Measurement RespirableMeasurement Respirable
Particulate MatterParticulate Matter
15-MS-0715-MS-07 Mirpur University of Science AndMirpur University
of Science And
Technology AJ Technology AJ
!elation" The relationship between intensity of beta-
ray transmitted and dust quantity is expressed by the following
equation I = Io exp(-um/Xm) I : eta-ray intensity transmitted
through !lter and parti"ulate Io : eta-ray intensity transmitted
only through !lter um : $ass absorption "oe%"ient ("m&/g) Xm :
$ass of parti"ulate matter (g/"m&)
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'rom this equation the mass of *$ is "al"ulate as Xm = +/um
ln(Io/I)
,lso the "on"entration of *$ is expressed as = /.Xm 0 +12 =
(/.)(+/um)ln(Io/I) 0 +12
: on"entration of *$ (mg/m2) : olle"tion area ("m&) . : ,ir
aspiration 3olume (m2)
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Chaa!"ei#"i!#Chaa!"ei#"i!#$$ A broad class of
chemically and physically diverse
diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns.
Chaa!"ei#"i!#Chaa!"ei#"i!#:: A broad class of
chemically and physically diverse
diameter less than or equal to 10 microns.
Heal"h E%%e!"#Heal"h E%%e!"#: Inhalation of particulates
increases chronic and acute respiratory
illnesses.
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PM10PM10
PM2.5PM2.5
+eta !adiation ,lpha radiation "onsists of helium nu"lei
and is readily stopped by a sheet of paper4 eta radiation
"onsisting of ele"trons or positrons is halted by an aluminum
plate4 5amma radiation is damped by lead4
+ouguer .a/)ert+eer" The eer67ambert law also 8nown as
eer9s law the 7ambert6eer law or the eer6
7ambert6ouguer law relates the attenuation of light to
the properties of the material through whi"h the light is
tra3eling4 The law is "ommonly applied to "hemi"al analysis
measurements and used in understanding attenuation in
physi"al opti"s for photons neutrons or rare!ed gases
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%MMA" %oly/ethyl /ethacrylate (%MMA) is a
transparent thermoplasti" often used in sheet
form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternati3e to soda-lime
glass4 The same material "an be utilised as a "asting resin in in8s
and "oatings and also has other uses4
2eigerMueller counter3 2eigerM4ller counter also "alled a 2eiger
counter is an instrument used for measuring
ioni;ing radiation used widely in su"h appli"ations as
radiation dosimetry radiologi"al prote"tion experimental
physi"s and the nu"lear industry4 It dete"ts ioni;ing
radiation su"h as alpha parti"les beta parti"les and gamma
rays using the ioni;ation e<e"t produ"ed in a 5eiger6$ller
tube whi"h gi3es its name to the instrument4 In wide and prominent
use as a hand-held radiation sur3ey instrument it is perhaps one of
the world9s best-8nown radiation dete"tion instruments4
A t&o-piece )ench type 2eigerM4ller counter &ith end-
&indo& detector3
X-ray 'luores"en"e pe"tros"opi": , *hilips *?+@1@ X-ray
Auores"en"e spe"trometer with automated sample feed in a "ement
plant quality "ontrol laboratory
6-ray uorescence 6!8 is the emission of "hara"teristi"
Bse"ondaryB (or Auores"ent) X- rays from a material that has been
ex"ited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays orgamma rays4
The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and
"hemi"al analysis parti"ularly in the in3estigation of metals glass
"erami"s and building materials and for resear"h in geo"hemistry
forensi" s"ien"e and ar"haeology4
The schematic of a beta attenuation monitor (BAM. The
detector
allo!s to assess cumulati"e mass concentration of suspended
particulate matter (PM in the ambient air. #otation$ 1 % air
inlet&
2 % cyclin' ribbon& and ) % beta radiation sources& *1 and
*2
% beta radiation detectors& 5 % air pump& + % air
e,haust
The s"hemati" of a beta attenuation monitor (,$)4 The
dete"tor allows to assess "umulati3e mass "on"entration of
suspended parti"ulate matter (*$) in the ambient air4 Cotation: + 6
air inlet & 6 "y"ling ribbon 2 and D 6 beta radiation sour"es
E+ and E& 6 beta radiation dete"tors F 6 air pump @ 6 air
exhaust
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Applications GG Immissions measuring systems for monitoring !ne
dust GG $obile immissions-measuring GG Eust measurement in health
and safety appli"ations GG Interior dust measurements GG
$easurement and "olle"tion of dust parti"les for hea3y metal
analysis
GG 7ong-term ba"8ground studies in ambient dust "on"entration
GG Eust measurement and "olle"tion at problem sites and
repositories GG Eust measurement for se"ondary emission of
repositories (e4g4 "oal) GG Eust measurement in supply air and
exhaust
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