhd Rj;jkhd FbePiu

tpepNahfpf;Fk; eltbf;if njhlu;gpy; murhq;fk; ftdk; nrYj;jpAs;sJ. fw;gpl;bapy; ePupy;

,Ue;J cg;Gj; jd;ikia gpupj;njLf;Fk; nraw;ghl;by; murhq;fKk; jdpahu; JiwAk;

,ize;J nraw;gLfpd;wd. ntyptpl gpuNjrj;jpYk; FbePu; tpepNahf nraw;jpl;lnkhd;W

Muk;gpf;fg;glTs;sJ.



5

fpuhkpa tUkhdk; Fiwe;j> eLj;ju tu;f;fj;jpdUf;fhf tPlikg;Gj;jpl;;lk; Nky;khfhzj;jpy;

kl;Lk; tPby;yhj kf;fs; njhif vz;zpf;if 24 yl;rkhFk;. murhq;fKk; jdpahu; JiwAk;

,ize;J fhzp kw;Wk; epjp KjyPl;by; tPlikg;Gj;jpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLf;fTs;sd.

Njhl;lg;Gw tPlikg;Gj;jpl;lq;fisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s murhq;fk; eltbf;if vLj;Js;sJ.

nghJg;Nghf;Ff;fhd Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis Nkk;gLj;jy; nghOJNghf;F ,lq;fs;

kw;Wk; Vida trjpfSk; nfhz;ljhf Nghf;Ftuj;J ikaq;fis cUthf;fTs;sjhf

murhq;fk; mwptpj;Js;sJ. Ntahq;nfhil njhlf;fk; ghze;Jiw tiuapyhd kpd;rhu nuapy;

Nghf;Ftuj;J> fsdpg; nuapy; ghijia ,ul;ilg; ghijahf khw;wpaikg;gJld;> jk;Gs;is

Clhf FUzhfiyapy; ,Ue;J `guz tiuahd Gjpa Gifapujg; ghijAk; mikf;fg;gLk;.

Ng&e;JfSf;fhd Kd;Dupik topg;ghijfis mwpKfg;gLj;JtJ> Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;fhd Gjpa Kiwfs; mwpKfk; vd;gdTk; ,jpy; cs;slq;Fk;.

nfhOk;G efuj;ij ikag;gLj;jp nkl;Nuh uapy; vDk; ngaupy; ,yFuap;y; Nritnahd;W

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;. MWtopg;ghijfisf; nfhz;l ,e;jg; Gifapuj Nritapd; jpl;lkply;

eltbf;iffs; kpf tpiutpy; epiwT ngWk; vd;W murhq;fk; mwptpj;Js;sJ.

khefu mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lj;jpw;F ,irthf ePz;lfhy fl;likf;fg;gl;l Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;;fhd

gpujhd jpl;lj;ijj; Jupjg;gLj;JNthk;. khefu mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lj;jpd;fPo; tUfpd;w Kf;fpa

mgptpUj;jp nray;Kidg;ngdpy;;> gy;khjpup Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;fhd epiyankhd;iw mikj;jy;>

Gifapuj Nrit kpd;D}l;lYk; etPdkakhf;fYk;; mur> jdpahu;> gq;fhz;ik mbg;gilapy;;

fopTnghUs;fspypUe;J vuprf;jpg; gpwg;ghf;f fUj;jpl;lq;fs;> nfhOk;Gj; JiwKfj;jpd; fpof;F>

Nkw;F ,wq;FJiwfs; mgptpUj;jp> mwptpay; g+q;fhf;fis epWTjy;> gz;lhuehaf;f ru;tNjr

tpkhd epiyaj;ij etPdkag;gLj;jy; mlq;fyhd rpy fUj;jpl;lq;fshFk;. mNjNghy;> fsdp

Mw;Wg;gs;sj;jhf;fpy; nts;s ePu;f; fl;Lg;ghL Nghd;w khefu tyaj;jpDs; nts;s ePu; mghaj;

jzpg;Gf;; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; Jupjg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

ehLg+uhTk; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju msthd cl;fl;likg;G trjpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fis

mikj;J-Kd;ndLj;J-xg;gilf;Fk; khjpupKiwia murhq;fk; Cf;Ftpf;Fk;. ,Wjpapy;

murhq;fj;jpw;F xg;gilf;fg;gLk; Nehf;Fld; murhq;fj;jpw;F Fj;jif tplf;$ba tpjj;jpy;

rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju msthd cl;fl;likg;G trjpf; fUj;jpl;lq;fis mikg;gjw;F jdpahu;

Jiwia gyg;;gLj;JNthk;.

jw;NghJ murhq;fj;jpdhy; fl;blq;fSf;fhf ngUk; njhifg;gzk; nrytplg;gLk; fy;tp>

Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; Vida Jiwfspy; ,f;fUj;jpl;lq;fs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;. murhq;fj;jpdhy;

fl;Lkhd eltbf;iffspypUe;J kPjg;gLj;jg;gLk; %yjdk; njhopy;El;gtpaiy

Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;Fk; mwpT tpUj;jpf;Fk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; KjyPL nra;ag;gLk;.


PROOF

534 2025 JhuNehf;F

guhf;fpukghF murdpd; fhyj;jpYk;

,yq;ifahdJ> ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpd;

Nguz;lg; nghUshjhu Nfe;jpu

epiyakhf fhzg;gl;ljhf tuyhW

rhl;rp gfu;fpd;wJ. 2025 JhuNehf;F %yk;> kPz;Lk; mt;thwhd tskhd

Afj;ij Nehf;fp efu;tjw;F ehq;fs;

vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.

PROOF

5 2025 JhuNehf;F 35

`k;ghe;Njhl;il

JiwKfk;

kj;jis

tpkhdepiyak;

`k;ghe;Njhl;il

Foha; top KjyPL

(Rj;jpfupg;G/LNG vupthA/fg;gy; gl;liw/rpnkz;l;/J}z;fs;)tu;j;jf tyak;

rPjhtf;if tu;j;jf

tyak; - fSj;Jiw

tu;j;jf tyak;

rPjhtf;if tu;j;jf

tyak; - fSj;Jiw

nfhOk;G JiwKfk; -

fpof;F Kidak;/Nkw;F Kidak;

U`{Z nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jp gpuNjrk;

tu;j;jf tyaq;fs; kw;Wk;

kj;jis Rw;Wyh tyak;

Foha; top Rw;Wyh Ntiyj;jpl;lk;

- nfhOk;G JiwKfj;jpy; cs;s

ghuk;gupa fl;blq;fs;

- njj;Jt fhy;tha; kw;Wk; mf;Fuy

- fhyp JiwKfj;jpYs;s Nkyjpf fl;blq;fs;

- fhyp rpiwr;rhiy fhzpfs;

- fhyp fg;gy; njhFjp

- nfhf;fy fly; tpkhd mUq;fhl;rpafk;

- nfhf;fy nfhy;g; jply;

- khj;jiw nfhy;g; jply;

- khj;jiw JiwKfj;jpy; cs;s

ghuk;gupa fl;blq;fs;

- jq;fy;iy JiwKfk;

- fyhr;rhu Kf;Nfhz Rw;Wyh

tpupthf;fj; jpl;lk;

cs;sf

tpkhd Nrit

tl khfhzj;jpy; epiyahd kPd;tsu;g;G

mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk;

kd;dhu; jfty; njhopy;El;g G+q;fh

aho;g;ghzk;-fpspnehr;rp ePu; toq;fy; jpl;lk;

(fly; ePu; cg;G ePu;g;ghrdk;)

fg;gy;fs; kw;Wk;

gazpfs; fg;gy;fs;

Nky;khfhz ghupa

mgptpUj;jp

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs;

jpUNfhzkiy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp gpuNjrk;

tTdpah gy;fiyf;fof

mgptpUj;jp

tlNky; tpNrl nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp gpuNjrk;

- ,uztpy Rw;Wyhj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp

- fy;gpl;b Rw;Wyhj;Jiw mgptpUj;jp

- gpq;fpupa tyak;

- Fypahg;gpl;bat yak;

tlkj;jpa khfhz mgptpUj;jp

- ky;tj;J Xah Ntiyj;jpl;lk;

- gpgpjK nghyd;dWit Ntiyj;jpl;lk;

Nghfk;gu fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; Rw;Wyh jsk;

Ntshz;ik njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; jfty;

njhopy;El;gj;Jf;fhd fz;b mgptpUj;jp jpl;lk; fz;b

mgptpUj;jp

jpl;lk;

nfutygpl;ba vy;vd;[p

jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk;

kpjf;Fk; Kidak;

tlf;F mjpNtfg;ghij

khj;jiw-fjpu;fhk

Gifapujg; ghij

,ul;il

topahf;fg;gLk;

fsdpg;gs;sj;jhf;F

uapy;ghij

,yFuapy; Kidak;

nkhuf`fe;j

mgptpUj;jpj;jpl;lk;

aho;g;ghz Kd;khjpup efu mgptpUj;jp

njd;fpof;Fg;

gy;fiyf;fof

mgptpUj;jp

ePupay;ts cw;gj;jp

njhopy;tyak;

nkd;ikahd

cs;fl;likg;G

tsu;r;rp


5

tpQ;Qhd njhopy;El;gj; Jiwfs; ke;jepiy mile;Js;sd. ,Jtiu gad;gLj;jg;glhj

njhopy;El;gj;jpy; cau; juk; tha;e;j nkd;nghUs;fSf;F (Technologically Advanced High Quality Software Products) cyfshtpa mstpy; ghupanjhU Nfs;tp epyTfpwJ.

cw;gj;jpj;Jiwf;F mtrpakhd njhopy;El;gj;ij tpUj;jpnra;tjpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l nfhs;iffspYk;

cghaKiwfspYk; FiwghL epyTfpwJ. kUe;Jg;nghUl;fs;> ,yj;jpudpay;> kUj;Jt

cgfuzq;fs;> thfd cjpupg;ghfq;fs; njhlu;gpy; xj;Jiog;Gk; fupridAk; Fiwthff;

fhzg;gLtJld;> njhiff;fzpg;G kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp gw;wpa mwpTepiyAk; Fiwthf cs;sJ.

vt;thwhapDk;> jdpahu;JiwapdH Fwpj;j Jiwapy; <LgLtjw;fhf Cf;Ftpg;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ

2016 mstpy; ,yq;ifapd; jfty; njhopy;El;g mwpT kl;lk; 27.5% rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ.

,iza trjpfs; 15.1% rjtPjj;jpdUf;F kl;LNk fhzg;gl;lJ. ePz;lfhykhf njhopy;El;g

Nritfs; JiwahdJ jfty; njhopy;El;gj; Jiwapd; nry;thf;Ff;F cl;gl;;bUe;jJ. nraw;if

kjpEl;gk;> juTg; gFg;gha;T> cau; juj;jpyhd njhopy;El;g Nritfs; Nghd;w njhopy;El;g

GjpJfhz;ly;fis Cf;Ftpg;gjd; kPjhd ftdk; FiwthfNt cs;sJ. nghUshjhu

GjpJfhz;ly; mwptpd; kPjike;j tzpf njhopy;Kaw;rpfspd;ghy; jpUk;GtJ mtrpakhdjhFk;.

cfe;j ntspehl;Lj; njhopy;El;gq;fis ,yq;iff;Fj; jpUg;Gtij Cf;Ftpf;Fk;

nraw;ghl;Lj; jpl;lnkhd;iw Kd;itg;Nghk;. Njrpa kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk;tha;e;j

gpur;rpidfisr; re;jpg;gjw;F ,t;thwhd njhopy;El;g KjyPLfis <LgLj;jpf;nfhs;syhk;.

b[pl;ly; njhopy;El;gj;jpy; jdpahu;Jiw KjyPLfis ehk; Kidg;ghf Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;.

NuhNgh njhopy;El;gk;> irgu; ,ilntsp Ma;T> ,yj;jpudpay; Nghd;w tsu;e;JtUk;

ifj;njhopy;fSf;F cjTKfkhf Cf;Ftpg;Gf; nfhLg;gdTfis toq;FNthk;. jdpahu;JiwAld;

njhlh;GgLtjw;F fy;tp epWtdq;fis Cf;Ftpj;J> cau; njhopy;El;gj;ij mgptpUj;jpnra;tjw;F

cjtpaspg;Nghk;. Gjpa fk;gdpfs;F re;ijapy; gpuNtrpg;gij mjpfupg;gjw;F gy;njhopy;El;gq;fis

xd;WNfhu;j;jYk; cyfshtpa Gjpa fk;gdpfspd; tiyaikg;Gld; njhlu;GgLj;Jtjw;Fkhd

trjpfis toq;FNthk;. jdpahu;Jiwf;F b[pl;ly; vjpu;fhy Ntiyj;jsq;fs;> tzpf kw;Wk;

fl;Lkhd eltbf;iffis Kw;$l;bNa jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;s Cf;Ftpg;gspg;Nghk;.

09. njhopEl;gtpaYk; b[pl;ly;kakhf;fKk;

cyfshtpa mstpy; Nghl;bapLtjw;Fk; vz;zpyf;f (b[pl;ly;) uPjpahf gyg;gLj;jg;gl;l

nghUshjhunkhd;iw Nehf;fpg; gazpg;gjw;Fk; b[pl;ly; kw;Wk; Ntfkhf tsh;r;rpaile;JtUk;

njhopy;El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jtij Cf;Ftpf;FKfkhf cghaKiwfis Nkk;gLj;JtJ

ehl;Lf;F mtrpakhdjhFk;. nryT Fiwe;j b[pl;ly; #oy; njhFjpfs; Fwpg;ghf>

Ranjhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fisAk; rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju msthd njhopy; Kaw;rpahsu;fisAk;

Cf;Ftpj;J> ehl;bd; cs;sf tsu;r;rpAk; njhopy; cUthf;fKk; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;.


5

njhopEl;gtpaYk; b[pl;ly;kakhf;fKk;

jfty; njhopy;El;gf; ifj;njhopypy; jdpahu;Jiw KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;. jfty;

njhopy;El;gf; ifj;njhopypy; td;nghUs; ifj;njhopy;fSf;F b[pl;ly; cjpupg;ghfq;fspd;

cw;gj;jpiaAk; xUq;FNru;j;jy; nraw;ghLfisAk; Kd;ndLj;Jr;nry;tjw;F cjtpaspg;Nghk;.

Nrit toq;Feu;fSf;F jFe;j KjyPl;Lr; #onyhd;iw Vw;gLj;JNthk;. cau; nkd;nghUs;

kw;Wk; td;nghUs; mgptpUj;jpapy; cau; gapw;rpg; ghlnewpfis Kd;itg;gjw;F jdpahu; fy;tp

epWtdq;fis Kidg;ghf Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;.

jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopy;El;g mwpit ghlrhiy ghltpjhdj;jpy; cl;Nru;g;Nghk;.

Fwpg;ghf. fpuhkg;Gwq;fspd; Fwpj;j gzpf;F mtrpakhd njhopy;El;g cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis

toq;FNthk;. Muk;gkhf ghlrhiy ghltpjhdj;jpy; jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;ij

cl;Nru;g;gJ jpwd;fs; Fiwe;j njhopyhsu;fs; my;yJ Kiwrhuhj; Jiwapd; Ntiyahsu;fs;

vd;w tifapy; ,sk; jiyKiwapdu; ciog;Gr; re;ijapy; Nru;tjw;fhd cau; tPjk;

fhuzkhf vof;$ba jpwd; ,ilntspiaf; Fiwg;gjpy; JiztUk;.

,ytr it-ig tyaq;fis toq;Ftjw;Fk;; ,izatop EioT trjpfis

tp];jupg;gjw;fhd trjpfis Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;Fk; Cf;Ftpg;Gf; nfhLg;gdTfis

toq;FNthk;. gpui[fis tYt+l;Lk;> njhlu;Gfis tpUj;jpnra;Ak; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;fPo;

murhq;fj;jpdhy; Nkw;gb eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;. nghUshjhuj;jpy; b[pl;ly;kakhf;f

kl;lj;ij mjpfupg;gjw;F Fiwe;j tpiyapy; ,iza trjpfis toq;Ftjw;F

mtrpakhjyhy;> re;ijapYk; xOq;FgLj;jypYk; epyTk; jilfis murhq;fk; mfw;Wk;.

Njrpa b[pl;ly; milahs nray;Kidg;G njhlu;e;Jk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. mur kw;Wk;

jdpahu;Jiw Nrit toq;Feu;fspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; b[pl;ly; nfhLf;fy;thq;fy;fSf;F cfe;j

xU #oYf;fhd topiaj; jpwe;JtpLk; jdpj;Jtkhd ,yj;jpudpay; milahsj;Jld; $ba

milahs ml;ilnahd;wpd; %yk; b[pl;ly; jsk; xd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;F eltbf;if

vLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j ,yj;jpudpay; milahs ml;ilia b[pl;ly; Mtzq;fspy;

ifnahg;gkpLk;NghJk; nfhLg;gdT eltbf;iffspd;NghJk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. Njrpa

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Kfhikj;Jt kw;Wk; fz;fhzpg;G tpidj;jpwid mjpfupj;J kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghd nfhLf;fy;

thq;fy;fSf;F topaikf;Fk;.

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mtrpakhd mbg;gil %y Nritfis tpidj;jpwdhd tpjj;jpy; toq;Ftjw;F

];khu;l; fofq;fs;> ,-fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; Nghd;w gpui[fspd; ,ay;jpwd;fisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fis Muk;gpg;Nghk;.


5

njhopEl;gtpaYk; b[pl;ly;kakhf;fKk;

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(Markiting InterFaces) gyg;gLj;JNthk;. Fwpg;ghf. rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju msthd

njhopy;Kaw;rpfSk; mlq;fyhf cs;Su; cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;F ghupa cyf re;ijapy;

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tptrhapfis b[pl;ly;; tptrha njhopy;Kaw;rpfspy; gpuNtrpf;fr;nra;Ak; nghUl;L

nry;yplj; njhiyNgrpia mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l Nrit Cf;Ftpg;gpd; fPo; jfty;

njhlu;ghly; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; Clhf gyg;gLj;jg;gl;l> Kd;Ndwpa tptrha Nritfis

murhq;fk; Cf;Ftpf;Fk;.

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eltbf;iffSf;fhf elkhLk; nfhLg;gdTKiwfspd; nraw;ghLfs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;.

,jd; %yk; rpwpa msthd njhopy;Kaw;rpfSf;Fk; Fiwe;j tUkhdk; ngWNthUf;Fk;

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etPd njhopy;El;g Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jk; Mw;wiy mjpfupg;gjw;Fk; trjpfs; Vw;gLk;.

gjpT> xOq;FgLj;jy;> gpur;rpidfSf;Fj; jPu;T vd;gtw;iw kpfr; rpwg;ghf

Kfhiknra;af;-$bathW ,yq;if Njrpa Gyikr;nrhj;J mYtyfk; gyg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

Gjpa juj;jpyhd ntspehl;Lj; njhopy;El;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F GjpJfhz;ly;

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk; vd;gJld;> mt;thwhd mZFKiwnahd;Wf;F tpidj;jpwdhd>

gaDWjptha;e;j Gyikr; nrhj;J Kfhikj;Jt Kiwnahd;W Njitg;gLk;.

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gyg;gLj;jg;gLk;.


5

tWikf;Fk; Jd;gj;jpw;Fk; cs;shff;$ba kf;fSf;F mtrpakhd xj;Jiog;ig

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epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; fpilahJ. murhq;f Copau;fSf;fhd Xa;t+jpaj; jpl;lk; khj;jpuNk>

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Kiwapy; ,yf;fplg;gltpy;iy.

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kWrPuikg;GfSk; mtrpakhfpd;wd.

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toq;Ftjw;Fk; cupa kWrPuikg;Gfs; murhq;fj;jpdhy; nghWg;Ngw;fg;gLk;. ahtUf;Fk;

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vk;khy; tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.

10. r%fg; ghJfhg;G tiyg;gpd;dy;fs;

nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;fhd murhq;fj;jpd; mu;g;gzpg;gpw;F epfuhf ,yq;ifapy; thOk;

kpfTk; eyptile;j kf;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; mu;g;gzpg;nghd;Wk; cs;sJ.


5

r%fg; ghJfhg;G tiyg;gpd;dy;fs;

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gadhspfisj; njupTnra;tjw;fhd njspthd> jfFjpahd msTNfhy;fs; nghUs;tiuaiw

nra;ag;gLk;. tUkhd cUthf;Fif Mw;wiy Vw;gLj;Jk; Ez;epjp ghfq;fisAk;

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khw;Wj; jpwdhspfSf;F njhopy;tha;g;GfisAk; fy;tp kw;Wk; murhq;f NritfSf;fhd

mZFtopiaAk; mjpfupg;Nghk;. khw;Wj;jpwdhspfSf;F RahjPdkhfTk; jd;dk;gpf;ifAlDk;

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vd;gJld;> nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspy; Kidg;Gld; <Lglf;$ba Mw;wy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.


5

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mgptpUj;jpnra;tjd; %yk; KO tsu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; murhq;fj;jpdhy;

tptrha kWrPuikg;Gfs; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. fhyepiy khw;wq;fis milahsk; fz;L

#ow;ghJfhg;gpw;Fk; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; vuprf;jp NgZiff;Fk; Kd;Dupik mspf;fg;gLk;.

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tWikepiyAk; Vw;gl Jhz;LNfhshf mikfpd;wJ. juj;ij tpUj;jpnra;j NghJk;> muprp

mlq;fyhf cs;Supy; gapupg;gLk; gapu;fs; Kf;fpaj;Jtkww;w epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. 2015

Mk; Mz;lstpy; ,yq;ifapd; 4.7 kpy;ypad; rdj;njhifahdJ Fiwe;j Nghrhf;F kl;lj;jpy;

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epkpj;jk; khWgLtjdhy; czTg; ghJfhg;gpd;ikia Nkhrkilar; nra;Js;sJ.

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mjpfupg;gjw;Fk; tptrha njhopy;Kaw;rpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; ghupasthd tptrhaj;

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gyg;gLj;Jjy; vd;gdthFk;;.

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tptrha ghupa tyaq;fs; Nghd;w khjpupfspd; Clhf tpidj;jpwdhdJk; epiyahd

ngWkhdr; rq;fpypfis mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtu;fs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLtu;. fsQ;rpaj;jplYk;

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Nrit tiyaikg;nghd;iw ehk; mwpKfg;gLj;JNthk;.

11. tptrha kw;Wk; epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jp

If;fpa ehLfs; Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp ,yf;FfSf;F mikthf ,d;iwa tsu;r;rpf;F

tha;g;gspf;Fk; mNjNtis> vjpu;fhy re;jjpapdupd; RgPl;rj;ij cWjpnra;Nthk;.


5

tptrha kw;Wk; epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jp

cj;Njr tptrhaj; Jiwapd; etPdkag;gLj;Jk; fUj;jpl;lj;ij Jupjg;gLj;JNthk;. tptrha

tpahghuj;JiwapYk; ngWkhdr; rq;fpypfspYk; KjyPLnra;Ak; nghUl;L rpwpa kw;Wk; eLj;ju

msthd tptrha tpahghu Kaw;rpfSf;F Cf;Ftpg;Gf; nfhLg;gdTf; fl;likg;nghd;iw

mwpKfg;gLj;JNthk;. ,jd;%yk; jdpahu; Jiwf;Fk; rpwpa msthd cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;Fk;

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kf;fSf;F nfsutkhd tho;epiynahd;iw cWjpnra;tJld; Njhl;lj; Jiwia ru;tNjr

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njhopy; Kaw;rpfs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;.

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ngWkhdq;fisr; Nru;g;gjw;Fk; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; KjyPLfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;Fk; fld; trjp

nra;JnfhLf;fg;gLk;. Nfhop tsu;g;Gf; ifj;njhopYf;Fk; murhq;fj;jpdhy; cjtp mspf;fg;gLk;.

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nra;Nthk;. JiwKf njhopy;Kaw;rpapd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk;> kPd; cw;gj;jpapd;; mgptpU;j;jpf;Fk;

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ntspehl;L KjyPl;L vy;iy murhq;fj;jpdhy; jsu;j;jg;gLk;.

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murhq;f jdpahu; cw;gj;jpg; gq;fhz;ikia cWjpg;gj;jp tp];jupf;Fk;. mjd;%yk; KO fpuhkpa

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mjd;%yk; rpW mstpyhd tptrha njhopy;Kaw;rpg; gq;fhz;ikapduhf gykilAk;. rpW

msthd cw;gj;jpahsu;fSf;Fk; etPd ngWkhdr; rq;fpyp nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd

njhlu;GfSf;F ehk; trjpfis mspg;Nghk;.

ehk; Nghrhf;fhd gapuply; gof;fq;fis Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;. czTfspd; gz;Gj;juKk;

mDkjpngw;w cu kl;lq;fSk; Fwpj;j Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd nfhs;ifrhu; eilKiwnahd;iw

mwpKfg;gLj;JNthk;. ,jd;%yk; Nrjd cw;gj;jpfis NghJkhd mstpy; re;ijf;F tUtJ

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;.


5


g+Nfhs kw;Wk; kf;fs; FOtpdu;; kj;jpapy; epyTk; nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;T fhuzkhf>

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fhzg;gLfpd;wd. 40 rjtPj tWik Njhl;lg;Gwq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjpy; tWikahd

Njhl;lg;Gw FLk;gq;fs; kpfTk; tWik epiyapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ghuk;gupa tptrha

eltbf;iffspy; <Lgly;> cl;fl;likg;G kw;Wk; re;ijg;gLj;jypy; FiwghLfs; fhuzkhf

rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fspd; Fiwe;jsthd guk;gy; fpuhkg;gpuNjrq;fspd;

tWikepiy mjpfupg;gpw;F fhuzkhf mike;Js;sJ. vdNt ,yq;ifapDs; ePz;lfhy

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cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mgptpUj;jpf;fhd rkepiy topKiwnahd;iwf; iff;nfhs;Nthk;.

murhq;fk; Gjpa mgptpUj;jp tq;fpnahd;iw cUthf;Fk; - ,J rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju

njhopw;Jiwfis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L jw;Nghijf;F eilKiwapy; cs;s epjpepWtdq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jp> ,g;gpuNjrq;fSf;F epjptsj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;fhd ePz;lfhy mgptpUj;jpr;

nraw;jpl;lq;fSf;F xj;jhir GupaTk;> epjptsj;Jf;fhd gq;fspg;ig toq;fTk; ,e;j

tq;fp nraw;gLk;.

gpujhd mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; - ,jw;fhf U`{iz mgptpUj;jp tyak;>

jpUNfhzkiy nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp tyak;> tak;g tpNrl nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jp tyak;

(vud;tpy Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp nraw;jpl;lk;> fy;gpl;ba Rw;Wyh mgptpUj;jp tyak;> gpq;fpupa

tyak;>Fspahg;gpl;ba tyak;) kw;Wk; u[ul;il mgptpUj;jp tyak;> (nkhuf`fe;ij

nraw;jpl;lk;> ky;tj;J Xah nraw;jpl;lk;> nghyd;dWitapd; Gj;njOr;rp) Nghd;w nraw;jpl;lq;fs;

,jDs; cs;slq;Fk;.

tlf;fpd; Ie;J khtl;lq;fSf;fhf murhq;fk; Gupe;Jzu;T khtl;l mgptpUj;jp

nraw;jpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLf;Fk; - ,jd;NghJ milahsk; fhzg;gl;Ls;s Kf;fpa

gpur;rp;idfshtd m) kPs;FbNaw;wk; njhlu;gpyhd mbg;gil r%f tho;thjhu Njitg;ghLfis

toq;fy; M) ghjpg;Gf;Fs;shd cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis kPz;Lk; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jy; ,) fpuhkpa

kf;fspd; tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd FbePu; trjpfis Vw;gL;j;jy;.

– ,jw;fhf gadhspfSf;fhd tPlikg;Gj;jpl;lq;fs; njhlu;e;Jk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk;. mjw;F

Nkyjpfkhf midj;J trjpfSk; nfhz;l 65 Mapuk; tPLfs; fl;bf;nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

– kPs;FbNawpa kf;fSf;fhf Rfhjhu trjpfs;> FbePu; trjpfs; kw;Wk; mbg;gil cl;fl;likg;G

trjpfs; vd;gtw;iw ngw;Wf; nfhLf;f Kd;Dupik mspf;fg;gLk;.

– murhq;fk; Fwpj;j gpuNjrq;fspy; njhopy;tha;g;Gfs; kw;Wk; njhopy; nra;Nthupd;

vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupf;f eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. mjw;fhd gapw;rpfs; > fld; kw;Wk;

re;ijtha;g;Gf;fhd topfhl;ly; vd;gtw;iwAk; toq;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. tlf;F kf;fspd; gpujhd

[PtNdhghakhd tptrhak;> kPd;gpbj; njhopy;> fhy;eil tsu;g;G Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd trjpfs;

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhL;f;fg;gLk;. mg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Gjpa kPd;gpbj; JiwKfq;fis Vw;gLj;jTk;>

eilKiwapy; cs;s kPd;gpbj;JiwKfq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;aTk; eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLk;.


5

– khtl;lq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhf tlf;F khfhzj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;

KjyPLfSf;F mjpfupf;fg;gl;l Cf;Ftpg;Gfs;> rYiffs; kw;Wk; tuptpyf;Fk; Gjpa

cs;ehl;L ,iwtupr; rl;lj;jpy; Vw;ghLnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

– fhzhky; NghNdhUf;fhd nrayfk; Clhf fhzhky; Nghdtu;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s

FLk;gq;fSf;F 'fhzhky; Nghdtu;fs;" rhd;wpjo; toq;Ftjw;F mDkjp toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mjd; %yk; eyNdhk;Gif nraw;jpl;lq;fs;> fhzp kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhd cupikfisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpY;ss rpf;fy;fSf;F epthuzq;fs; fpl;Lk;.

murhq;fk; Cth khfhzj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp nraw;jpl;lj;ij Kd;ndLj;jYk;>

eilKiwg;gLj;jYk; - murhq;fk; fpuhkpa cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspd; mgptpUj;jp njhlu;gpy;

Kd;Dupikaspj;Jr;nraw;gLfpd;wJ. mjw;Nfw;g ghyq;fis epu;khzpj;jy; kw;Wk; efu

mgptpUj;jp> rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju uPjpapyhd ePu;g;ghrd kw;Wk; FbePu; trjpfs;> nkhduhfiy

khtl;lj;jpy; Jupj ePu;g;ghrd mgptpUj;jp nraw;jpl;lk; (nty;y];] eNthja)> upjPkhypaj;j

xd;wpize;j mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Njapiy> ,wg;gu; gapu;r;nra;ifapy; <Lgl;bUe;j rpwpa

kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fis kPz;Lk; mj;njhopy;Jiwfspy; <Lgl Cf;Ftpj;jy;

vd;gd ,jd;fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.mjw;F Nkyjpfkhf epjp eltbf;iffSf;fhd tha;g;GfSk;

Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

murhq;fk; tya uPjpahd njhopy;El;g Nfe;jpuq;fis epu;khzpf;Fk; - mjd; %ykhf

rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fSf;F Gjpa njhopy;El;gq;fisf; ifahSk;

tha;g;Gf; fpilf;Fk;. mjd; %ykhf re;ij tha;g;Gs;s cw;gj;jpfis ,dk; fhzTk;>

re;ij tha;g;Gfis jpl;lkplTk;> ,izaj;jpd; Clhf tu;j;jfk; Nkw;nfhs;sTk; murhq;fk;

xj;jhir nra;Ak;.

murhq;fk; epjp cs;sPLfSf;fhd topKiwfis nraw;gLj;Jk; - epjp kw;Wk; epjprhu;

nraw;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd topKiwfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;gJ fpuhkpa mgptpUj;jpf;F

,d;wpaikahj tplakhFk;. Fwpg;ghf rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fspd;

mgptpUj;jpf;F ,J Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ek; ehl;bd; midj;Jg; gFjpfspYk; rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju

njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fspd; guk;giy mjpfupg;gjw;F ,yF fld;jpl;lq;fs; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gLk;.

murhq;fk; gq;fhsu; epWtdq;fspd; xj;Jiog;Gld; rpWkw;Wk; eLj;ju njhopy;Kaw;rpahsu;fis

tYg;gLj;j fld; ghJfhg;G nraw;jpl;lk; xd;iwAk; Kd;ndLf;f cj;Njrpj;Js;sJ.



5

,yq;ifapd; gytPdkhd #oy;fs; kw;Wk; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jtk; ,aw;if

mdu;j;jq;fspdhy; ,yq;iff;F $ba ghjpg;Gfis Vw;gLj;Jk; - tul;rp> nts;sk; kw;Wk;

kz;rupT mbf;fb Vw;gLtjhdJ ghupa kdpjts kw;Wk; epjp neUf;fbfis Vw;gLj;Jk;.

njhopw;Jiw nraw;ghLfspd; tsu;r;rp kw;Wk; efukag;gLj;jYld; ehl;bd; Rw;whly; khriltJk;

mjpfupj;Js;sJ. Nghjpastpy; nraw;glhj fopT kw;Wk; ePu;Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghLfs;>

nraw;jpwdw;w fl;lisfs;> fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd Mw;wy;kpF fl;likg;Gfs; njhopw;glhik

Nghd;wd epiyNgwhd mgptpUj;jpf;Fj; jilahd tplaq;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

murhq;fk; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghLfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; - ,yq;ifapd; midj;J

,y;yq;fisAk; ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhd fhg;gPl;Lj; jpl;lnkhd;iw

murhq;fk; Njrpa fhg;GWjp nghWg;Gr; rig Clhf Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ mjd; %yk;

mdu;j;jq;fSf;Fs;shdtu;fs; murhq;fj;Jf;F Rikahfhj tifapy; jq;fspd; ,og;GfSf;fhd

,og;gPLfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. mdu;j;jq;fspd; gpd;du; kPz;Lk; mg;gpuNjrq;fisf;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf Njrpa mdu;j;jg; ghJfhg;G epjpak; cUthf;fg;gLk;. kz;ruptpw;F

cs;shd gpuNjrq;fspy; tho;fpd;w gpui[fis kPs Fbaku;j;Jtjw;F mtrpakhd

eltbf;iffis vLg;gjw;F murhq;fk; jPu;khdpj;Js;sJ. mdu;j;jq;fSf;F cs;shFk;

epiyik fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl;L mg;gpuNjr kf;fSf;F nghUshjhu uPjpahf Kf;fpaj;Jtkpf;f

fhg;GWjpj; jpl;lq;fs; nraw;gLj;jg;gLk;.

tspkhriljyw;w nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpia Cf;Ftpf;Fk; tifapy; gRik

nraw;jpl;lq;fis murhq;fk; mDkjpf;Fk;. rKj;jpuk; kw;Wk; fiuNahu tsq;fis

epiyNgwhd Kiwapy; gad;gLj;JtJld;> ,aw;ifg; grisg; gapu;r;nra;if kw;Wk; Gj;jhf;f

rf;jp kpd;ghtid vd;gd Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. ,j;Jiwfs; rhu;e;j Ma;TfSk; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;.

czT cw;gj;jpfSf;F gRik njhopy;El;g nraw;wpl;lq;fis tpUj;jp nra;tJ murhq;fj;jpd;

%yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

#oYf;F cfe;j Nghf;Ftuj;J fl;likg;G Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk; - Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l

nghJg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;likg;G xd;Wld; tPjpg; ghJfhg;igAk; mjpfhpg;gjd; Clhf

jdpg;gl;l thfdg; gad;ghl;bid Fiwf;fyhk;. mjd; %yk; vupnghUs; rpf;fdj;ijAk;

eilKiwg;gLj;jyhk;.

gRik epjp topKiwfisAk; murhq;fk; mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; - ,jd; %yk; tq;fp kw;Wk;

Vida epjpepWtdq;fs; gRik nraw;jpl;lq;fspy; KjyPL nra;tJ Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. mjd;

%yk; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rp #oYf;F Vw;w tpjj;jpy; ,iaghf;fg;gLk;.



5

gpui[fSf;F fopT Kfhikj;Jtk; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gLk; - fopT Kfhikj;Jtk; ,yq;ifapd;

ghupa gpur;rpidahf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ murhq;fk; mjw;fhd epiyahd jPu;nthd;iwf;

fhZk; topKiwf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;Js;sJ. tup Cf;Ftpg;G %ykhf fopTfis kl;Lg;gLj;jTk;>

kPs;Row;rp nra;tjw;Fk;> kPs;gad;ghl;bw;Fk; jdpegu; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fis Cf;Ftpg;Nghk;.

tPLfspy; Fg;igfis gpupj;J mfw;wy; my;yJ vupngHUSf;fhf gad;gLj;jy; Nghd;wd

Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;.

fopTfs; %yk; kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;fhd eltbf;if - Kiwaw;w tifapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l

foptfw;wy; eltbf;iffspd; ghjpg;Gfisf; Fiwj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf murhq;fk; jdpahu;

JiwapdUld; ,ize;J ru;tNjr topKiwfSf;F mikthf foptfw;wy; nraw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.

xUjlit kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghypj;jPd; tiffspd; gad;ghl;ilf; Fiwf;f

eltbf;if - murhq;fj;jpd; %yk; nghypj;jPd; igfs;> gpsh];bf;Nghj;jy;fs; kw;Wk;

nghUl;fSf;F tupnahd;W tpjpf;fg;gLk;. mjd; %yk; fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; fopTfisf;

nfhz;L kpd;Dw;gj;jp nra;jy; cs;spl;l eltb;fiffSf;Fg;; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

rf;jp tsq;fs; njhlu;ghf mjpf epjpapid nrytpLtJ fle;j fhy tpUj;jpf;F fl;Lg;ghlhf

mike;Js;sJ. ghupa efu mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; tyaq;fs; kw;Wk; gpw tya

mgptpUj;jp Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis jpl;lkpl;l mgptpUj;jp nraw;wpl;lq;fs; %yk; rf;jp tsf;

Nfs;tpapid eLj;ju kw;Wk; ePz;lfhy mbg;gilapy; NkYk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. tpNrlkhf kpd;rf;jp

Nfs;tp mjpfupj;Js;sJ. gbk vupnghUl;fis mjpfstpy; toq;FtJ> vkJ Vw;Wkjpfspy;

jq;fpapUg;gij mjpfupg;gJld; #oYf;Fk; ghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jp ePz;l fhy epiyNgwhd

mgptpUj;jpf;fhd vkJ vjpu;ghu;g;GfSf;Fk; jilapid Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

ePz;lfhy kpd; cw;gj;jp tpupthf;fj; jpl;lq;fis nraw;gLj;jp murhq;fk; KO kpd;rf;jp

cw;gj;jpf;fhd gpuNtrj;ijAk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jiyAk; mjpfupj;Js;sJ. tPl;L> tzpf

kw;Wk; ifj;njhopy; gpupTfSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;w mjpfupf;fpd;w kpd;rhu Nfs;tpapid

G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf vk;khy; ePz;l fhy kpd;gpwg;ghf;fy; jpl;lk; (2018 Kjy; 2034 tiu)

nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. jw;NghJ jpl;lkplg;gl;l tu;j;jf tyaq;fspy; ,t;Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpid

gpugy;ag;gLj;jg;gLtJld; kpd;rf;jpapid G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;w caupa

Nfs;tpapid G+u;j;jp nra;tJk; ,jd;NghJ ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLk;.



5

epiyNgwhd kpd;rf;jp cw;gj;jpiaAk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jiyAk; Cf;Ftpg;gjw;F

murhq;fk; eltbf;if vLj;Js;sJ. murhq;fk; rk;gpujhakw;w kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f kpd;rf;jp

njhopy;El;gj;ij Cf;fg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ePu;kpd;rf;jp> fhw;W kpd;rf;jp kw;Wk; #upa kpd;rf;jp Mfpa

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis Fwpg;gplyhk;. Njrpa tyaikg;Gld; njhlu;ghd cgha Kiwnahd;whf

$iufspd; kPJ #upa rf;jp gpuptpid nghUj;Jtij tpUj;jp nra;Nthk;. kpd;rf;jp kw;Wk; kPs

GJg;gpf;fj;jF rf;jp tsq;fs; mikr;rpd; %yk; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLfpd;w ~#upa gy rq;fpuka|

vDk; jpl;lj;jpd; %yk; 2020k; Mz;lstpy; Njrpa tyaikg;gpw;F 200 nkfh nthl; #upa rf;jp

kpd;rhuj;jpid ,izj;Jf; nfhs;tijAk;> 2025k; Mz;lstpy; 100 nkfh nthl; rf;jpapid

,izj;Jf; nfhs;tijAk; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

murhq;fj;jpd; %yk; kpd;rf;jp Jiwf;F tpiyr;Rl;b xd;W jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

kpd;rf;jp toq;fy; kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;ghd eltbf;iffSf;fhf #j;jpuk; xd;wpid

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l tpiyia epu;zapg;gjd; %yk; rf;jpf;fhd ru;tNjr tpiy

khw;wq;fspd; jhf;fj;ijf; Fiwf;f KbAk;. ru;tNjr tpiyfspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fis

ntspg;gilj; jd;ikAld; cs;Su; ghtidahu;fsplk; nfhz;Lnry;yf; $ba tpiy eu;za

Kiwik xd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. midj;J epthuzq;fisAk; rupahf ,dq;fz;L Kiwahf

thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fg;gLk;.

murhq;fj;jpd; %yk; Nfs;tp Kfhikj;Jtj;Jf;F kw;Wk; jpwd;tpUj;jpf;F Njitahd

eltbf;if vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tpNrlkhf Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fspy; kpd;Fkpo;fs; kw;Wk;

kpd;dpay; cgfuzq;fs; cl;gl rf;jp ts tpuaj;Jld; $ba ,wf;FkjpfSf;fhf Cf;Ftpg;G

nfhLg;gdTfis ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fpd;Nwhk;. rf;jp tsq;fspd; rpf;fdkhd ghtidf;fhf rf;jp

tsq;fspd; el;rj;jpu jug;gLj;jy; Kiwnahd;iw Cf;Ftpf;fpd;Nwhk;. rf;jp tsq;fspd; rpf;fd

jd;ikf;fhf ];khu;l; kPl;lupid fl;lhag;gLj;JNthk;. mNjNghd;W gRikahd epu;khzpg;Gfs;

kw;Wk; Rj;jkhd jahupg;G nrad;Kiw Nghd;w rf;jpts nraw;wpwd; njhopy;Jiw

nrad;Kiwfis Cf;fg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk;.

murhq;fj;jpd; %yk; (Downstream) ngw;Nwhypa njhopy;Jiw mgptpUj;jp

nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ngw;Nwhypa cw;gj;jpfs; ,wf;Fkjp> Vw;Wkjp> gfpu;e;jspj;jy; kw;Wk;

tpepNahfpj;jy; epu;zaq;fSf;F cupa mbg;gil trjpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;J tUfpd;Nwhk;.

mNjNghd;W ngw;Nwhypa tsq;fs; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; (Upstream) ngw;Nwhypak; njhopy;Jiw

mgptpUj;jpf;F eltbf;if vLj;J tUfpd;Nwhk;. tya ehLfspd; ngw;Nwhypa Jiwapy;

,yq;ifapd; gq;fspg;Gf;fhf jpUNfhzkiy vz;nza; jhq;fpfs; mgptpUj;jpf;Fk; kpfTk;

Kf;fpa gzpnahd;iw epiwNtw;Wfpd;wJ.



5

Nkhrkhd epu;thfk; kw;Wk; epu;thf ,ae;jpuk; ,yq;ifapy; ePz;l fhy tpUj;jpapid

fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F fhuzkha; mikfpd;wJ. rl;lthl;rpapy; cs;s gytPdk;> Nkhrbfs;

njhlu;gpy; Gupe;Jzu;T kw;Wk; [dehaf Rje;jpukhdJ ehl;by; fhzg;gLfpd;w mur juk;

njhlu;ghd Rl;bf;F Neu;Kfkhd jhf;fk; xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd

gytPdq;fs; %yk; rhjhuzkhf nfhs;if njhlu;gpy; Cfq;fis ntspapLtjw;F KbahJ.

vd;Wk;> nghJ Nritapid gfpu;e;jspg;gpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gytPdq;fs; kw;Wk; Njrpa>

ru;tNjr jdpahu; KjyPl;L jilfis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w epu;thf uPjpahd rptg;G gl;br; rl;lkhdJ

Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

ey;yhl;rpapd; nfhs;iffis ehk; gyg;gLj;JNthk; - gue;j kWrPuikg;G epfo;r;rp epuyhdJ

murpay; ahg;G kWrPuikg;gpid KOikg;gLj;jy;> nghUshjhu nfhs;ifapid khw;Wjy;>

epu;thfj;ij tpUj;jp nra;jy; kw;Wk; ,ilepiy ePjpapid Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F eltbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. mNjNghd;W nghJr;Nritapy; fhzg;gLfpd;w Nkhrbfs;> nghWg;gw;w

jd;ik> eLepiyaw;w jd;ik kw;Wk; nraw;wpwd; mw;w jd;ikf;F vjpuhf eltbf;iffs;

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F ehq;fs; ,zq;fp ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.

rfy gpui[fspdJk; cupikfis cWjp nra;J midtUf;Fk; ,yq;ifah;

vd;W czUk; mbg;gilapy; jw;NghJ fhzg;gLfpd;w ey;ypzf;fk; njhlu;ghd

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis gyg;gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk; - ,k;Kd;ndLg;Gf;F gpui[fspd; nghUshjhu

tpUj;jp kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;Wtjw;fhf midtUf;Fk; rkkhd mtfhrq;fis Vw;gLj;jpf;

nfhLg;gJ cs;slq;Ffpd;wJ.

12. epu;thfKk; nghWg;Gk;


5

nghJ kf;fspd; jfty; mwpAk; cupikapid fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F kw;Wk;

gyg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; murhq;fk; eltbf;if vLj;Js;sJ - Gjpjhf epiwNtw;wg;gl;l

jfty; mwpAk; cupik rl;lj;jpd; %yk; murhq;fk; nghJ kf;fSf;F nghWg;GilaJ

vd;W cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNj Nghd;W jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F nghJkf;fspd;

gq;fspg;ig ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. [dehafj;jpd; cau;r;rpf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd mwpthu;e;j

thj tpthjq;fis cUthf;fpd;wJ. fPo; kl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;J [dehafk; kw;Wk; nraw;ghLfis

gyg;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; tpthjq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuNahfpf;fpd;w jfty;fspd; juj;jpid

tpUj;jp nra;tjd; %yKk; mJ mur eltbf;iffspy; nghJkf;fspd; gq;Fgw;wypid

gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; ehq;fs; jfty; mwpAk;

cupikapid kjpf;fpd;Nwhk;> mjid cWjp nra;fpd;Nwhk;.

ehq;fs; fpuhkpa ,uh[;aj;ij nraw;gLj;Jfpd;Nwhk; - fpuhkpa ,uh[;ak; vDk; mur

epWthfj;Jf;F kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jpf;F nghJkf;fspd; gq;Fgw;wypd; Fiwapid epug;Gtjw;fhf

vk;khy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l NahridahFk;. fpuhkpa ,uh[;aj;jpd; %yk; fpuhkpa gpui[fs;

mtu;fspd; mgptpUj;jp nraw;ghl;by; gq;fhsu;fshf epakpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;. mNjNghd;W fpuhkpa

Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; gpujhd mgptpUj;jp epfo;r;rp epuypy; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. fpuhkpa murpd;

gpujhd Nehf;fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; r%f nghUshjhu kw;wk; fyhr;rhu mgptpUj;jp> r%fj;jpd;

cWjpj;jd;ik> f%f nghUshjhu gpuptpd; nghJ cupikahz;ik kw;Wk; gpuNjr mgptpUj;jp

kw;Wk; Njrpa mgptpUj;jp ,yf;Ffs; kw;Wk; nghUe;JjYld; vd;gtw;Wld; nghUe;JjyhFk;.

ehl;bd; ghupa KO nghUshjhu mbg;gilapDs; cs;Suhl;rp eltbf;iffspy; nghJkf;fspd;

gq;Fgw;wypd; mtfhrk; fpuhkpa ,uh[;aj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

– fpuhkpa ,uh[;aj;ij nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,yq;ifapDs; 2500 gpupTfs; cUthf;f

cs;Nshk; - ,g;gpupTfis cUthf;Fk; NghJ nghUshjhuj;jpid xUepiyg;gLj;jy;

kw;Wk; rhj;jpatsk;> r%f xUikg;ghL> G+Nfhs mikT Mfpa mk;rq;fis

ftdj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;g;gJ gpui[fspdhy; ,e;eltbf;iffis

nraw;gLj;Jk; Kiwiknahd;wpid cUthf;FtjhFk;.

– fpuhkpa ,uh[;aj;ij Nkw;ghu;itapLtjw;Fk;> epu;zapg;gjw;Fk;>

,yFgLj;Jtjw;Fk;> mjw;F xj;Jiog;gjw;Fk; ehq;fs; Njrpa fpuhkpa ,uh[;a

Mizf;FO kw;Wk; tya fpuhkpa ,uh[;a FOtpidAk; cUthf;Fjy; - fpuhkpa

,uh[;akhdJ gpuNjrj;jpy; nghJ gpupjpepjpfs; rigahdJ cUthf;fg;gLtJ> 03 tUl

fhyj;Jf;Fk; Nkyhf cupa gpuNjrj;jpy; nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;l Njrpa fpuhkpa ,uh[;a

Mizf;FOtpid Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbe;j nghJ mikg;Gfspd; gpujpepjpfs; kw;Wk;

,d;Dk; rpyuhtu;.

epu;thfKk; nghWg;Gk;;


5

ehq;fs; njhlu;r;rpahd kw;Wk; vjpu;T $wf;$ba nghUshjhu nfhs;if

Ntiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iw nraw;gLj;j cs;Nshk; - ,J tpahghu gpui[fspd;

ek;gpf;ifapd;ikapid Fiwf;Fk; njhlu;r;rpahd Ntiyj;jpl;lkhFk;. mNjNghd;W mJ Njrpa

mgptpUj;jp nraw;wpl;lj;Jf;F mikthf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. murhq;fj;jpd; cau; kl;lj;jpdhy;

Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;gLtjhFk;.

Nkw;ghu;it kw;Wk; kjpg;gpLfspy; jifik kl;lj;jpid kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lj;jpid

gyg;gLj;jy; - murhq;fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp cgha Kiwfs; kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspy;

nraw;wpwid Nkw;ghu;it nra;ag;gLtJ> mur Jiwfspd; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wk;

(mur kw;Wk; jdpahu; ,izg;G cl;gl) jdpahu; Jiwapd; KjyPl;L kw;Wk; KO nghUshjhu

rl;lfj;jpd; KO gad;fs; njhlu;gpYk; ftdk; nrYj;Jtjd; Clhf.

xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; Nkw;ghu;itf;F xj;Jiog;G toq;Ftjw;fhf ehq;fs;

b[pl;ly;kag;gLj;jiy gad;gLj;j cs;Nshk; - Ntiyj;jpl;l jfty;fis Nrfupg;gJk;

mtw;iw nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fSf;F> KjyPl;lhsu;fSf;F kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fSf;F

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;> Gupe;Jzu;Ts;s Nfe;jpu juT fsQ;rparhiy xd;iw Kd;ndLj;Jr;

nry;yg;gLk;. ,k;Kd;ndLg;gpid ,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhf KO mur gpuptpidAk; b[pl;ly;

kag;gLj;jg;gLk;.

13. xUq;fpizg;gpid gyg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; nraw;gLtij guprPypj;jy;

gaDs;s nraw;gLj;jypd;wp nfhs;if kw;Wk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fs; %yk; mu;j;jnkhd;W

,y;iy vd;gij ehk; ,dq;fz;Ls;Nshk;. mjw;F gykhd Nkw;ghu;itAk; xUq;fpizg;Gk;

mtrpakhfpd;wJ. jdpahu; Jiwf;F Kiwahf nraw;gLtjw;fhd #oiy cUthf;FtJld;

nghUshjhuj;jpy; gyd; kw;Wk; nraw;wpid cau;j;Jtjw;F Ntz;Lnkdpy; murhq;fk;

kw;Wk; jdpahu; Jiw Mfpatw;iw kpfTk; neUf;fkhf xUq;fpizg;G nra;a Ntz;Lk;.

mur tsq;fspy; kl;Lkl;lhd jd;ikahdJ vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,J njhlu;gpy; tpNrlkhf

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; milfpd;wJ.

PROOF

5 2025 JhuNehf;F 51

14. KbTiu

,yq;ifau; midtUf;Fk; ed;ikfs; jUk;; RgPl;rkhd nghUshjhunkhd;iwf;

fl;bnaOg;GtJ vkJ Nehf;fkhFk;. ,e;ehl;bd; nghUshjhuj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhf

ehk; re;ijg; nghUshjhu mbg;gilfis gpd;gw;wTs;sJld;> mjd;NghJ Gjpa cw;gj;jpfs;

kw;Wk; njhopy;Kaw;rpfs; vd;gtw;Wf;F Kd;Dupik mspf;fg;gLk;. NkYk; Gjpa g+NfhsuPjpahd

gpd;dzpapy; cw;gj;jpj;jpwd; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpia mjpfupj;Jf; nfhs;tj;wF Njitahd

njhopy;El;g mwpitg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLk;. jdpahu;Jiw KjyPLfs;

kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjpia ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l mgptpUj;jpf; fl;likg;nghd;iw cUthf;fp ,e;J kh

rKj;jpug; gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Nrit tu;j;jfj;jpd; Nfe;jpu epiyakhf ,yq;if

mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk;.

Gjpa nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpg; gbtnkhd;Wf;fhd njspthd nghUshjhuf; nfhs;if

mbg;gilapyhd kWrPuikg;nghd;W Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,jd; NghJ ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu

mgptpUj;jpr; nraw;ghlhdJ mur KjyPLfs; kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspy; kl;Lk;

njhlu;e;Jk; jq;fpapUf;Fk; epiy khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;. ,yq;ifapd; tNahjpgu; rdj;njhif

Ntfkhf mjpfupj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpd;dzpapy; tUkhdkPl;LNthUf;F rkhe;jukhf jq;fp

tho;Nthu; vz;zpf;ifAk; mjpfupf;Fk; mNj Neuk; mur fld;fs; mjpfupj;J Vw;Wkjp tPjk;

tPo;r;rpaile;jpUg;gJk; neUf;fbfis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. ,jd; %yk; Gjpa kWrPuikg;nghd;Wf;fhd

Njitg;ghL czug;gLfpd;wJ. Fwpj;j kWrPuikg;G nraw;ghl;Lf;fhf nfhs;if> re;ij

epiyikfs;> murhq;fj;jpd; nghWg;G kw;Wk; njhlu;Gila epWtdq;fs; ,yf;fhff; nfhs;sg;gLk;.

cWjpkpF kw;Wk; epiyahd jd;dpiwTg; nghUshjhu fl;likg;ghdJ KOikahd

kWrPuikg;G Kaw;rpfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;. kpfr;rpwg;ghd Kiwapy; mur tUkhdk; kw;Wk;

nryTfs; Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gl;L J}ujpU\;bahd epj kw;Wk; me;epa nryhtzpf; nfhs;if

kWrPuikf;fg;gl;L re;ij tha;g;G> KjyPL kw;Wk; nghUshjhu tsu;r;rpf;Fj; jilahd rhjf

re;ijtha;g;Gf;fhd rhjf epiyikf;fhd kWrPuikg;nghd;Wf;fhd mbg;gilahf mikAk;.

mgptpUj;jpf;fhf gy;NtW topKiwfs; iff;nfhs;sg;gl;L kWrPuikg;G eltbf;iffs; Clhf

r%f Kd;Ndw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jy; kw;Wk; Fiwe;j tUkhdKila kf;fis gaDW Nrit

toq;Fdu;fshf cs;thq;fg;gLtij cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ehk; tptrha cw;gj;jpj; jpwid

Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F Cf;Ftpg;gJld; ru;tNjr tpiy Vw;w ,wf;fq;fspd; mjpu;;r;rpapypUe;J

cs;ehl;L rpW kw;Wk; eLj;ju tu;j;jfu;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhf tpiyr; rYifAk; mspf;fg;gLk;.

NkYk; Fiwe;j tUkhdKilNahUf;F cWjpahd r%f ghJfhg;G fl;likg;nghd;wpd; Clhf

nghUshjhu ghJfhg;G mspf;fg;gLk;.

,jd; %yk; ,yq;ifaUf;F cau;thd tho;f;ifj; juk; kw;Wk; cau;kl;l r%f me;j];J

nfhz;l RgPl;rkhd Afnkhd;iw vjpu;ghu;f;fyhk;. ,yq;ifapd; cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjpj;

Jiwapy; gy;NtW Gjpa topKiwfisf; ifahsy; kw;Wk; juj;ij cau;j;Jypd; Clhf

gpui[fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij cau;j;JtJ njhlu;ghd vjpu;ghu;g;Gfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;sf;

$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. Nkw;Fwpj;j fl;likg;gpyhd r%f khw;wq;fspd; Clhf Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs;

,yq;ifia cau;tUkhdk; nfhz;lnjhU ehlhf khw;wpaikf;fj; Njitahd tYthd eLj;ju

tu;f;fnkhd;iw cUthf;Fk;.

mwpT kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;jpd;

Clhf fpuhkj;jpw;Fk; efuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapyhd

,ilntspia G+h;j;jpnra;jy;


5


5

2025 JhuNehf;F

20

25

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huNehf;F

,yq;ifia tskhd ehlhf khw;WtNj vkJ Nehf;fk;. ,e;Jkh rKj;jpu

gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,yq;ifia cah;Nghl;bj;jd;ik kpf;f mwptpd;

mbg;gilapy; r%f nghUshjhu Nfe;jpu epiyakhf ehk;

khw;wpaikg;Nghk;. midj;J gpui[fSf;Fk; cah; tUkhdj;ij

ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba #oy; xd;iw ehk; cUthf;FJld; jukhd

tho;f;ifj; juj;ij Kd;ndLg;gjw;Fk; ehk; toptif nra;Nthk;.

murhq;f jfty; jpizf;fs ntspaPL

,y. 163> fpUygd vtdpA+> nfhOk;G 05> ,yq;if

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,yq;ifia tskhd ehlhf khw;WtNj vkJ Nehf;fk;.€¦ · 2025 JhuNehf;F,yq;ifia tskhd ehlhf khw;WtNj vkJ Nehf;fk;.,e;Jkh rKj;jpu gpuhe;jpaj;jpy; ,yq;ifia cah;Nghl;bj;jd;ik kpf;f mwptpd;