ZachMarilinSophiaVictor AlexChris Gaby Julian AnnahiDaisyCrystalCarlos Ashley Brennan DylanEsme JordynJacobJas Hannah RileyOdom Selena Scotty LuisJeskaJesica

Zach Marilin Sophia Victor

Alex Chris Gaby Julian

Annahi Daisy Crystal Carlos

Ashley Brennan Dylan Esme

Jordyn Jacob Jas Hannah

Riley Odom Selena

Scotty Luis Jeska Jesica

DOOR

MR. CATER’S DESK

DISCUSS WITH L.P.

A woman was shown into a large room which contained over a thousand flowers. She was told that all but one of the flowers were artificial. She had to identify the real flower, but she could not examine the flowers closely nor smell them. She was alone in the room. What did she do to identify the single flower?Clues: She got some help.No other person was involved.

30 seconds

to take care

of your business

Suggested

text of the day

Group MMSMen Women People

Pickin some flowers today

signal

• After you hear the bell, you have 5 seconds to…

… achieve silence… look me in the eyes… remain silent until I give

instructions

REACT !!!!!

R.E.A.C.T.

R espect everyoneE nter and exit appropriatelyA ccept responsibilityC ooperate with everyoneT ake action

An answer:

She opened the window so a bee could fly in. The bee went to the real flower.

FIELD TRIP:

APRIL 17 – THRUSDAYFORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY CENTER AT TEXAS STATEBe here at 9:00 am

YouTube Video pollen from trees making...me...sneeze!!!http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiC0k4KtP9g

As you watch the video, think about:

1)Why is this guy sneezing?2)Why is Mr. Cater showing us this

video in our Forensic Science class?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiC0k4KtP9g

ALLERGIESWhen I was at UT, one of my

biology professors defined an allergy as…

ALLERGIESWhen I was at UT, one of my

biology professors defined an allergy as…

“An inappropriate immune response”

Turn to your learning partner and discuss the meaning of that statement:

“An inappropriate immune response”

Uses of pollen:1) Making you sneeze2) Solving crimes

Forensic palynologyThe study of pollen

and spore evidence to solve crimes

I have already written a quiz for this unit!

YOUR QUIZ DATE:2nd: Tuesday April 85th: Wednesday April 9

There will be no daily grades for this unit

I am designing the daily work to support your success on the quiz

In other words:If you put forth 100%

effort on the daily work, you will do fine on the quiz

Objective:Collect pollen

evidence to determine the pollen fingerprint at crockett high school

D I Y P CDO IT YOURSELF POLLEN COLLECTION

Each person will need:

1 index card

1 pair of scissors

1 piece of packing tape

1 piece of string

Obtain your materials

Cut a large rectangle out of the index card, leaving just the outside edges.

Make sure the edges are still large enough to write on.

STEP 1

Write your name, class period, and date on the border of your

index card.

STEP 2

Tie the string to the “border” of the card

STEP 3

Put the packing tape across the rectangular hole – the sticky part should be open to the air

STEP 4

Follow me outside so we can

1)Place our pollen collectors

2)Collect some flowers

STEP 5

Stop and write- How much pollen do you expect to catch?- How should we analyze the pollen? What

instruments or techniques should we use?- How do you think pollen collected here

differs from pollen in El Paso? - How would pollen collected in the fall differ

from pollen collected in the spring?

Pollen fingerprint: 4 essential parts

1 234


1 number of pollen grains234


1 number of pollen grains2 type of pollen grains34


1 number of pollen grains2 type of pollen grains3 found in a certain area4


1 number of pollen grains2 type of pollen grains3 found in a certain area4 at a particular time of year

Pollen fingerprint: Who cares?

Forensic playnologists, because a pollen fingerprint can link a piece of evidence to a particular place and time.

Forensic Science: Fundamentals & Investigations, Chapter 5

36

DIRECT TEACH – TAKE NOTES

• Distinguish between pollen and spores• Define a pollen fingerprint • Classify the different organisms that produce pollen and

spores • Compare and contrast the female and male reproductive

parts in plants • Distinguish between gymnosperms and angiosperms

All Rights Reserved South-Western / Cengage Learning © 2012, 2009


37

More learning objectives

• Summarize the different methods of pollination and their relevance in solving crimes

• Identify the different ways spores are dispersed • State characteristics of pollen and spores that are important

for forensic studies • Summarize how pollen and spore evidence is collected at a

crime scene • Describe how pollen and spore samples are analyzed and

evaluated


38

IntroductionIntroduction

Forensic palynology—a specialized field that studies pollen and spore evidence

• Pollen and spores are microscopic reproductive structure that have resistant structures

• Pollen—contains the male gametes of seed plants

• Spores—found in certain protists, algae, plants and fungi

An example from the abstract of a scientific paper

Abstract Part 1Two male intruders entered a house in which the sole

female occupant slept having left the back door unlocked for the return of her live-in boyfriend. She awoke and saw strangers in her bedroom. The intruders ran off, one leaving a jacket behind on the kitchen floor. One of the intruders subsequently returned to recover his jacket, but in his rush to leave the house he brushed against a flowering Hypericum bush growing just outside the back door. A suspect was arrested later that day and charged with indecent assault on a female and burglary, but denied any involvement and refused to name any associate.

Abstract Part 2

A day following the offence the suspect's clothes were taken for forensic examination. Pollen analysis of selected parts of his clothing showed that his track pants contained 14% Hypericum pollen, denim jacket 24%, and polo shirt 27.5%. Traces of Hypericum pollen occurred on other items. Most of these pollen grains still had their cell contents preserved and were on the clothing in clumps consistent with having recently been collected by the clothing and not having been aerially dispersed. The pollen from the Hypericum bush was identical in colour, shape, development, and size range to the pollen from the clothing. The clothes had so much Hypericum pollen on them that they had to have been in direct and intimate contact with a flowering bush.

Abstract part 3

Pollen evidence is by its nature circumstantial and often cannot be used on its own to convict, or more strictly to determine the truth. The suspect may have been in contact with Hypericum elsewhere, but detailed investigations indicated that this was unlikely. In 30 years of New Zealand forensic work Hypericum had only ever been found on clothing in trace amounts. This is but one way in which forensic palynology can assist law enforcement agencies to determine the history behind a criminal action, and demonstrates that forensic palynology should be considered as an integral part of any criminal investigation.


43

Introduction Introduction

• Pollen and spore analysis entails Locard’s Principle of Exchange

• Pollen and spores can help determine:– whether a body was moved– a crime’s location—in a city or in the country– the season


44

Pollen-Producing Plants Pollen-Producing Plants

Pollen fingerprint—the number and type of pollen grains found in a geographic area at a particular time of year

Non-seed plants – SPORES – ferns, mosses, liverworts, and horsetails

Seed plants – POLLEN – gymnosperms (cycads, ginkgoes, and conifers)– angiosperms (flowering plants)


45

Gymnosperms Gymnosperms

• Gymnosperms are the oldest seed plants• Conifers are the largest group• Seeds are contained in hard, scaly structures called

cones• The male cones pollinate the female cones• Which cone is female and which is male?


46

AngiospermsAngiosperms—Flowering Plants —Flowering Plants

• The most recent plant group to evolve• Produce seeds in an enclosed fruit• Very diverse group

(includes corn, oaks, maples, and the grasses)• Pistil—female part• Stamen—male part• Identify the parts in this

illustration


47

AngiospermsAngiosperms—Flowering Plants – —Flowering Plants –

identify these parts on your flower identify these parts on your flower

Is your flower MALE, Is your flower MALE, FEMALE, or BOTH ?FEMALE, or BOTH ?


48

Types of Pollination Types of Pollination

• Pollination—the transfer of pollen from the male part of a plant to the female part of a seed plant

• Self-pollination—pollen transfers from an anther to the stigma within the same flower, as in pea plants

• Cross-pollination—pollen transfers between two distinct plants


49

Types of Pollination Types of Pollination


50

Types of PollinationTypes of Pollination

• Pollen of self-pollinating plants– Rarely encountered– Lower value in forensic studies

• Pollen can be carried by – Wind – Animals – Water

• Wind-born pollen is less effective – Potentially long distances

LET’S LOOK AT SOME POLLEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE YA’LL

Sprinkle some pollen from your flowers onto a pollen catcher

Look up a pollen picture to find out what you’re looking for.

In your notebook, draw a picture of pollen you observe under the microscope.

Also write a description what the pollen looks like.

Then, compare your drawing/ and description with others.

15 minutes


55

Spore Producers Spore Producers

• Spore producers include – Certain protists (algae)– Plants – Fungi – Bacteria

• Bacterial spores, endospores include diseases such as anthrax and botulism

• Spore advantages– Spores can be grown to increase sample size– Identifiable with certainty


56

Spore Dispersal Spore Dispersal

• Algae disperse spores into water or air

• Potentially large dispersal range reduces value in investigations

• Explain how mushroom spores are released into the wind


57

Pollen and Spore Identification Pollen and Spore Identification in Solving Crimes in Solving Crimes

Exine– Outer shell of a pollen grain and spore– Microscopes reveal complex and unique

structures– Identification provides potential trace

Angiosperm pollen grains

Gymnosperm pollen grains


58

Finding Pollen and SporesFinding Pollen and Spores

59

Collecting Pollen and Spores Collecting Pollen and Spores

• Control and evidence samples must be collected

• When collecting samples:– Wear gloves– Use clean tools– Place in sterile containers, sealed and labeled– Secure and establish a chain of custody

• Sampling instruments must be clean or new


60

Analyzing Pollen and Analyzing Pollen and Spore Samples Spore Samples

• Pollen and spores are chemically extracted from samples

• Tools specialists use to examine and identify include:– compound light microscope– scanning electronic microscope (SEM)– reference collections

(photos, illustrations, dried specimens)

• Pollen and spore evidence—collected, analyzed, and interpreted—can be presented in court


61

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . Summary . . . .

• Forensic palynology can indicate something about the geographic origin and the time or season of a crime.

• Spores and pollen can be dispersed by wind, by water, or by animals.

• Pollen from insect-pollinated plants tends to give more specific location data than from wind-pollinated plants.


62

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary Summary

• Pollen collected at a crime scene must include baseline samples from the area for comparison.

• Collection of pollen and spore evidence must be performed carefully to avoid contamination.

ReflectWhat was the most

interesting thing you learned today?

Think about it silently for 30 seconds, then stand up and share with your learning partner. Sit down when you are done.

Documents

ZachMarilinSophiaVictor AlexChris Gaby Julian AnnahiDaisyCrystalCarlos Ashley Brennan DylanEsme JordynJacobJas Hannah RileyOdom Selena Scotty LuisJeskaJesica