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4, 1951, str. 44.5, 1950, str. 6567.6Ortutay (szerk) IV, 1981,
str. 88.
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Summary
Maria SILAI, B.Eng. ArchitectureUNIVERSITY OF NOVI SADFACULTY OF
TECHNICAL SCIENCES,DEPARTMENT FOR ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN
PLANNING
INTEGRATION OF OLD NEW IN THE HISTORICAL STRUCTURE OFBANAT`S
VILLAGES DURING XX CENTURY
Balanced,harmonious,street`spictureofBanat`svillages,whichusedtoberegulated
bythelawsofEmpressofMariaTheresa,begantochangewiththeweakeninginfluenceofthemonarchyandafterthecollapseofAustriaHungaryEmpire.Duringthetwentiethcentury,
therewasan interpolationof thenew typesofstructures
intoalreadyexistingstreet`spicture,andtherewithgraduallychangingtheoccurrenceofallrural`sareas.
Themainmotiveofthispaperistopointouttoournational,architecturalheritageistransforming
rapidly, and there are no larger the preserved areas with
traditionalfacilities,suchastraditionalstreet`spicture,andthattheownersofruralhousesarestillnotawareoftheirvalues,thetraditionthatmustbesafeguardedandhandedovertothenextgenerations.
Objectiveofthispaperisbyusingofhistorical,applicationofanalysisandsynthesis,toresearchthetransformationofthetypesofruralhousesthroughXXcentury,toconsider
howthenewtypesofbuildingsintegrateintoalreadyexistingstructureofvillages,orhowmuch
the new interpolations have changed the street`s picture by moving
of alreadydefinedverticalandhorizontalcontrol.
Thefirstcontactsofthevillagewithcitybroughtmanynovelties,amongothersalsoinconfigurationofthefamilyhouses.Wealthierpopulationwantedtoshowthedifferencesbetween
themselves and ordinary countrymen building the different type of
houses,which was common for larger communities. After the Second
World War, even theordinarypeoplewere trying to transform
theirhomes,adding thenewparts toexistinghouses.
Suddenchangesineveryfieldoflifehaveoccurredinthesixtiesyears,whenthenewsocialistsocietyhastendedtodestroyallvaluesofthepasttimesandcreatethenewones.From
thisperiod, it isdisappearing thebuildingaccording to the
traditionalprinciples.The place of Pannonia`s houses occupied the
cubic houses. Interpolation of the
newtypesoffacilitieswithhippedroofdisturbedthestreet`spicture,butdidn`teffectonthe
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changeofverticalcontrol,asopposedtothemulti-levelfamilybuildingswithgabledroof,whichwerebuiltmore
frequentlysincetheeightiesyears.Besidesthesocial factors,aswell the
country`s economic development, in a great measure, influenced to
the suchdevelopmentoftheruralarchitecture.
Horizontal control, separation of the property line and building
lines, was anotherproblem in terms of the interpolation of the new
types of buildings in the old village
structure. Relocated building line has destroyed the defined
structure and
balancedrhythmofthevillagestreet,noweverythingseemschaotic,opposedtothestrictprinciplesofMariaTheresa.
The mass appearance of the new buildings in the old environment
during the XXcentury was also influenced by development of
personality. While in the
Habsburgmonarchyallwaspre-defined,balancedandharmonious,noweveryindividualtendedtobespecialoneandthisaswellreflectedtothesingle-familyhouses.
Today`sperceptionof theruralpopulation is thatall that isold
isabadone,as
thesymbolofpovertyandmiseryandthatistobereleasedassoonaspossible.
Thisperceptiondoesntderiveprimarilyfromdisrespectoftradition,butfromthelackof
informationand from the fact, thatordinarypeopledon`trecognize the
realvalueofruralhouses.InterpolationofthenewbuildingsinsteadofPannoniashousestodatehasresultedinthecompletetransformationofthebuildingfundandthechangeofpreviousharmoniousstreet`spictureofthevillage.Theonlysolutionforstoppingthisrapidprocessisadoptionofthenewregulations,whichwoulddeterminethetypesofnewbuildingsinvillages,inaccordancewithtradition,butatsametimewiththerequirementsofcontemporary,modernfamily.Inthisway,itwouldbegraduallyreturnedtheharmonyinthearchitectureofBanat`svillages.
