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ADP, ATP and ADP, ATP and Cellular Cellular

RespirationRespiration

What Is ATP?What Is ATP?

Adenosine TriphosphateAdenosine Triphosphate

Molecule containing high-Molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bondsenergy Phosphate bonds

Chemical Structure of Chemical Structure of ATPATP

3 Phosphates

Ribose Sugar

Adenine Base

Copyright Cmassengale

What Does ATP Do for What Does ATP Do for You?You?

It supplies YOU withIt supplies YOU with ENERGY!ENERGY!


How Do We Get Energy How Do We Get Energy From ATP?From ATP?

By breaking By breaking the high- the high- energy energy bonds bonds between between the the last two last two phosphates phosphates in ATPin ATP


What is the Process What is the Process Called?Called?

HYDROLYSIS (Adding HHYDROLYSIS (Adding H22O)O)

H2O


How Does That How Does That Happen?Happen?

An An Enzyme!Enzyme!


How is ATP Re-Made?How is ATP Re-Made?

The reverse of the previous The reverse of the previous process occurs.process occurs.

Another Another Enzyme is Enzyme is used!used!ATP ATP SynthetaseSynthetase


The ADP-ATP CycleThe ADP-ATP Cycle

ATP-ATP-asease

ATP ATP SynthetaSynthetasese


When is ATP Made in When is ATP Made in the Body?the Body?

During a During a Process Process called called Cellular Cellular RespirationRespiration that takes that takes place in both place in both Plants & Plants & AnimalsAnimals


Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Includes pathways that Includes pathways that require oxygenrequire oxygen

Breakdown of one glucose Breakdown of one glucose molecule produces molecule produces 36 ATP36 ATP molecules molecules


Overall Equation for Overall Equation for Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + 360 + 36ATP’sATP’s

CC66HH1212OO6 6 + 6O+ 6O22

YIELDSYIELDS

Important Molecules in Important Molecules in Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

CO2 – Carbon Dioxide

ATP – Adenine triphosphate

NAD – Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

FAD – Flavin adenine dinucleotide

What are the Stages of What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?Cellular Respiration?

STEP 1 - GlycolysisSTEP 1 - GlycolysisSTEP 2 - The Krebs CycleSTEP 2 - The Krebs CycleSTEP 3 - The Electron STEP 3 - The Electron

Transport Chain (ETC)Transport Chain (ETC)

Where Does Cellular Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?Respiration Take Place?

It actually It actually takes place takes place in two parts in two parts of the cell:of the cell:

Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the occurs in the CytoplasmCytoplasmKrebs Cycle & Krebs Cycle & ETC TakeETC Take place place in the in the MitochondriaMitochondria

Mitochondria StructureMitochondria Structure

SmoothSmooth outer outer MembraneMembrane

FoldedFolded inner inner membranemembrane

Folds called Folds called CristaeCristae

Space inside Space inside cristae called cristae called the the MatrixMatrix

Diagram of the Diagram of the ProcessProcess

Occurs in

Cytoplasm Occurs

in Matrix

Occurs across Cristae


STEP 1 Glycolysis STEP 1 Glycolysis SummarySummary

Takes place in the Takes place in the CytoplasmCytoplasm

Anaerobic Anaerobic (Doesn’t Use (Doesn’t Use Oxygen)Oxygen)Uses Uses 2 molecules of ATP2 molecules of ATP

Glucose split into two Glucose split into two molecules of molecules of Pyruvic AcidPyruvic Acid

Glycolysis Glycolysis SummarySummary

Produces Produces 2 NAD and 4 ATP 2 NAD and 4 ATP moleculesmolecules

• (2 ATP Used & 4 Produced so (2 ATP Used & 4 Produced so overall 2 ATP molecules from overall 2 ATP molecules from glycolysis)glycolysis)

• Pyruvate is oxidized to Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl Acetyl CoACoA and and COCO22 is removed is removed

Glycolysis DiagramGlycolysis Diagram

GLUCOSE (6 Carbon)⇓

2 PYRUVATE (3 Carbon) + 2ATP

FermentationFermentation

Occurs when OOccurs when O22 NOTNOT present present (anaerobic)(anaerobic)

Called Called Lactic AcidLactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells fermentation in muscle cells (makes (makes muscles tiredmuscles tired))

Makes only Makes only 2 ATP molecules2 ATP molecules

Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary

Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)

Cyclical series of reactions that Cyclical series of reactions that give off give off COCO22 and produce and produce one ATP one ATP per cycleper cycle

Turns Turns twicetwice per glucose molecule per glucose moleculeProduces Produces 2 ATP molecules2 ATP molecules

Takes place in Takes place in matrix of matrix of

mitochondriamitochondria

Krebs Cycle Krebs Cycle SummarySummary

Each turn of the Krebs Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces Cycle also produces 3NADH, 1FADH3NADH, 1FADH22, and 2CO, and 2CO22

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

ATP

NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADHNETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH22, & 2CO, & 2CO22

Electron Transport Chain Electron Transport Chain SummarySummary

32 ATP32 ATP Produced Produced

HH22OO Produced Produced

Occurs Across Occurs Across Inner Inner Mitochondrial membraneMitochondrial membrane

Uses coenzymes Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ NAD+ and FAD+ to accept electrons from glucoseto accept electrons from glucose