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Farrukh Protiva by: Professor Muhammad Matiur Rahman,
President, Farrukh Gobeshona Foundation. Published by Morshed
Alam, Jatio Grontho Prokashon, Price : Taka ........., US$ 10.00.
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msw¶ß AvKvi| GKevi c‡o Avevi co‡Z B‡Q nq| evi evi Ave„wË K‡i
g‡b GK Ac~e© fve I Av‡e‡Mi m„wó nq| Avgvi wcÖq Kwe bRi ‡ji gZB
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A_©‣bwZK cÖ‡qvR‡b wm‡×k¦ix nvB¯‥z‡j gwb©s wkd‡U †m ZLb wk¶KZv
K‡i| Kwe diiæL Avng‡`i †Q‡jiv ILv‡b Zvi QvÎ wQj| †m m~‡Î diiæL
Avng‡`i evmvq wM‡qI †m cwiPq K‡i G‡m‡Q| GKw`b Avgv‡KI diiæL
Avng‡`i evmvq wb‡q hvIqvi cÖ ̄ ve w`j| Avwg †Zv we¯§‡q nZevK !
Kwei mv‡_ Ii cwiP‡qi Lei Avgvi Rvbv wQj bv| Avgvi wcÖq AZ eo
Kwei mv‡_ AZ mn‡R cwiPq n‡e †mUv wQj Avgvi Kv‡Q AKíbxq| Avgvi
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diiæL cÖwZfv 15 16 diiæL cÖwZfv
wU‡bi N‡i Kwe ZLb _vK‡Zb cÖvq AvU/ bq Rb m‰ vb-m‰ wZ wb‡q| †m
GKwU N‡iiB mvg‡bi w`‡K LvwbKUv †Niv w`‡q •eVKLvbv evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
ILv‡bB wM‡q emjvg| Kwe‡K Lei †`qvi mvgvb¨ c‡iB Dwb †ei n‡q
G‡jb| jvj UKU‡K `xN© FRy †Pnviv, gv_vq SvK&ov Pzj| †m †m․g¨ Kvw‰
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j¶¨ Kiv hvq| H SuvSv‡jv †Pv‡Li w`‡K mivmwi ZvwK‡q K_v ejv KwVb|
iBmx Avgv‡K Kwei mv‡_ cwiPq Kwi‡q w`j| evsjv wefv‡M Aa¨vcbv
Kwi ï‡b Kwe †hb wKQyUv LywkB n‡jb| A_ev Kwe hLb K_v e‡jb ZLb
me©`v Agwb Lywk‡ZB eywS Zuvi gb I †Pnviv DÏxß n‡Zv| A‡bK¶Y K_v
n‡jv Kwei mv‡_, A_ev ejv P‡j Avgiv A‡bKUv bxie †kªvZv n‡q
m‡¤§vwn‡Zi gZ †Kej Ibvi K_vB ïbjvg| K_v ejvi duv‡K duv‡K mvg‡b
ivLv evUv †_‡K `yÕwZbUv K‡i cvb GKmv‡_ Zz‡j gy‡L cyiwQ‡jb gv‡S
gv‡S| Kwei iw³g Aai cv‡bi i³e‡Y© iwÄZ n‡q GK Ac~e© jvwjgvi m„wó
KiwQj †hb| cvb-LvIqvi g‡a¨ †h AZ Z…wß I Avb‱` _vK‡Z cv‡iÑ
Kwe‡K bv †`L‡j nq‡Zv Avwg KL‡bv wek¦vmB Ki‡Z cviZvg bv| Avgvi
Af¨vm bv _vK‡jI, Zuvi cvb LvIqv †`‡L AvgviI †jvf njÑ A‡bKUv
wb‡Ri AÁv‡ZB evUv †_‡K GKUv cvb Zz‡j gy‡L cyijvg| wK‰‧ LvIqvi
g‡a¨ Agb Z…wß I Avb‱` dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z cvijvg bv wKQy‡ZB|
Zvic‡i gvwjev‡Mi evmvq wM‡q Av‡iv `yÕGKevi Kwei mv‡_ †`Lv
K‡iwQ| wK‰‧ mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK, Avgvi wb‡Ri ga¨Kvi ms‡KvP KvwU‡q Kwei
mv‡_ ZL‡bv †Zgb A‰ i½ n‡q DV‡Z cvwi wb|
†ek wKQyw`b c‡i Kwe wb‡RB GKw`b Lei cvVv‡jb| XvKv †eZvi
†K‡‱`ª wM‡q Zuvi mv‡_ †`Lv Kivi Rb¨| †m 1965 mv‡ji K_v| h_vmg‡q
†mLv‡b Dcw ̄Z n‡j Dwb wb‡R †_‡K Kwe †ngv‡qZ †nv‡mv‡ji m‡½ Avgvi
cwiPq Kwi‡q w`‡jb (†ngv‡qZ †nv‡mb ZLb XvKv †eZvi †K‡‱`ªi †cÖvMÖvg
†cÖvwWDmvi wQ‡jb, cieZx©Kv‡j iscyi AvÂwjK †eZvi †K‡‱`ª cwiPvjK
_vKvKv‡j ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib)| Avgv‡K †`wL‡q GK iKg ûKz‡gi my‡iB
Dwb †ngv‡qZ †nv‡mb‡K †eZv‡i GKwU †cÖvMÖvg †`qvi K_v ej‡jb|
†ngv‡qZ †nv‡mb †m ûKzg Agvb¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| Zvici †_‡K 1971
mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡m GKwU †cÖvMÖvg wb‡Z Avgvi A¯̂xK…wZ Rvbv‡bvi AvM
ch©‰ †eZv‡i wbqwgZ gv‡m `ywU †cÖvMÖvg K‡i G‡mwQ|
m¤ú~Y© AhvwPZ Ges GK iKg AKíbxqfv‡e Kwei Giƒc mü`q
AvPi‡Y †Kej gy» njvg ZvB bq; e¨w³MZfv‡e K…ZÁZv †eva Kijvg|
Ii ci †_‡K gv‡m A‰ Z `yÕGKevi †eZvi Awd‡mB Kwei mv‡_ †`Lv
n‡Zv, wZwb `xN©¶Y a‡i bvbv welq Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb, Pv-wm½viv
LvIqv‡Zb, Zvici Qvov †cZvg| µ‡g Zuvi AvKl©Y Ggb cÖej n‡q DVj
†h gv‡S gv‡S Zuvi evmvq hvIqv ïi Kijvg| ZZw`‡b wZwb B¯‥vUb
Mv‡W©‡b miKvwi fe‡b GKwU d¬v‡U wM‡q D‡V‡Qb|
1969 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i gv‡m Ô•`wbK msMÖv‡gÕ Avwg mvwnZ¨-m¤úv`K
wnmv‡e †hvM`vb Kwi| cwÎKvi mvßvwnK mvwnZ¨ wefvM QvovI we‡kl
msL¨v¸‡jv †ei Kivi `vwqZ¡ wQj Avgvi Dci| cwÎKvwUi cÖ_g AvZ¥cÖÖKvk
N‡U 17 Rvbyqvwi 1970 mb| D‡Øvabx msL¨vwUi mv‡_ GKwU `xN© K‡jei
wewkó (36 c„ôv) we‡kl msL¨v cÖKv‡ki wm×v‰ nq| Avwg Kwe‡K wM‡q
aijvg we‡kl msL¨vi Rb¨ GKwU †jLv †`qvi Rb¨| K‡qK w`b ci Duwb
ÔmsMÖvgÕ kxl©K GKwU KweZv w`‡jb| •`wbK msMÖv‡gi D‡Øvabx msL¨vi cÖ_g
c„ôvq kxl©‡`‡k IUv Qvwc‡qwQjvg| Zvici mvßvwnK mvwnZ¨ wefvM Ges
we‡kl msL¨vi Rb¨ cÖvqB wM‡qwQ Kwei Kv‡Q| cÖvqB GKwU K‡i bZzb
KweZv Dcnvi w`‡q Dwb Avgv‡K ab¨ K‡i‡Qb| †ebv‡g †jLv Kwei
K‡qKwU e¨½ KweZvI msMÖv‡g †Q‡cwQjvg g‡b c‡o|
Kwei †kl Rxe‡b cÖvqB Zuvi evmvq wM‡qwQ| `xN© mgq a‡i Kwei
mvnP‡h© KvwU‡qwQ| wK‰‧ ZLb GKw`‡K wZwb Amy ̄, Av‡iK w`‡K
A_©‣bwZK I mvsmvwiK bvbv Sv‡gjvq wZwb wb`vi Yfv‡e weow¤Ẑ,
ch©y¨` ̄ | GKw`b h_vixwZ Zuvi evmvq wM‡q †`Ljvg Kwe Zuvi •eVKLvbvq
e‡m gvwmK Ôgw`bvÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K gvIjvbv gywnDwÏb Lvb Ges Avi
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w`b¸‡jv‡Z Avwg cÖvq Kwei wbZ¨mnPi nIqv m‡Ë¡I Avgvi `yf©vM¨ekZ Zuvi
g„Zz¨i K‡qK w`b c~‡e© †ivRvi QywU‡Z MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z hvevi Kvi‡Y Avwg Zuvi
Aw‰ g gyn~‡Z© cv‡k G‡m `uvov‡Z cvwi wb|
G ¶z ª̀ MÖ‰ wU †jLv m¤ú‡K© GKwU f‚wgKv w`‡Z PvB| †QvU‡ejv †_‡K wKQy
wKQy †jLvi PP©v KiZvg| 1958 mb †_‡K wewfb′ RvZxq cwÎKvq Avgvi wKQy
†jLv QvcvI n‡Z _v‡K| wK‰‧ †jLK wnmv‡e †Kv‡bviƒc cÖwmw× AR©b Ki‡Z
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Ki‡Zb| Kwei g„Zz¨i ci Zuvi †mB Awf‡hv‡Mi myi Zxeª †_‡K ZxeªZi n‡q
Avgvi ü`q‡K we× Ki‡Z _v‡K| Ae‡k‡l GB ¶z ª̀ MÖ‰ wU iPbvi ga¨ w`‡q
Zuvi cÖwZ Avgvi Acwimxg F‡Yi †evSv wKwÂr nvév Kivi cÖqvm|
Kwe Kíbvq †h gi -wenvi K‡i‡Qb, NUbvµ‡g †m gi f‚wgi †`k- ỳevB
bMix‡Z e‡m G MÖ‰ wU iPbv Kwi| cweÎ n¾ Dcj‡¶ ỳÕevi †m․w` Avie mdi
KiviI my‡hvM n‡q‡Q| ZvB G MÖ‰ iPbvi mgq Kwei Kí-RMr‡K †hgb
A‡bKUv ev ̄ ‡e Ae‡jvKb Kivi myweav †c‡qwQ, Avevi †Zgwb ej‡Z wØav
†bBÑ cÖev‡m e‡m Kwei e¨vcK mvwnZ¨-K‡g©i Dc‡i h_vh_ Av‡jvPbv Kivi
diiæL cÖwZfv 17 18 diiæL cÖwZfv
gZ DcKi‡YiI wb`vi Y Afve †eva K‡iwQ| ZvB ¯̂fveZB MÖ‰ wU‡Z wKQy
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„̀wó‡Z Zv nq‡Zv gv‡S gv‡S DrKU n‡q aiv co‡Z cv‡i| cieZx© ms ‥̄iY †ei
Kivi my‡hvM †c‡j MÖ‰ wU‡K h_vmva¨ Î wUgy³ K‡i cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q AwaKZi
AvKl©Yxq K‡i Zzjevi cÖqvm cve| AvcvZZ Gi †P‡q †ekx wKQy ejvi †`LwQ
bv|
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m‡Ë¡I eBwU cwiKíbv Abyhvqx m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z cvijvg bv| Kwei mgMÖ Kve¨
I mvwnZ¨v‡jvPbv Avgvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj| wK‰‧ G‡Z gvÎ PviwU wewkó Kv‡e¨i
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G Av‡jvPbv c~Y©v½ Kivi Avkv ivLwQ|
cwi‡k‡l, Ôevsjv mvwnZ¨ cwil`Õ G MÖ‰ wU cÖKv‡ki `vwqZ¡ †bqvq Avwg
cwil‡`i mv‡_ mswkó mK‡ji cÖwZ, we‡klZ Gi cwiPvjK, Avgvi `xN©w`‡bi
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fvRb Avng` AvLZv‡ii cÖwZ| †m Avgv‡K Kwei wKQy n ̄ wjwc I ỳ®úÖvc¨ Qwe
gy ª̀‡Yi Rb¨ w`‡q G MÖ‡‰ i †m․ôe e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q|
gyn¤§` gwZDi ingvb
diiæL cÖwZfv 19 20 diiæL cÖwZfv
diiæL Avng`t Rxeb I mvwnZ¨
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg †kªô †g․wjK cÖwZfvai kw³gvb Kwe diiæL
Avng`| Zuvi Rb¥ e„nËi h‡kvi †Rjvi gv¸iv gnKzgvi (eZ©gv‡b †Rjv)
A‰ M©Z gvSAvBj MÖv‡g 1918 mv‡ji 10 Ryb Ges 1974 mv‡ji 19
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bvbv •ewPΨ I •ewk‡ó¨ Abb¨mvaviY|
diiæL Avng`‡K wewfb′ Rb wewfb′fv‡e g~j¨vq‡bi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb|
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Zuv‡K we‡klY Kivi A_© Kwe‡K LwÊZ Kiv| dii ‡Li wbKU ÔBmjvgÕ,
gymwjgÕ, ÔgvbeZvev`Õ, HwZn¨ GmeB gy`ªvi wewfb′ w`K gvÎ| wZwb `„pfv‡e
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cÖwZdjb NwU‡q‡Qb| Bmjv‡g wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y wZwb gymwjg RvwZi
beRvMiY cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb Ges †mLvb †_‡K wZwb gvbeZvev‡`i †cÖiYv
jvf K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, Avj -vn-cÖ`Ë Rxebv`k© BmjvgB
gvbeRvwZi mKj mgm¨vi myôy, my‱`i mgvavb w`‡Z m¶g| G‡Z gymwjg-
Agymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l mKj gvby‡li gyw³ I Kj¨vY mywbwðZ| †m Kvi‡Y wZwb
GKvav‡i Bmjv‡gi cybR©vMiY, gymwjg beRvMiY, gymwjg HwZn¨ I
gvbeZvev‡`i ewjô cÖe³v| wK‰‧ m‡e©vcwi diiæL GKRb wkí-mdj
AvaywbK Kwe|
Bmjvgx †i‡bmuvi Kwe wnmv‡e L¨vZ diiæL Zuvi Kve¨-KweZvq mivmwi
Bmjv‡gi K_v DPviY K‡ibwb| cÖZxK I iƒcK‡íi gva¨‡g wZwb Zuvi
•ewkó¨c~Y© Kve¨-fvlvq, AmvaviY Kve¨-KzkjZvq †h ewjó fve I Av‡e`b
dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb, Zv Bmjv‡gi e¨Äbv‡KB cÖg~Z© K‡i †Zv‡j| GLv‡bB Zuvi
Abb¨mvaviY K…wZZ¡ I we¯§qKi Kve¨-cÖwZfvi gwnggq AZy¨¾¡j cÖKvk|
AvaywbK evsjv Kve¨ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë (1824-73) †_‡K mg~ZM
n‡q iex‱`ªbv_ VvKz‡i (1861-1941) G‡m cwiYZiƒc jvf K‡i‡Q| KvRx
bRi j Bmjv‡g (1899-1976) Zv bZzb evuK wb‡q‡Q| fve-welq, fvlv-
e¨Äbvq bRi j-Kve¨ GK Awfbe Awfe¨Äbv jvf K‡i‡Q| iex‱`ªbv_ I
bRi j Bmjv‡gi mgKv‡jB cvðvZ¨ Kve¨v`‡k© AbycÖvwYZ wZwi‡ki Kweiv
evsjv Kv‡e¨ Av‡iK bZzb myi I AbyiYb m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wZwi‡ki D¾¡jZg
Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ Rxebvb‱` `vm (1899-1954), myax‱`ªbv_ `Ë (1901-61),
Awgq PµeZ©x (1901-86), †cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ (1904-88), eyׇ`e emy
(1908-74), weòz †` (1909-82), mgi †mb (1916-87) cÖgyL ¯̂ ¯̂
‣ewk‡ó¨ D¾¡j nIqv m‡Ë¡I mK‡jB iex‱`ª-cÖfve †_‡K gyw³-cÖqvmx|
bRi ‡ji Kvwe¨K DPviY I DËv‡c AbycÖvwYZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I bRi ‡ji
fve-fvlvi mv‡_ Zuviv KL‡bv mvRyh¨ Lyu‡R cvbwb| bRi j Zuvi wfb′
mvgvwRK cUf~wg I wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡YB Ab¨‡`i †_‡K ¯̂gwngvq D¾¡j n‡q
Av‡Qb|
wZwi‡kvËi hy‡M evsjv Kv‡e¨ Av‡iK wfb′ avivi Kwe RmxgD`&`xb
(1903-76)| wZwb GK ¯̂Z‰¿ •ewkó¨c~Y© avivi Abymvix ev cÖe©ZK| wZwb
cj-x-Rxe‡bi wPÎ, cjxi mvaviY gvbyl, fve I welq‡K aviY K‡i mvaviY
MY-gvby‡li fvlvq Zuvi Kv‡e¨i wewPÎ fyeb iPbv K‡ib| bRi ‡ji mv‡_
Zuvi wKQzUv mvRyh¨ _vK‡jI fve-fvlv-DPviY I Kvwe¨K wm′»Zvq wZwb
m¤ú~Y© ¯̂Z‰¿ GK D¾¡j Kwe-cÖwZfv| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wZwb ÔcjxKweÕ wnmv‡e
we‡kl L¨vwZ AR©b Ki‡jI g~jZ wZwb GKRb wbR¯̂ avivi AvaywbK Kwe|
Kve¨-‡¶‡Î diiæL Avng‡`i hLb Avwef©ve-ZLb iex‱`ªbv‡_i
Rxebvemvb N‡U‡Q, bRi j evKi × n‡q c‡o‡Qb| RmxgD`&`xb I
wZwi‡kvËi hy‡Mi Kwe‡`i ZLb cÖej `vcU Pj‡Q| Zv m‡Ë¡I diiæL
Avng` Zuvi wbR¯̂ •ewkó¨ wb‡q Avwef~©Z n‡q mK‡ji mcÖmsk `„wó AvKl©Y
K‡ib| Zvui G •ewkó¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q Kv‡e¨i wewPÎ iƒcixwZ, wkí-•bcyY¨,
iƒcK-Dcgv-cÖZxK-iƒcK‡íi Awfbe e¨envi I wbR¯̂ Kve¨-fvlv wbg©v‡Yi
AmvaviY mvd‡j¨i Dci wfwË K‡i| wZwb GKvav‡i MxwZ KweZv, m‡bU,
e¨½ KweZv, Mvb-MRj, wkï‡Zvl Kve¨, gnvKve¨, Kve¨bvU¨, MxwZbvU¨,
e¨½bvU¨ BZ¨vw` iPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb g~jZ †ivgvw‱UK, wK‰‧ Zuvi wKQz wKQz
Kve¨ KweZvq aª c` •ewk‡ó¨i Qvc ¯úó| BsivwR mvwn‡Z¨i †gavex QvÎ
wnmv‡e di&i L GKvav‡i AvaywbK BsivwR mvwn‡Z¨i w©kí-‣ewk‡ó¨i mv‡_
AvaywbK evsjv Kv‡e¨i D¾ ¡jZg wkí-•ewk‡ó¨i mg‰^q NwU‡q mdj Kve¨-
m¤¢vi wbg©v‡Y eªZx n‡q‡Qb|
iƒcK-Dcgv-cÖZxK-iƒcK‡íi e¨envi Kv‡e¨i †m․‱`h© I AvKl©Y e„w×
K‡i| `ywbqvi Zver mvwn‡Z¨ cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB Gm‡ei e¨envi P‡j
Avm‡Q| AvaywbK Kweiv G‡ÿ‡Î AwaKZi m‡PZb Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zvi
diiæL cÖwZfv 21 22 diiæL cÖwZfv
wbR¯̂Zvi Qvc ivLvq m‡Pó| diiæL Avng` G‡¶‡Î wewkóZvq D¾¡j|
`yÕGKwU D`vniY w`wQ-
†K‡U‡Q iwOb gLgj w`b, bZzb mdi AvR,
ïbwQ Avevi †bvbv `wiqvq WvK,
fv‡m †RviIqvi gD‡Ri wk‡i m‡d` Puvw`i ZvR,
cvnvo-eyj‱` †XD eÕ†q Av‡b †bvbv `wihvi WvK;
bZzb cvwb‡Z mdi Gevi, †n gvwS wm‱`ev`|
(wm›`ev`t mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS)
mgy`ª †_‡K mgy`ª †Nv‡i `wiqvi kv`v ZvRx!
Ly‡ii nj&Kv,-aviv‡jv `uv‡oi AvNv‡Z dzj&wK R¡‡j
mgy`ª †_‡K mgy‡`ª †Nv‡i `wiqvq kv`v ZvRx...
†Kki †dvjv‡bv cv‡j jv‡M nvIqv, gv ‧̄‡j †`v‡j Puv`,
Zvivi Av¸‡b c_ †e‡Q †bq ¯̂‡c′iv mvivivZ,
(wm›`ev`t mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS)
ZvRx Qz‡U P‡j `yi‰ MwZ `ye©vi DQj;
mvivivZ fwiÕ †Zvjcvo KwiÕ `wiqvi †bvbvRj|
†f‡O †d‡jv AvR Lv‡Ki ggZv AvKv‡k D‡V‡Q Puv`,
`wiqvi ey‡K `vgvj †Rvqvi fvO‡Q evjyi evua,
wQ‡o †d‡j AvR Av‡qgx iv‡Zi gLgj-Aemv`,
bZzb cvwb‡Z nvj Ly‡j `vI, †n gvwS wm‱`vev`!
(evÕi `wiqvqt mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS)
†Mva~wj-Zij †mB nwi‡Yi Zwbgv cvUj
-Aw ̄i we`y¨r, Zvi euvKv wk‡O †f‡m Gj Puv`,
mvZ mvM‡ii ey‡K †mB ïay, Av‡jvK-PÂj;
AÜKvi aby nv‡Z Zxi †Quv‡o ivwÎi wblv`|
(e›`‡i mܨvt mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS)
H Av‡m Av‡m †mB wen½ mvZiOv Zvi †k¦Z cvLvq,
AvKv‡ki eyK Nb n'‡q I‡V bxj giKZ ¯̂QZvq,
†mvbvjx Av‡jvq k¦vc` ivwÎ AvnZ, jyß wb‡gl gv‡S;
w_i-we`y¨r Avfv Zi½ Av‡jv‡Ki myi AvKv‡k ev‡R|
(wmivRvg gybxiv gyn¤§` gy¯—dvt wmivRvg gybxiv)
Avgvi û`q ̄ ä, †evev nÕ†q Av‡Q †e`bvq,
†hgb c‡Ùi Kzuwo wbi Ëi _v‡K wngiv‡Z,
†hgb wbtm½ cvLx GKv Avi †d‡ibv evmv‡Z;
†Zgwb Avgvi gb gyw³ Avi †Luv‡Rbv K_vq|
(K¬vwš—t gyny‡Z©i KweZv)
AÜKvi AvR`vnvi †eóbx‡Z cÖvYx I cÖv‡Yi
mvov bvB| GLv‡b Rvjvjvev‡` †`wL G‡m
wng-wm³ K¤^‡ji gZ ivwÎ †X‡K‡Q wbt‡k‡l
mg ̄ Av‡jvK iwk¥ c„w_exi mKj c‡_i|
(wm‡jU †ók‡b GKwU kx‡Zi cÖfvZt gyny‡Z©i KweZv )
DׄZ cOwZgvjv‡Z dii ‡Li iƒcK-Dcgv-cÖZxK-iƒcKí e¨env‡ii
AwfbeZ¡ I AmvaviY K…wZZ¡ mKj‡K we¯§q-wegy» K‡i| wZwb iƒcK-
Dcgv-cÖZxK-iƒcK‡íi e¨env‡i MZvbyMwZK aviv I ixwZ AbymiY bv K‡i
wbR¯̂ •ewkó¨ I m„RbkxjZvi Qvc †i‡L‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î wZwb GKvav‡i cÖK…wZ
mÄvZ, HwZwn¨K I eyw×`xß ixwZi AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| Kwe wnmv‡e GUv Zuvi
mvd‡j¨i Ab¨Zg cÖavb gvcKvwV|
dii ‡Li me©vwaK D‡jL‡hvM¨ mvdj¨ m¤¢eZ Zuvi wbR¯̂ Kve¨-fvlv
wbgv©‡Yi †¶‡Î| G‡¶‡Î wZwb A‡bKUv bRi j‡K AbymiY Ki‡jI
bRi ‡ji ûeû AbyK„wZ bv K‡i wZwb Zuvi wbR¯̂ •ewkó¨ dzwU‡q Zy‡j‡Qb|
ga¨hy‡M gymwjg kvmbvg‡j iwPZ mvwn‡Z¨i fvlv‡K GKmgq Ôcuyw_i fvlvÕ,
Ôgymjgvbx hevbÕ, ÔAviwe-dviwm wg‡kj fvlvÕ A_ev Ôdviwm evsjvÕ wnmv‡e
ZzQ-ZvwQj¨ K‡i AcvO‡Zq K‡i ivLv n‡jI evOvwj gymwj‡gi †mUvB
Avmj I AK…wÎg fvlv| bRi j †m fvlv‡K Zuvi Kv‡e¨ ̄vb w`‡q‡Qb|
G‡¶‡Î bRi j‡K A‡b‡KB AbymiY Kivi †Póv K‡ib| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨
diiæL Avng` me©vwaK mdj| wZwb Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi e¨env‡i AwaKZi
cwiwgwZ I •bcy‡Y¨i cwiPq w`‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| Gfv‡e wZwb Zuvi Kv‡e¨
wbR¯̂ fvlvixwZ Pvjy K‡i Amvgvb¨ mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Qb| `yÕ GKwU
D`vniY w`wQ-
nvRvi Øx‡ci e` i~m‡gi Dc‡i jvbZ nvwbÕ
wKkZxi gy‡L †div‡qwQ †gviv Uvwb-
eyivCi mv‡_ †c‡qwQ fvjvB AdzivY wRw‱`Mx,
Ave&j~~m-Nb Avuav‡i †cLg Ly‡j‡Q iv‡Zi wkLx|
Avi †_‡K †_‡K `gKv evZv‡m bvwi‡Kj kv‡L nvIqv
†fvjv‡q‡Q me †c‡ikvwb, ïi n'‡q‡Q MRj MvIqv
myivZ Rvgvj RIqvwbi †Vuv‡U †K‡U‡Q ¯̂c′ ivZ
ï‡bwQ †bkvi †Nvi †K‡U †h‡Z G‡m‡Q bqv cÖfvZ|
diiæL cÖwZfv 23 24 diiæL cÖwZfv
(wm›`ev`t mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS)
KZ †h Avuavi c`©v cviv‡q †fvi nÕj Rvwb bv Zv|
bvi½x e‡b Kuvc‡Q meyR cvZv|
`yqv‡i †Zvgvi mvZ-mvM‡ii †Rvqvi G‡b‡Q †dbv|
Zey RvM‡j bv? Zey Zzwg RvM‡j bv?
mvZ-mvM‡ii gvwS †P‡q †`‡Lv `yqv‡i Wv‡K RvnvR,
APj Qwe †m, Zm&wei †hb `uvov‡q i‡q‡Q AvR|
(mvZ mvMv‡ii gvwSt mvZ mMv‡ii gvwS)
Zzwg wK fy‡jQ je½ dzj, Gjv‡Pi †g․mygx,
†hLv‡b a~wj‡Z, KuvK‡i w`‡bi Rvdivb †Lv‡j Kwj,
†hLv‡b gy» Bqvm&wg‡bi ïå jjvU Pzwg
cixi †`‡ki ¯̂c′-‡m‡nwj Rv‡M ¸‡j eKvIjx|
(mvZ mvMv‡ii gvwSt mvZ mMv‡ii gvwS)
w ̄i nI ev`kv †bKbvg| mvgvb¨ Lvw`g Avwg
Bb&mv‡bi, Zey ewj, Gjvwni †iRvgw‱` †P‡q
†h nq wL`gZMvi gvby‡li wK¤v̂ gLjy‡Ki
nq bv †m †Kvb w`b L¨vwZi c~Rvix| †h gywgb,
gyRvwn`, wek¦vmx †h, nq bv †m AvbZ KL‡bv;
nq bv †m bZwki Avjv Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv Kv‡Q|
hw` †m cÖjyä nq a″sm K‡i mËv †m wb‡Ri,
Am‡Z¨i fvievnx g‡i †mB ¸givnv cÖvY
Aei × nq hw` L¨vwZ, A_©, ¯̂v‡_©i wcći|
(†b․‡dj I nv‡Zg)
hyM-‡PZbv cÖ‡Z¨K eo Kwei GKwU we‡kl j¶Y| hyM-‡PZbv Kwei
Kve¨‡K e¨vcK RbM‡Yi wbKU AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨ K‡i †Zv‡j|
ejvevûj¨, KvwjK NUbv ci¤úivi ûeû eY©bv‡K ejv nq BwZnvm, Avi †m
eY©bv hLb Kwei Kíbv I AwfÁZvi RviK i‡m Awfwl³ n‡q Kve¨-¯̂iƒ‡c
Dc ̄vwcZ nq, ZLb †mUv‡K ejv nq HwZn¨ †PZbvmg„× mvwnZ¨| diiæL
Avng` cÖK…Z Rxebwkíx wnmv‡e hy‡Mi PÂjZv I Av‡eM‡K aviY K‡i‡Qb,
wK‰‧ hy‡Mi KjKÉ DPviY‡K wZwb mh‡Z′ cwinvi K‡i‡Qb| hyM-‡PZbv I
Av‡eM‡K ü`‡qi m~²Z‰¿x‡Z aviY K‡i wZwb Zv iƒcK I cÖZx‡Ki gva¨‡g
is-Zzwj, myi-Q‡‱`i Awfbe e¨Äbvq eY©vX¨ I Kvwe¨K gwngvq cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi mgKv‡j msNwUZ wØZxq wek¦hy× (1939-45), hy×RwbZ
cÂv‡ki g‰^‰ ‡i (evsjv 1350) j¶ j¶ wbib′ gvby‡li Ki Y g„Z z̈,
1940 mv‡j M„nxZ gymwjg jx‡Mi Ôjv‡nvi cÖ¯ v‡eÕi wfwˇZ cvwK¯ vb
Av‡‱`vjb, 1946 mv‡j AbywôZ MY‡fvU, mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v, cvwK ̄ vb
cÖwZôv (1947), fvlv Av‡‱`vjb (1947-1952), cvwK ̄ v‡bi ZrKvwjb
kvmK‡`i †kvlY, `yb©xwZ, ‣elg¨ I AvkvnZ ewÂZ RYM‡Yi wb`vi Y
AvwZ©, 1965 mv‡j msNwUZ cvK-fviZ hy×, 1969 mv‡ji MYAfz¨Ìvb,
1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy×, j¶ j¶ Rxe‡bi wewbg‡q cÖwZwôZ ¯̂vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki Af~¨`q, ¯̂vaxbZv cieZx© Kv‡ji `ybx©wZ-AbvPvi-AivRKZv,
1974 mv‡ji `ywf©‡¶ AmsL¨ gvby‡li Ki Y g„Zz¨ BZ¨vw` gvbweK Avkv-
AvKvs¶v, myL-`ytL, mvdj¨ I wech©q diiæL Kv‡e¨ cÖvYe‰ iƒc jvf
K‡i‡Q| G †_‡K my¯úó nq †h, diiæL Avng` wQ‡jb GKRb hyM-m‡PZb
cÖK…Z Rxebwkíx| Zuvi Kve¨-KweZvq hy‡Mi AvwZ© cÖg~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q|
diiæL Avng‡`i Ô‡n eb¨ ¯̂‡c′ivÕ, ÔmvZ mvM‡ii gvwSÕ, ÔAvRv` Ki
cvwK ̄ vbÕ, ÔwmivRvg gybxivÕ, ÔKv‡djvÕ, Ôgyn~‡Z©i KweZvÕ I wewfb′ e¨½
Kve¨-KweZvq wZwb e¨w³ I mgv‡Ri ¯̂c′-Kíbv, Avkv-AvKvLv I
Avkvf‡½i gg©‰ ` Ae¯ v wbweo Abyl‡½ A‰ i½ AbyfywZi Av‡jvq
cÖvYe‰ K‡i Zy‡j‡Qb| GKvi‡Y diiæL Avng`‡K h_v_©B GKRb hyM-
m‡PZb Rxebwkíx wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv P‡j| wZwb Zuvi Kvj‡K aviY
K‡i KvjvZxZ wk‡íi A¶q wb`k©b †i‡L †M‡Qb| G‡Z Kwe wnmv‡e Zuvi
Abb¨ kw³gËvi cwiPq my¯úó n‡q I‡V|
diiæL Avng‡`i wewPÎ iPbv-m¤¢vi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i fvÊvi‡K mg„×
K‡i‡Q| wZwb cÖavbZ Kwe| ZvB Zuvi iwPZ MÖ‰ vewji g‡a¨ Kv‡e¨i msL¨vB
AwaK| GQvov, wZwb †QvUMí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK I wKQzmsL¨K cÖeÜ iPbv
K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ Zuvi iwPZ cÖeܸ‡jv AvRI MÖ‰ e× nqwb| wb‡P Zuvi
iPbvewji GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡jvt
MxwZKve¨t mvZ mvM‡ii gvwS (1944), AvRv` K‡iv cvwK¯ vb (1946),
wmivRvg gybxiv (1952), diiæL Avng‡`i †kªô KweZv (1970), †n eb¨
¯̂‡c′iv (1976), Kv‡djv (1980), nv‡e`v gi i Kvwnbx (1981), wKm&mv
Kvwnbx (1984)|
m‡bUt gyn~‡Z©i KweZv (1963), w`ji ev (1994), Aby¯^i (e¨½ KweZv)|
Mvbt i³ †Mvjve, Kve¨MxwZ, gnwdj (cÖ_g I wØZxq LÊ 1987)|
gnvKve¨t nv‡Zg ZvÕqx (1966)|
Kve¨bvU¨t †b․‡dj I nv‡Zg (1961)|
MxwZbvU¨t AvbviKwj (1966)|
diiæL cÖwZfv 25 26 diiæL cÖwZfv
M`¨ e¨½ bvwUKvt ivR-ivRiv (1948)|
e¨½ KweZvt †avjvB Kve¨ (dvi K gvngy` m¤úvw`Z) (1963), wemM©
(iPbvKvj 1946-48), HwZnvwmK-A‣bwZnvwmK Kve¨ (1991), nvjKv
†jLv, Zm&weibvgv, imi½|
Abyev` Kve¨t BKev‡ji wbe©vwPZ KweZv (1980), KziAvb gÄylv,
Avgcviv (KziAvb kwi‡di 29 wU m~ivi Abyev`)|
†QvUMít diiæL Avng‡`i Mí (1990)
Dcb¨vm t wmKv‱`vi kvÕi †Nvov (GKwU Am¤ú~Y© Dcb¨vm)|
wkï‡Zvl Kve¨t cvwLi evmv (1965), nd‡ii Qov (1968), bZzb †jLv
(1969), Qovi Avmi-1 (1970), wPwoqvLvbv (1980), dz‡ji Rjmv
(1985), nvév †jLv, Qovi Avmi-2, Qovi Avmi-3, muvS mKv‡ji wKm&mv,
Av‡jvKjZv, Lywki Qov, gRvi Qov, cvwLi Qov, is gkvj, †Rvo ni‡di
Qov, covi ïi , †cvKvgvKo|
cvV¨-cy¯‘K t bqv RvgvZ (cÖ_g fvM) (1950), bqv RvgvZ (wØZxq fvM)
(1950), bqv RvgvZ (Z…Zxq fvM) (1950), bqv RvgvZ (PZz_© fvM) (1950)
Dc‡iv³ MÖ‰ -ZvwjKv †_‡K diiæL Avng‡`i 51wU MÖ‡‰ i cwiPq cvIqv
hvq| Gig‡a¨ Zuvi RxebKv‡j AwZ AímsL¨K MÖ‰ B cÖKvwkZ nq| Zuvi g„Zz¨i
ci AwaKvsk MÖ‰ cÖKvwkZ n‡jI cvÊywjwc AvKv‡i Av‡iv wKQz MÖ‰ i‡q‡Q Ges
AMÖw‰ Z †ek wKQz KweZv I bvbv ai‡bi †jLv i‡q‡Q, hv MÖ‰ vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ
nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| ỳf©vM¨ekZ Zuvi cÖKvwkZ MÖ‰ mg~‡ni AwaKvskB eZ©gv‡b
ỳ®cÖvc¨| d‡j dii ‡Li cVb-cvVb I g~j¨vqb A‡bKUv ỳtmva¨ n‡q
c‡o‡Q| ZvB evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i GZ eo GKRb Kwe Avgv‡`i Ae‡njvq eZ©gv‡b
A‡bKUv we¯§„Z n‡Z P‡j‡Qb| G‡¶‡Î miKvix-‡emiKvix wewfb′ ch©v‡q
D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv GLb mg‡qi Acwinvh© `vwe|
dii ‡Li mgMÖ iPbvewj ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i Zuvi cÖwZfvi wekvjZ¡, Zuvi
iPbvi •ewPΨ I welqe ‧̄i e¨vcKZv m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB aviYv Kiv P‡j| diiæL
Avng` GKRb wkí-m‡PZb Kwe| wewfb′ fvlvi mvwnZ¨ we‡klZ wek¦e‡iY¨
Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i myweL¨vZ mvwnZ¨-K‡g©i mv‡_ Zuvi cwiPq wQj| wZwb †mme
mvwn‡Z¨i fve, wkí-KzkjZv, eY©bvf½x I mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv wb‡q
evsjv fvlvq h_v_© wkí-my‱`i mvwnZ¨-m¤¢vi Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡e wZwb
KL‡bv KvD‡K AbyKiY K‡ibwb| h_v_© †g․wjK cÖwZfv KL‡bv KvD‡K AbyKiY
K‡i bv| Z‡e Zuviv DrK…ó D`vniY I Aby‡cÖiYv MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb Ges wkí-
cÖKiYMZ wewfb′ fw½ I „̀wó‡K Kv‡R jvMvevi cÖqvm cvb| diiæL Avng`
wQ‡jb h_v_© m„wókxj †g․wjK cÖwZfvi AwaKvix Kwe| wZwb Zuvi fve-fvlv-
e¨Äbv I Av‡e`‡bi w`K w`‡q Kv‡e¨i GK gnxqvb, `xwßgvb, ¯̂Z‰¿ fyeb
wbg©v‡Y m¶g n‡q‡Qb| Kwe wnmv‡e GUv Zuvi GK Abb¨ •ewkó¨|
diiæL Avng‡`i Kv‡e¨i eY©bv, welq I DcRxe¨ eû wewPÎ| Zuvi Kv‡e¨
GKw`‡K †hgb evsjvi meyR cÖK…wZ, bvbv dm‡j c~Y© gvV, b`x-bvjv, dz‡ji
myevm, cvwLi Kj-KvKwj, b`xfv½b, eb¨v-c-veb, Liv-e„wói cÖfv‡e msMÖvg-
gyLi evOvwji Rxeb-‣ewPΨ dy‡U D‡V‡Q, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb i‡q‡Q w`M‰ -
we ̄ vix, a~mi gi f‚wg, Avie¨ Rbc`, So-MwZm¤úb′ ZvRx †Nvov,
Ôgi f~wgi RvnvRÕ bv‡g L¨vZ ª̀ ZMwZi DU, w`M‰ -we ̄ vix meyR
†LRyiexw_ I giæ A‡ji gvby‡li wewPÎ cÖwZK…wZ| Av‡iv i‡q‡Q w`M‰ -
†Quvqv bxj mgy ª̀, DËvj Zi½-we‡¶vf, ỳtmvnmx Awfhvw·Ki msMÖvggyLi
Awek¦vm¨ Rxe‡bi ỳi‰ AvKzwZ| Zuvi Kíbvi wekvj fye‡b gvwU-gvbyl-
cÖK…wZ, mgy ª̀, AvKvk I gi f‚wgi mxgvnxb we ̄ vi| ¯̂c′-mv‡a m¤úb′ gvbyl
†mLv‡b wbi‰ i msMÖvg-gyLi| G †ivgvw‱UK ¯̂c′vQb′Zv I Rxe‡bi KwVb ev ̄
eZvi mg‰̂‡q dii ‡Li KweZvq GK ỳi‰ Av‡eM I MwZgqZv m„wó
n‡q‡Q, evsjv Kv‡e¨ hv wbZv‰ ỳj©f| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Ab¨‡Kvb Kwei eY©bvq
Giƒc wekvj, we ̄ …Z B‡R‡j is-iƒ‡ci web¨vm I wewPÎ my‡ii †gvnbxq SsKvi
~̀wY©ix¶|
Bmjvgx HwZn¨ I fveaviv dii L-Kv‡e¨i g~j Aby‡cÖiYv I †K‱ ª̀xq
welq| wK‰‧ agx©q ZË¡K_v Zuvi Kv‡e¨ ̄vb cvqwb| wPi‰ b gvbeZvi
my‱`iZg Av`k© wnmv‡e wZwb cÖZxKx †`¨vZbv I Kvwe¨K e¨Äbvq ev¯ e
Rxebvbyf‚wZi mv‡_ Awewgkª K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb Bmjv‡gi g~j Av`k© I cÖvY-
m¤ú`| diiæL Avng` cÖK…Z Rxeb-wkíx| ZvB Zuvi Av`k©-†PZbvi mv‡_
gvbweK AvwZ©, †cÖg-fvjevmv, Avb‱`-†e`bv, Ø‱Ø-we‡¶vf I AvwZ©i cvkvcvwk
Bmjvgx †PZbv ¯̂vfvweK I mnR-¯̂Q‱` iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q, nZvkvc~Y© Rxeb-
msMÖv‡g Bmjvgx Av`k© AÜKvi, wbivK‚j, A‣_ mvM‡ii ey‡K aª eZvivi
ỳ¨wZgq Av‡jvK-iwk¥i we ̄ vi NwU‡q‡Q| Kwei wbKU Bmjvg †Kvb cÖ_vMZ
ag© bq, mgm¨v-msKzj c„w_ex‡Z GUv mªóv-cÖ`Ë GKgvÎ Aåv‰ Rxebv`k© hv
hy‡M hy‡M gvbe RvwZ‡K gyw³i Awbevh© c_ cÖ`k©b K‡i G‡m‡Q|
GQvov, nvév iwmKZv, e¨½-we ª̀ƒcc~Y© eyw×`xß iPbv Ges wkï‡Zvlg~jK
bvbv wel‡qi wewPÎ mgvnvi j¶¨ Kiv hvq Zuvi Kv‡e¨| dii ‡Li Dcjwä I
Rxeb „̀wó hw`I w ̄i I m‡‱`nvZxZiƒ‡c GK mywbw ©̀ó j‡¶¨i Awfmvix, †nivi
†R¨vwZ©gq Av‡jvK-iwk¥i AbymvixÑZey Zuvi Kv‡e¨i welqe ‧̄ e¨vcK, ewY©j I
•ewP‡Î¨ Aciƒc| Kwe hw`I KíbvPvix I †ivgvw‱UK fvevjyZvq AvQb′, Zey
Zuvi Kve¨-fvebv Rxeb-AwfÁZv I ev ̄ eZvi ¯úk©-weewR©Z bq| ZvB †`Lv
diiæL cÖwZfv 27 28 diiæL cÖwZfv
hvq, Kwe ¯̂c′Pvix, gi Pvix I mgy ª̀Pvix nIqv m‡Ë¡I evi evi AvU‡c․‡p
Rxe‡bi MÊx‡Z wd‡i G‡m‡Qb, evsjvi cwjgvwUi †Lvjv cªv‰ ‡i, †gN‡g ỳi
QvqvQb′ cvwL WvKv meyR cÖK…wZi ey‡K ¯̂Q‱` wenvi K‡i‡Qb, evsjvi
b`xfv½b, Liv-c-veb, So-Zv‡c wech© ̄ wbib′, eyfy¶, wbcxwoZ gvby‡li
cv‡k G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Qb| diiæL Avng`‡K ZvB KL‡bv GK‡N‡q g‡b nq bv|
welqe ‧̄i G e¨vcKZv I •ewPΨ dii L-Kv‡e¨i D‡jL‡hvM¨ •ewkó¨|
diiæL Avng‡`i Kve¨cv‡V Zuvi cÖwZfvi kw³gËv, m„wói e¨vcKZv I
welqe ‧̄i •ewPΨ m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv Kiv P‡j|
welqe ‧̄i mv‡_ Kv‡e¨i Avw½K I iƒcixwZi †¶‡ÎI diiæL Avng`
•ewPΨ wb‡q G‡m‡Qb| AvaywbK evsjv Kv‡e¨i wewfb′ kvLv †hgb gnvKve¨,
m‡bU, MxwZ KweZv, wkï‡Zvl KweZv, e¨½-imvZ¥K KweZv, Mvb-MRj,
Kve¨bvU¨, MxwZbvU¨, e¨½-bvUK BZ¨vw` wewfb′ iƒcixwZ‡Z, wewPÎ Q‱`-myi
Avi w©kíxZ eY©vX¨ DPvi‡Y Zuvi mvwnZ¨ •ewkó¨gq n‡q D‡V‡Q| mvwn‡Z¨i
wewPÎ cÖk Í̄ †Lvjv cÖv½‡Y Kwei Abvqvm wePiY, Abykxjb I wbcyY c`PviYv
cvVK‡K hyMcr Avbw‱`Z I we¯§q-cyj‡K Awff‚Z K‡i|
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ga¨hyM †_‡K Kvwnbx Kv‡e¨i aviv P‡j Avm‡Q| wK‰‧
BD‡ivcxq mvwn‡Z¨i AbyKi‡Y evsjv Kv‡e¨ gnvKv‡e¨i m„wó AvaywbKKv‡j
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `‡Ëi nv‡Z| gaym~`‡bi Ô†gNbv` ea Kve¨Õ evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g Ges mv_©K gnvKve¨| gaym~`‡bi mgKv‡j Zuvi Abymi‡Y
A‡b‡KB gnvKve¨ iPbvq D‡`¨vMx nb| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ †ngP‱`ª, bexbP‱`ª,
Kvq‡Kvev`, •mq` BmgvBj †nv‡mb wmivRx cÖgyL we‡kl D‡jL‡hvM¨|
gnvKve¨ iPbvi aviv hLb †kl nIqvi c‡_ ZLb diiæL Avng` Zuvi
Ônv‡Zg ZvÕqxÕ iPbv K‡i evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK we¯§qKi Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb|
gaym~`‡bi c‡i m¤¢eZ GUvB me©vwaK D‡jL‡hvM¨ Ges mv_©K I me©‡kl
gnvKve¨| dii ‡Li c‡i Ab¨ †KD gnvKve¨ iPbv K‡ibwb| eZ©gvb hyM-
cwi‡ek gnvKve¨ iPbvi Dc‡hvMx bq e‡j A‡b‡Ki aviYv| GKvi‡Y ejv
hvq, evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ_g gnvKv‡e¨i iPwqZv gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë Ges
me©‡kl mv_©K gnvKve¨ iPwqZv wnmv‡e diiæL Avng` ¯§iYxq n‡q
_vK‡eb|
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ m‡bU iPbvi †¶‡Î gaym~`b cw_K…‡Zi f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡¶‡Î wbtm‡‱`‡n wZwb mv_©KZg| Zuvi c‡i A‡b‡KB m‡bU
iPbvi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Qb| Z‡e m‡b‡Ui m~² I `„pe× wkíixwZi Kvi‡Y
G‡¶‡Î Lye Kg m‡bU-iPwqZvB mdj n‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Z‡e m‡bU iPwqZv
wnmv‡e diiæL Avng‡`i K…wZZ¡ Amvgvb¨, G-K_v A‡b‡KB ¯̂xKvi K‡ib|
diiæL Avng` g~jZ †ivgvw‱UK Kwe nIqv m‡Ë¡I m‡bU iPbvi †¶‡Î wZwb
Avðh©RbKfv‡e mdj| m‡bU iPbvi msL¨vi w`K w`‡qI diiæL Amvgvb¨
K…wZ‡Z¡i AwaKvix| Zuvi iwPZ m‡b‡Ui msL¨v cÖvq mv‡o wZbÕk| msL¨v I
gv‡bi wePv‡i diiæL evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wbtm‡‱`‡n Ab¨Zg †kªô m‡bwUqvi|
bvU¨Kve¨, MxwZbvU¨, e¨½-bvU¨, MxwZ KweZv, wkï‡Zvl KweZv, e¨½
KweZv, Mvb-MRj BZ¨vw` Kv‡e¨i wewfb′ kvLvq diiæL Avng` D‡jL‡hvM¨
Ae`vb †i‡L †M‡Qb| evsjv Kv‡e¨i wewfb′ iƒcixwZ‡Z wZwb mdj c`PviYv
K‡i‡Qb Ges me©Î Zuvi wbR¯̂ •ewkó¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Zuvi iwPZ Kve¨bvU¨,
MxwZbvU¨ I e¨½bvU¨ GKmgq gÂvwqZ n‡q e¨vcKfv‡e `k©K-bw‱`Z
n‡q‡Q| Zuvi iwPZ Mvb-MRj wewkó wkíx‡`i K‡É †iwWI-wUwf‡Z wbqwgZ
cÖPvwiZ n‡q †kªvZvmvaviY‡K gy»-AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q| Zuvi MxwZKweZv
be•PZ‡b¨i D‡b¥l NwU‡q beRvMiY I ¯̂vaxbwPËZvi weKvk mva‡b Abb¨
f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| m‡ev©cwi Zuvi iwPZ e¨½ m‡bU I KweZv Ges wkï-wK‡kvi
Qov-KweZv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Ag~j¨ m¤ú`| e¨½ iPbvi †¶‡Î wZwb Abb¨,
Zuvi mgK¶ †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Zuvi iwPZ e¨½Kv‡e¨i msL¨v †gvU QqwU|
fve-welq I gv‡b mgyËxY© Zuvi e¨½ KweZv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨i Ag~j¨ m¤ú`|
wkï-wK‡kvi Qov-KweZv iPbvq di&i L Avng` †h AmvaviY Ae`vb
†i‡L‡Qb, Zv msL¨v I gv‡bi w`K †_‡K Zzjbvweij ej‡j wKQzgvÎ AZ~¨w³
n‡e bv| Zuvi iwPZ wkï‡Zvl Qov-KweZv-M‡íi msL¨v †gvU GKzkwU|
mycwiKwíZfv‡e iwPZ Gme †jLv wkïgb‡K Mfxifv‡e AvK…ó K‡i| Gme
iPbvq wkï-gb ̄ Ë¡ we‡kl‡Y wZwb †hgb cvi½gZv cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb
mnR-mij kãweb¨v‡m I •bcyY¨c~Y© A‰ wgj ms‡hv‡M cvV-myLKi K‡i
Zz‡j‡Qb| G Kvi‡Y evsjv wkïmvwn‡Z¨ dii ‡Li Ae`vb wPi¯§iYxq n‡q
_vK‡e| we‡klfv‡e D‡jL¨ †h, Aviwe-dviwm-D`y© kã e¨env‡i dii ‡Li
AmvaviY K…wZZ¡ i‡q‡Q| wK‰‧ Zuvi wkïmvwn‡Z¨ G ai‡bi kã G‡Kev‡i
†bB ej‡jB P‡j| wkïmvwn‡Z¨ wZwb mnR-mij evsjv k‡ãi mv‡_
evsjv‡`‡ki g‡bvig cÖvK…wZK iƒc-‣ewPΨ, evsjvi dzj, cvwL, dj, dmj
Z_v evsjvi wPi‡m․‱`h©gq Rxeb‣ewP‡Î¨i bvbv w`K Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
wkï‡`i‡K gvZ…fvlv I gvZ…f~wgi mv‡_ wbweofv‡e cwiwPZ K‡i †Zvjvi
†¶‡Î dii ‡Li wkïmvwnZ¨ Acwimxg ¸i Z¡ enb K‡i|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, Kve¨‡¶‡Î di &i L me©`v cix¶v-wbix¶v I
Abykxjb K‡i †M‡Qb Ges †mRb¨B wZwb GK ̄v‡b KL‡bv w ̄i _v‡Kb wb|
Kve¨-†m․‱`h© I DrKl© mÜv‡b Kwe me©`v e¨vc„Z †_‡K‡Qb| wbi‰ i
cix¶v-wbix¶v I Abykxjb-cÖeYZv eo Kwei GKwU we‡kl j¶Y| G j¶Y
diiæL cÖwZfv 29 30 diiæL cÖwZfv
dii ‡Li g‡a¨ c~Y©gvÎvq we`¨gvb wQj| ZvB wbi‰ i cix¶v-wbix¶v I
Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g wZwb Zuvi Kvsw¶Z gnËg wk‡ívrKl© mva‡b m‡Pó
†_‡K‡Qb| ZvB diiæL Avng` GK Abb¨ •ewk‡ó¨i AwaKvix Kv‡jvËxY©
Kwe| evsjv Kv‡e¨i †kªô †g․wjK Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ wZwb Ab¨Zg|
diiæL Avng` t e¨w³
Kwei Kve¨ eyS‡Z n‡j Zuvi Rxeb, cwi‡ek Ges AwfÁZv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ
nIqv cÖ‡qvRb| ỳf©vM¨ekZ diiæL Avng‡`i Rxeb m¤ú‡K© †Zgb Z_¨c~Y©
we ̄ vwiZ weeiY Rvbv hvq bv| G e¨vcv‡i Kwe wb‡R wQ‡jb m¤ú~Y© wb¯ú„n|
wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© Ab¨ Kv‡iv †K․Z‚nj‡KI wZwb GZUzKz cÖkªq w`‡Zb bv| Kwei
aviYv wQj KweZvB Kwei Rxeb| Kwei wP‰ v, AwfÁZv I Rxeb-cwigÊjB
bvbvfv‡e cwiùzU nq KweZvq| ZvB Avjv`vfv‡e wb‡Ri Rxeb m¤ú‡K© wKQy
ej‡Z Zuvi †gv‡UB AvMÖn wQj bv| Kwei g„Zz¨i ci Kwe-cwiev‡ii m`m¨ Ges
Kwei Nwbô eÜy-evÜe Zuv‡`i ¯§„wZ-†ivg‰ b K‡i hv wKQy wjwce× K‡i‡Qb Kwei
e¨w³-Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Rvbvi Rb¨ †m¸‡jvi Dci wbf©i Kiv Qvov MZ¨‰ i †bB|
h‡kvi †Rjvi gvSAvBj MÖv‡g 1918 mv‡ji 10 Ryb Kwe diiæL Avng‡`i
Rb¥| wcZvi bvg Lvb mv‡ne •mq` nv‡Zg Avjx, gv‡qi bvg iIkb AvLZvi
Rvnvb| cweÎ ighvb gv‡m Rb¥MÖnY Kivq Zuvi `vw` Zuvi bvg †i‡LwQ‡jb
ÔighvbÕ| †QvU‡ejvq G bv‡gB wZwb we‡klfv‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Kwei wcZ…`Ë
bvg •mq` diiæL Avng`| wK‰‧ Kwe wb‡RB Ô•mq`Õ kãwU c‡i cwiZ¨vM
K‡ib| R‡b¥i ỳÕeQi ci gv Bw‰ Kvj K‡ib| 1927 mv‡j wK‡kvi diiæL
Avng` Zuvi eo fvB-Gi Kg©‡¶Î KjKvZv Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b ZvjZjv
g‡Wj ‥̄zj Ges evwjMÄ nvB ‥̄y‡j wKQyKvj we`¨vf¨vm K‡ib| c‡i 1937 mv‡j
Lyjbv †Rjv ‥̄zj †_‡K cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶vq DËxY© nb| 1939 mv‡j wicb K‡jR
†_‡K AvB.G. cvk K‡ib| AZtci ‥̄wUk PvP© K‡jR I †m‱U cj K‡j‡R
cÖ_‡g `k©b I c‡i Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨ Abvm© Aa¨qb K‡ib| wK‰‧ G-mgq
evgcw‰ Av‡‱`vj‡b RwoZ n‡q covq Kwei cov‡kvbv Avi †ekx ~̀i AMÖmi
nqwb| Abvm© cix¶vI Avi †`qv nqwb|
diiæL Avng‡`i wcZv Lvb mv‡ne •mq` nv‡Zg Avjx GKRb cywjk
Awdmvi wQ‡jb| mr gvbyl wnmv‡e Zuuvi mybvg wQj| Zuvi ÔLvb mv‡neÕ Dcvwa
cÖvwß m¤ú‡K© Kwei AvZ¥xq Aa¨vcK wRjyi ingvb wmwÏKx wj‡L‡Qb t
“The father, a Police Officer was noted for his courage and integrity-
qualities, for which he was made a „Khan Sahib‟ after retirement. He was
a colourful man, gregarious, effusive and rather temperamental. Farrukh
had inherited these qualities, though in his artistic personality they
underwent subtle change.” (Farrukh Ahmed : Zillur Rahman Siddiqui,
Bangla Academy Journal, July-December, 1984).
•mq` nv‡Zg Avjx ỳwU we‡q K‡ib| cÖ_g ¿̄x 1924 mv‡j Bw‰ Kvj Ki‡j
wZwb wØZxq we‡q K‡ib| diiæL cÖ_g c‡¶i wØZxq cyÎ| Zuviv wZb fvB, ỳB
†evb| eo †evb •mq`v kidzb Aviv, †QvU †evb •mq`v †gvKv‡Ïgv LvZzb, eo
fvB wmwÏK Avng`, †QvU fvB •mq` gywki Avng`| cici wZb †g‡q m‰ v‡bi
R‡b¥i ci diiæL Avng‡`i Rb¥| d‡j wZwb wQ‡jb evev-gv‡qi GKv‰
Av`‡ii m‰ vb| gv‡qi g„Zz¨i ci Kwei •kkeKvj †K‡U‡Q cÖavbZ Zuvi `vw`i
Kv‡Q| `vw` wQ‡jb Rwg`vi Kb¨v| Z ỳcwi wkw¶Zv, Ávbx I `xN©Rxex gwnjv|
G m¤ú‡K© Kwe-Kb¨v mvB‡q`v Bqvmwgb evby Zuvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y D‡jL K‡i‡Qb t
ÒKwe •kke I •K‡kv‡i Zuvi `vw`i KvQ †_‡K ïb‡Zb ÔZvR‡KivZzj
AvIwjqvÕ Ges ÔKvmvmyj Avw¤q̂vÕ cuyw_i Kvwnbx| Gfv‡e •kk‡e `vw`i †Kvj
†_‡KB cuyw_i mv‡_ diiæL Avng‡`i cwiPq Ges wk¶vi nv‡ZLwo
n‡qwQj|Ó [AveŸv‡K †hgb †`‡LwQ, XvKv WvB‡R÷, b‡f¤^i 1974]
M„‡n Aviwe, dviwm I wKQyUv agx©q wk¶v jv‡fi ci diiæL Avng`
KjKvZvi g‡Wj Gg.B. ¯‥z‡j fwZ© nb| ¯‥zjwU m¤ú‡K© Kwe-eÜz wewkó
wPÎwkíx Kvgi j nvmvb Zuvi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y hv wj‡L‡Qb cªm½Z GLv‡b Zvi
Askwe‡kl D‡jL Kiv n‡jv t
Ò¯‥yjwUi bvgI wQj Ôg‡Wj Gg.B.¯‥zjÕ; KjKvZvq g‡Wj ¯‥zj bv‡gB H
¯‥zjwU cwiwPZ wQj| KjKvZvq ZvjZjv GjvKvq BD‡ivcxqvb GmvBjvg
†jb-G GK weivU Rwg`vi evox‡Z G ¯‥zjwU wQj| Avgv‡`i g‡Wj ¯‥z‡ji
mv‡_B wQj bg©vj †Uªwbs ¯‥zj| iex‱`ªbv_ GKevi gvÎ G ¯‥z‡ji GB
M¨vjvwi‡Z e‡m cv `ywj‡q wj‡LwQ‡jb t ÔKvj hv‡ev Lyjbvq, Zv‡Z †Kvb fyj
bvBÕ, Rvwb bv Gi HwZnvwmK mZ¨Zv KZLvwb|Ó (cUzqvi cUwPÎ, Kvgi‚j
nvmvb, C` msL¨v, mwPÎ mÜvbx 1386)|
diiæL Avng` wVK KLb †_‡K Kve¨-PP©v ïi K‡ib ev KLb †_‡K
Zuvi cÖwZfvi D‡b¥l N‡U †m m¤ú‡K© mwVK †Kvb Z_¨ Rvbv hvq bv| G
m¤ú‡K© Kwe-mgv‡jvPK I dii L-M‡elK †gvnv¤§` gvn&dzRDjvn& †hUyKz
msev` cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb cÖm½Z Zvi D‡jL Kiv n‡jv t
ÒdiiæL Avng` KjKvZvi ZvjZjv g‡Wj ‥̄z‡j I evwjMÄ nvB ‥̄z‡j
GKmgq cov‡kvbv Ki‡jI wZwb cÖ‡ewkKv cix¶v †`b Lyjbv †Rjv ‥̄zj †_‡K,
1937 mv‡j| Zuvi wk¶K wQ‡jb Kwe †Mvjvg †gv ̄ dv, cÖL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K Aveyj
dRj Ges ÔKw_KvÕ, Ôgv÷vi mv‡neÕ cÖf„wZ MÖ‰ -cÖ‡YZv Ôwe`vq n¾Õ KweZvi
†jLK Aveyj nv‡kg| Kwe Aveyj nv‡k‡gi KvQ †_‡K †h Z_¨ cvIqv †M‡Q,
Zv‡Z g‡b nq diiæL Avng‡`i cÖ_g KweZv Qvcv nq m¤¢eZ Lyjbv †Rjv ‥̄zj
g¨vMvwR‡b| AkxwZci e„× Kwe Aveyj nv‡kg Zuvi GK Kv‡ji †gavex QvÎ Kwe
diiæL Avng‡`i ¯§„wZPviY Ki‡Z wM‡q GB K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb| wZwb AviI
e‡j‡Qb †h, Zuvi ÔKw_KvÕ Kve¨MÖ‡‰ i A‰ M©Z Ônv‡Zg ZvCÕ, kxl©K `xN© KweZv
diiæL cÖwZfv 31 32 diiæL cÖwZfv
cvV K‡i †mB ‥̄zj Rxe‡bB diiæL Avng` mcÖksm nb Ges G wel‡q fwel¨‡Z
Kvwnbx Kve¨ †jLvi msKí cÖKvk K‡ib| nq‡Zv †mB msK‡íiB m„wó diiæL
Avng‡`i Ônv‡Zg ZvqxÕ|ÕÕ (diiæL iPbvejx t †gvnv¤§` gvndzRDjvn I Ave ỳj gvbœvb
•mq` m¤úvw`Z, c„ôv 363)|
Kwe-mgv‡jvPK †gvnv¤§` gvndzRDjvn D³ GKB MÖ‡‰ Av‡iv D‡jL
K‡i‡Qbt Òeyׇ`e emy, cÖg_bv_ wekx, weòz †`, Guiv wQ‡jb diiæL Avng‡`i
K‡jRRxe‡bi wk¶K| †gavex QvÎ I cÖwZfvevb Kwe wnmv‡e wZwb wQ‡jb
Gu‡`i wcÖqcvÎ| AmvaviY cÖwZfvi AwaKvix e‡j diiæL Avng`‡KI bvwK
†mmg‡q A‡b‡KB ÔwØZxq Avï‡ZvlÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Zv| Zuvi mncvVx‡`i
g‡a¨ wQ‡jb mZ¨wRr ivq, d‡Zn †jvnvbx|Ó (H, c„ôv 364)|
†h NUbvi gva¨‡g Aa¨vcK cÖg_bv_ wekx I eyׇ`e emy Zuv‡`i wcÖq
QvÎ diiæL Avng‡`i Kwe-cÖwZfv Avwe®‥vi K‡ib Zv A‡bKUv †K․ZzKcª`|
†gvnv¤§` gvndzRDjvn&i weeiYx‡Z GLv‡b †m NUbvwUi D‡jL KiwQ t
ÔÔdiiæL Avng` ZLb Avw ©̀i `vwg cvÄvex I wdbwd‡b aywZI ci‡Zb|
GKw`b e„wó‡Z wf‡R, aywZ-cvÄvex‡Z iv ̄ vi Kv`v gvwL‡q wZwb K‡j‡Ri
K¬v‡k G‡m nvwRi nb| ci‡Yi Kvco †fRv I K ©̀gv³ wQj e‡j wZwb wM‡q
e‡mb G‡Kev‡i †cQ‡bi †ew‡Z| †mLv‡bB e‡m mevi Aj‡¶¨ wZwb GKwU
LvZvq KweZv wjL‡Z ïi K‡ib| K¬vm wbwQ‡jb cÖL¨vZ mvwnwZ¨K cÖg_bv_
wekx| AvPgKv Zuvi „̀wó hvq diiæL Avng‡`i w`‡K| wZwb †Pqvi †Q‡o
e³…Zv-g †_‡K †b‡g axi cv‡q GwM‡q hvb diiæL Avng‡`i Kv‡Q|
Aa¨vcK‡K †`‡L diiæL Avng` LvZvwU jyKv‡bvi †Póv K‡ib| wK‰‧ cÖg_bv_
wekxi mÜvbx „̀wó‡Z aiv c‡o GKRb bexb Kwei Kve¨-cÖqvm| ...H LvZvq
†jLv diiæL Avng‡`i K‡qKwU m‡bU c‡o wZwb we¯§q-wegy» nb Ges wUPvm©
Kgbi †g wM‡q Ab¨vb¨ Aa¨vcK‡`i KweZv¸‡jv bvwK Ave„wË K‡i †kvbvb|
Awff‚Z K‡É Aa¨vcK wekx e‡jb †h, wZwb GKRb Zi Y †m·cxqi‡K
Avwe®‥vi K‡i‡Qb| eyׇ`e emy Aa¨vcK wekxi KvQ †_‡K diiæL Avng‡`i
KweZvi LvZvwU †P‡q wb‡q hvb Ges †mLvb †_‡K K‡qKwU KweZv Zuvi weL¨vZ
ÔKweZvÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvk K‡ib|ÕÕ (Aš—i½ Avjvcb t Ô†gvnv¤§` gvndzRDjvn-
kvnveywÏb Avng` m¤úvw`Z diiæL Avng` e¨w³ I KweÕ, c„ôv 140-141)|
G-mgqKvi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q Kwei Nwbô AvZ¥xq I eÜz Aa¨vcK wRj-yi
ingvb wmwÏKx wj‡L‡Qb t ÔÔdii ‡Li cÖeYZv †Mj KweZvi w`‡K| Zvi
K‡jR eq‡m KweZv Zv‡K Ggbfv‡e †c‡q emj †h, GKRb †gavex QvÎ
nvwi‡q †Mj KweZvi †Zv‡o| evwjMÄ miKvix ¯‥z‡j K¬v‡mi dv÷eq
dii ‡Li GB cwiYwZi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q `xN©k¦vm †dj‡Z †`‡LwQ
Ave″v‡KI †m ¯‥z‡ji †nW gv÷vi Kwe †Mvjvg †gv ̄ dv‡K|
ÒK‡j‡RI Av‡Qb, KweZvI wjL‡Qb, ivRbxwZi †Mvcb Mwj‡ZI
Pjv‡div n‡Q, nv‡Z †mZvi, ci‡Y †k․wLb aywZ-cvÄvex Dwbk wek eQ‡ii
GB diiæL Avng`‡K GKevi †`‡LwQjvg Zv‡`i hv`ecy‡ii evwo‡Z|ÕÕ
(diiæL fvB‡qi K_v t ÔwRj-yi ingvb wmwÏKx, kvnveyÏxb Avng` m¤úvw`Z diiæL
Avng` e¨w³ I KweÕ, cÖ_g ms¯‥iY, c„ôv 114)|
K‡j‡R Aa¨qbiZ Ae¯ vq diiæL Avng‡`i Kwe-L¨vwZ Qwo‡q c‡o
Ges Kwe wnmv‡e wZwb †gvUvgywU ¯̂xK…wZI jvf K‡ib| †m mgqKvi cÎ-
cwÎKvq Zuvi KweZv Qvcv n‡Z _v‡K| G-mgqKvi K_v ej‡Z wM‡q wewkó
Kwe I †jvKweÁvbx W±i Avkivd wmwÏKx Zuvi ¯§„wZ K_vq wj‡L‡Qb t
ÒAvgvi m‡½ hLb Zuvi (diiæL Avng`) †`Lv n‡q‡Q ZLb wZwb
hv`ecyi Zv‡`i wb‡Ri •Zwi ewo‡Z _v‡Kb; evoxi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb
ÔA‡jvKcyixÕ| †m hy‡Mi Avav MÖvg¨ a~wj-a~mwiZ Qvqv-XvKv cvwL-XvKv GB
hv`ecy‡i bvwK Zuvi cov Avi Kve¨-mvabv Pj‡Zv Mfxi ivZ ch©‰ (Pj‡Zv
e¨vqvg mvabvI) AviI †kvbjvg wZwb ¯‥wUk PvP© K‡j‡R co‡Zb| weÂz †`,
cÖg_bv_ wekx, eyׇ`e emy I †cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎI bvwK Zuvi KweZv cQ‱` K‡ib|
Zuvi KweZv Qvcv nq ïay Ô†gvnv¤§`xÕ I ÔmIMv‡ZÕ bq, Ô†`kÕ ÔPZzi½Õ
ÔAiYxÕ ÔKweZvÕ, ÔcwiPqÕ BZ¨vw` cÖvq me¸wj cÖ_g †kªYxi cwÎKvq|ÕÕ
(Avkivd wmwÏKx t hv †`‡LwQ hv †R‡bwQ, hv †c‡qwQ)|
diiæL Avng‡`i Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` m¤úvw`Z ÔdiiæL
Avng‡`i †kªô KweZvÕ MÖ‡‰ i cwiwkó As‡k ÔRxebcÄxÕ‡Z ms‡¶‡c †h
weeiY †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv wbg′iƒc t
ÔÔKg© t AvB, wR wcÖRb Awdm (1943); wmwfj mvc-vB (1944);
Ô†gvnv¤§`xÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kxq wefv‡Mi m‡½ hy³ RjcvB¸wo‡Z GKwU dv‡g©;
†`k-wefv‡Mi Ae¨ewnZ c‡i cÖ_‡g AwbqwgZ I c‡i wbqwgZ Kg©Pvix wnmv‡e
†iwWI cvwK ̄ v‡bi XvKv †K‡‱ ª̀ †hvM`vb K‡ib, ¯̂vaxbZvi ci wZwb evsjv‡`k
†eZv‡i †hvM †`b Ges g„Zy¨i c~e© ch©‰ GB PvKzix‡ZB envj _v‡Kb|ÕÕ
m¤úv`K wnmv‡e diiæL Avng` h‡_ó K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb|
†Kej m¤úv`bv K‡g©B bq cÖwZfvai Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i‡K Av‰ wiKfv‡e
Drmvn cÖ`vb Ges Zv‡`i‡K m„wó-K‡g© DØy× Kivi †¶‡Î Zuvi ZrciZv wQj
HKvw‰ K| G e¨vcv‡i wZwb wQ‡jb AZ¨‰ D`vi| G m¤ú‡K© W±i
Avkivd wmwÏKxi c~‡e©v³ ¯§„wZK_v †_‡KB Avevi wKQyUv DׄwZ w`wQ t
ÔÔm¤úv`K wnmv‡e hÏyi ï‡bwQ, diiæL Avng` K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq
w`‡qwQ‡jb| bZzb wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi wQj AK…wÎg `i`| wZwb
wb‡RB evi evi e‡j‡Qb, hviv bZzb G‡m‡Qb Zv‡`i cÖwZôv Kiv Avgv‡`i
•bwZK `vwqZ¡| ...Avgvi hZ ~̀i g‡b c‡o Kwe wmKv‱`vi Avey Rvdi cÖf„wZ
A‡bK‡K wZwb Zvov w`‡q †jLv Ges Rqbyj Av‡e`xb, mdxDwÏb I Kvgi j
nvmv‡bi KvQ †_‡K Qwe Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ ỳfv©M¨ekZ †gvnv¤§`xi
m¤úv`Kxq wefv‡M Zuvi PvKzix †ekxw`b ̄vqx nqwb| †gvnv¤§`xi fvicÖvß
m¤úv`K _vKvKv‡j Zuvi iwPZ GKwU KweZv Ôjo‡K †j‡½ cvwK ̄ vbÕ wKQyUv
i`e`j K‡i A‡b¨i bv‡g Ô•`wbK AvRv`Õ cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kxq wefv‡M Qvcv‡bvi
NUbv‡K †K‱ ª̀ K‡i diiæL Avng` cÖwZev` ¯̂iƒc gvwmK †gvnv¤§̀ xi PvKzix †_‡K
B ̄ dv †`b| G NUbv mgmvgwqK A‡b‡KiB Rvbv wQj| dii ‡Li cÖwZev`x gb
diiæL cÖwZfv 33 34 diiæL cÖwZfv
G welq‡K †K‱ ª̀ K‡i ÔKweZv †Pv‡ii cÖwZÕ wb‡g′v³ m‡bUwU iPbv K‡ib t
ÔÔ†evgv gvwi‡jI †c‡U Kve¨ KYv nq bv evwni
KweZv Pzwi‡Z ZvB g‡bv‡hvMx e„× Ávbcvcx,
Amr Dcv‡q PvI bvg wKQy Kwi‡Z Rvwni
mZK© †`‡ki †jvK a‡i †d‡j AwP‡i Z_vwc|
†Pv‡ii `kg w`b †kl n‡j M„n‡¯ i w`b
Aek¨B Av‡m wd‡i (aiv c‡o hLb Z¯‥i
`yó †Q‡j‡`i nv‡Z †c‡q Zvi Ae ̄v mswMb
`yÕcv‡k nvwmi †Zv‡o †d‡U c‡o cÖvPxb kni)|
AwfÁZv Av‡Q †Xi ZvB wKQy ¸u‡R w`‡q nv‡Z
Ghver †eu‡P †M‡Qv, wK‰‧ AvR M„n¯ K‡Vvi
wKw‡ZÕi †jvf †Q‡o G cÖwZÁv K‡i‡Q mfv‡Z
†hgb K‡iB nDK bee‡l© aÕ‡i †`‡e †Pvi
mxmvi ni‡d bvg Qvwc‡q‡Q eû Rv‡bvqvi
evwo‡q Zv‡`i msL¨v †d‡j ïay KzL¨vwZ †``vi|ÕÕ
Gfv‡e Kwe-Rxe‡bi ïi ‡ZB Zuvi cÖwZev`x g‡bi cwiPq my¯úó n‡q
D‡V‡Q| Rxe‡bi me©‡¶‡Î wZwb Zuvi Av`k© I bxwZ‡eva‡K m‡ev©P g~j¨
w`‡Zb| wb‡g©vn Rxe‡b wZwb A‡bK †jvf-cÖ‡jvfb‡K D‡c¶v K‡i‡Qb|
GRb¨ Zuv‡K Rxe‡b A‡bK Z¨vM I Kó ¯̂xKvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
Kwei cvwievwiK Rxeb
Kwei bvbv †gvnv¤§` ûigvZzjvni AvMÖ‡n 1942 mv‡ji b‡f¤̂i gv‡m
Avcb Lvjv‡Zv †evb •mq`v •Zqev LvZzb wjwji m‡½ diiæL Avng‡`i ïf
kvw` †gveviK mym¤úb′ nq| •Zqev LvZy‡bi evevi bvg •mq` b~i j û`v|
bvbv ûigvZzj-vn bvwZ diiæL I bvZwb wjwj Dfq‡K Mfxi †m′n Ki‡Zb|
bvwZ †hgb wQ‡jb AmvaviY cÖwZfvm¤úb′, bvZwbI wQ‡jb A‡bKUv †Zgwb|
we‡qi e¨vcv‡i wb‡R gbw ̄i K‡i bvbv ûigvZzj-vn diiæL Avng‡`i fvB
•mq` wmÏxK Avng`‡K cÎ gvidZ Rvbvb t
Ò†Zvgvi 28†k Zvwi‡Li cÎ cvBqv mwe‡kl AeMZ nBjvg| ...di‡ivL
(bvbv Gfv‡eB m‡¤§vab Ki‡Zb) eZ©gv‡b wK Kwi‡Z‡Q| Zvnvi‡Zv †jKPvi
Culture Av‡Q| Avi GKevi †Póv Kwi‡j fvj nq| GKUv Degry (Degree)
_vKv fvj| †m GKevi GLv‡b Avwm‡j Lye m‰‧ó nBZvg| Zvnvi hvZvqvZ LiP
Avwg w`‡Z cÖ ‧̄Z| wjwL‡jB Bbkvjvn cvVvBqv w`e| wjwj‡K LyeB fvjevwm|
Zv‡K GKUv mycv‡Îi nv‡Z w`qv hvB‡Z cvwi‡j g‡bi kvw‰ nBZ| †m Ggb
my‱`i †jLvcov wkwLqv‡Q †h GKwU g~‡L©i mwnZ weevn nB‡j †m Rxe‡b gov
(giv) nBqv _vwK‡e| Zvnvi Rb¨ GKUy †Póv Ki| Mvwdjx KwiI bv|ÕÕ
diiæL Avng` ZLb KjKvZvq eo fvB wmÏxK Avng‡`i 38 w`jLykv
w÷ª‡U 6 b¤̂i mvK©vm †iv‡W emevm K‡ib| evwowU Zuv‡`i evevi UvKvq •Zwi
n‡qwQj| hv`ecy‡i H evwoi bvg Kwe wb‡RB w`‡qwQ‡jb ÔA‡jvKcyixÕ-W±i
Avkivd wmwÏKxi c~‡e©vׄZ e³e¨ †_‡K ÔAvgiv Zv Rvb‡Z cvwi| QvÎve ̄vq
Ges we‡qi ci diiæL Avng` G cwiev‡i GLv‡bB wKQyKvj Ae ̄vb K‡ib|
Kwei m‡½ we‡qi e¨vcv‡i Zuvi ¿̄xi Abyf‚wZ †Kgb wQj Zv Zuvi wb‡Ri
e³e¨ †_‡KB Dcjwä Kiv hvq| wZwb Kwei Bw‰ Kv‡ji ci wj‡L‡Qb t
ÒAvgv‡`i hLb we‡q nq, ZLb Avgvi eqm gvÎ †lvj| Avgiv MÖv‡gB
_vKZvg| m¤ú‡K© Kwe wQ‡jb Avgvi Lvjv‡Zv fvB| †m Kvi‡YB Zuv‡K wPbZvg
†QvU‡ejv †_‡KB| wZwb KweZv wjL‡Zb, ZvI RvbZvg| Avgv‡`i evox‡Z
Zuv‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡Zv| Aek¨ we‡qi Av‡M Zuvi KweZv coevi †m․fvM¨
Avgvi nq wb| MÖv‡g _vKZvg, ZvB mvwn‡Z¨i m‡½ Lye cwiPqI wQ‡jv bv
Avgvi|... Zuvi Rxe‡bi m‡½ Avgvi Rxeb euvav c‡o hv‡e, Ggb K_v •kk‡e
KLbI †f‡ewQ e‡j g‡b c‡o bv| wK‰‧, Avjvni wK Amxg K…cv, Zuvi m‡½
Avgvi we‡q n‡jv! Avgv‡`i we‡qi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi bvbv †g․jwf †gvnv¤§`
ûigvZzjvn&i DrmvnB wQ‡jv me‡P‡q †ekx| Kwe Avgvi PvB‡Z eQi Av‡U‡Ki
eo n‡eb| Avgv‡`i hLb we‡q nq, ZLb wZwb †jLvcov †kl K‡i †d‡j‡Qb,
wK‰‧ PvKzix nqwb ZLbI| GKRb †eKv‡ii ms‡M Avgvi we‡q‡Z gyiwe″iv
†KDB †Kvb AvcwË K‡ib wb| Zuv‡`i nq‡Zv wek¦vm wQ‡jv †h, AwP‡iB di&i L
PvKzix †c‡q hv‡e| Zuv‡`i wek¦vm wg_¨v nqwb| wZwb AwP‡iB KjKvZvq wmwfj
mvcvB Awd‡m GKUv PvKzix †c‡q hvb| PvKzix cvevi wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨B wZwb
Avgv‡KI KjKvZvq wb‡q hvb|Ó (kvnveyÏxb Avng` m¤úvw`ZÑ di&i‚L Avn&g`t e¨w³
I Kwe, cÖ_g ms ‥̄iY-1984, c„ôv-44,45)|
Avcb Lvjv‡Zv †evb Ges bvbvi cQ‱` Kiv †g‡qi mv‡_ we‡q‡Z diiæL
Avng`I †h †ek Lywk wQ‡jb Zv we‡q Dcj‡¶ †jLv Zuvi ÔDcnviÕ kxl©K
KweZv †_‡K ¯úó Dcjwä Kiv hvq| KweZvwU ÔmIMvZÕ cwÎKvq AMÖnvqY
1939 msL¨vq Qvcv nq| GLv‡b †mwU DׄZ n‡jv t
Dcnvi
Avgiv `yÕR‡b aivi ayjvq euvae evmi-Ni,
i‡e wPiw`b G ¯^q¤^‡i m‡Z¨i ¯̂v¶i,
i‡e wPiw`b weevn-jM′
iBe †cÖ‡gi gay‡Z gM′
nv‡Z nvZ †i‡L Pje Avgiv A‰ ‡i A‰ i;
Avgiv `yÕR‡b aivi ayjvq euvae evmi-Ni \
†h_v Zzwg Av‡Qv †h_v Avwg AvwQ, †hLv‡b G cwiPq
†mLv‡b i‡e bv †Kvbw`b Avi †Kvb fq, mskq|
Avgvi †cÖ‡gi K‡cvZ-K‡cvZx
diiæL cÖwZfv 35 36 diiæL cÖwZfv
Av‡jvK-wcqvmx E‡a″©i †R¨vwZ
i‡e wPiw`b Avgv‡`i †Pv‡L gaygq fv¯î,
Avgiv `yÕR‡b aivi ayjvq euvae evmi-Ni \
wgj‡e cÖfvZ, mܨv, iRbx weev‡ni Drm‡e,
Avgv‡`i N‡i wbZ¨ †cÖ‡gi wgj‡bvrme n‡e|
cvwo w`‡q hv‡ev mvM‡i ZiYx,
Avgv‡`i †gv‡n RvM‡e aiYx
AkÖ †kvwb‡Z fvmv‡ev aivi Avkªq e‱`i;
Avgiv `yÕR‡b aivi ayjvq euvae evmi-Ni \
wbweo euva‡b wPiw`b †gviv euvav i‡ev cvkvcvwk,
`y‡h©vM iv‡Z, AvNv‡Z, e¨_v‡Z †dvUv‡ev †cÖ‡gi nvwm,
†dvUv‡ev D‡×© KÈKnxb
ivOv kZ`j wbZ¨ bexb,
mvg‡b `uvov‡j cÖjq-fv½b cve bv Avgiv Wi;
Avgiv `yÕR‡b aivi ayjvq euvae evmi-Ni \
kZ fv½‡bi gy‡L M‡o hve †gviv kZ evjyPi
gy‡LvgywL n‡q K_v K‡e iv‡Z Zviv-†Niv A¤^i
ARvbv †h c_ i‡q‡Q we_vwiÕ
wbf©‡q †`e †mB c_ cvwo
c_-cÖv‡‰ i †dvUv dzj Zy‡j Qove aiYx ci;
Avgiv `yÕR‡b aivi ayjvq e uvae evmi-Ni \
†h_v Zzwg Av‡Qv, †h_v Avwg AvwQ, †h_v Av‡Q fvjevmvÑ
†hLv‡b wbZ¨ †cÖ‡gi wkLvq Rv‡M Rxe‰ Avkv,
†m_v G‡m †gviv `uvove `yÕR‡b
nv‡Z nvZ †i‡L gb †i‡L g‡b
RvMv‡ev †mLv‡b cÖvY-Drme wewPÎ my‱`i
Avgiv `yÕR‡b aivi ayjvq euvae evmi-Ni \
(ÔmIMvZÕ, AMÖnvqY 1349)
Kwei ¿̄xi WvK bvg wjwj, Zv Av‡MB DwjwLZ n‡q‡Q| ÔwjwjÕ bv‡g
GKwU KweZv Ôg„wËKvÕ cwÎKvi em‰ 1349 msL¨vq Qvcv nq| Ôwjwj
Avng`Õ bv‡g GKwU KweZvI Qvcv nq ÔmIMvZÕ cwÎKvq| G `yÕwU KweZvq
be-cwiYxZv ¿̄xi cªwZ Kwei Mfxi Abyiv‡Mi K_v A‰ i½ Kwe-fvlvq
cwie¨³ n‡q‡Q| ÔwjwjÕ KweZvwU GLv‡b DׄZ n‡jvt
wjwj
cÙve‡b cÖfvZ mgxi‡Y †h †g‡j‡Q `j,
†`‡L‡Q †m jxjvKgj iw³g D¾¡j,
†fvi bv n‡Z c_ †P‡q †h cvcwo †g‡j Av‡Q
D`q‡bi ïå wefv wdi‡Q Zvnvi Kv‡Q|
†Zvgvi †m․fvM¨ wjwj! wPiw`b bem~h© mv‡_Ñ
cvi n‡q Kvj g„Zz¨ Dw`Z †h bexb Avkv‡Z
ZvKvq †Zvgvi cv‡b, Zzwg wd‡i PvI Zvi gy‡L,
m~‡h©¨i †K․ZzK wjwj, wPiw`b †Zvgvwi †K․Zz‡K|
†m-cÖvY DQj `xwß K¶c‡_ wbZ¨ MwZgvb
AvKÚ wccvmv Ze c~Y© K‡i w`qv †kl `vb,
cigeÜzi g‡Zv Zvici ZvKvq cyj‡K;
†Zvgiv RvwMqv D‡Vv m~h©| wjwj| Av‡jvi Sj‡K|
†Zvgv‡`i `yÕRbvi `xN©ivwÎ Aemvb n‡q Gj wjwj|
nvRvi SY©vi g‡Zv cÖ_g m~‡h©i Av‡jv †L‡j wSwjwgwj,
AÜKv‡jv AveQvqv m‡i hvq cÖfv‡Zi Av‡jvi Pz¤̂‡b;
Rv‡Mv m~h©! Rv‡Mv wjwj! jM′ G‡jv ivw·k‡l a~wj‡Z MM‡Y|
Rxe‡b †Zvgvi wewPÎ Drme, G‡Ki c‡i †gj‡Q †m Avi `j,
cvcwo †Lvj, †Kb-ev, cÖmvab, wbkvm †Zvgvi †mB †Zv cwigj|
†Zvgvq †c‡q cÖfvZ-Av‡jvi Ny‡P‡Q AvR wZwgi-mskq,
eY© †Zvgvi m~h© Zby n‡ZÑMÜ Zvnvi A¶q mÂq|
(Ôg„wËKvÕ, emš— 1349)
diiæL Avn&g` wZb Kb¨v I AvU cyÎ m‰ v‡bi RbK wQ‡jb| Giv
n‡jv : •mq`v kvgvi L evby (giûgv), •mq`v jvjvi L evby, •mq`
Ave`yjv‡nj gvngy` (giûg), •mq` Ave`yjv‡nj gvmy` (giûg), •mq`
gbRy‡i Gjvnx (giûg), •mq`v Bqvmwgb evby, •mq` gyn¤§`
AvLZvi ¾vgvb [Avng` AvLZvi], •mq` gyn¤§` Iqvwn`y¾vgvb (evPz),
•mq` gyLwjmyi ingvb, •mq` Lwjjyi ingvb I •mq` gyn¤§` Ave`yû
(giûg)|
cvwK ̄ vb cÖwZôvi GK eQi ci 1948 mv‡j Kwe KjKvZv †Q‡o
̄vqxfv‡e XvKvq P‡j Av‡mb| XvKvq G‡m cÖ_‡g I‡Vb Kwe †ebRxi
Avng‡`i AvMvgwmn †j‡bi evmvq| Gici mcwiev‡i evmv euv‡ab
Kgjvcy‡i| †mLv‡b GKUvbv ev‡iv eQi fvov Kiv wUb‡kW evmvq Kwe
mcwiev‡i emevm K‡ib| GLvbKvi wVKvbv t 1 bs †nvmv‡j Avjg wfjv, †cv:
diiæL cÖwZfv 37 38 diiæL cÖwZfv
Iqvix, XvKv| Zvici kvw‰ bM‡i eQiLv‡bK Ges cieZx©‡Z GKUvbv cuvP
eQi 220-gvjxev‡M emevm K‡ib| Gici 7/5 B¯‥vUb Mv‡W©b K‡jvwbi
miKvix evmfe‡b emevm K‡ib g„Zz¨Kvj Aewa| Kwei mvsmvwiK I
cvwievwiK Rxeb †Kgb wQj †m m¤ú‡K© Zuvi ¿̄x •mq`v •Zqev LvZzb wj‡L‡Qb
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ÒZuvi †ivRMvi Lye †ewk wQ‡jv bv, ZvB Avgv‡`i msmv‡i cÖvPzh© wQ‡jv bv
KLbB| wK‰‧ myL wQ‡jv, Afve-AbU‡bi g‡a¨I msmv‡i cÖkvw‰ wQ‡jv| B‡Q
Ki‡j wZwb nq‡Zv AviI †ekx †ivRMvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wK‰‧ wZwb Zv Pvb
wb| AvwfRv‡Z¨i †gvn Zuvi wQ‡jv bv| Zuvi msmv‡ii Rb¨ m¤¢eZ Avgv‡`i
msmv‡ii Kv‡iv g‡a¨B †mB †gvn `vbv †eu‡a DV‡Z cv‡i wb| Zuvi g‡Zv
AvgivI Aí‡ZB m‰‧ó n‡Z cviZvg| †mB Kvi‡YB Avgv‡`i N‡i myL wQ‡jv
A‰ ‡ii| nv‡Z UvKv G‡j Kwe wKQyUv †ewnmvex n‡q DV‡Zb| eo i B,
wPZj, eo •K, Mj`v wPswo Avi cwbi, nvjyqv, †LRyi, dRjx Avg, Avbvim I
Kveve Zuvi cQ‡‱`i Lvevi wQ‡jv| my‡hvM †c‡jB Gme wK‡b Avb‡Zb|
ÒAb¨w`‡K Abvo¤^i Rxeb hvc‡b wZwb Af¨ ̄ wQ‡jb| Av‡MB e‡jwQ,
AvwfRvZ¨ ev wejvwmZvi cÖwZ Zuvi mvgvb¨ †gvnI wQ‡jv bv| Avgv‡`i N‡i
AvmevecÎ †Zgb GLbI †bB, Av‡MI wQ‡jv bv| mwZ¨K_v ej‡Z wK,
Avgvi gv‡S gv‡S mva RvM‡Zv AvmevecÎ Kievi| wK‰‧ Zv cÖKvk Kiv
n‡Zv bv †ekxi fvM †¶‡ÎB| msmvi Pvjv‡ZB Avgv‡`i †ek Kó n‡Zv| G
Ae¯ vq Avmevec‡Îi K_v Zzjevi AeKvk †Kv_vq? Aek¨ N‡i h‡_ó
Avmeve-cÎ wQj bv e‡j wZwb KL‡bv `ytL‡eva K‡i‡Qb, Ggb g‡b nq wb|
ÒXvKvq Lye my‱`i GKwU evoxi ¯̂c′ wQ‡jv Zuvi| wZwb ej‡Zb, Ggb
GKwU evox evbv‡eb, †h evoxi mvg‡b _vK‡e cyKzi, _vK‡e PgrKvi GKwU
evMvb| wK‰‧ Zuvi †m ¯̂c′ ev ̄ ‡e iƒc cvqwb| XvKvq Rwg wKbevi gZ mvg_©
Zuvi wQ‡jv bv| ZeyI nq‡Zv cvi‡Zb, e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q Rwg wKb‡Z,
cvi‡Zb evox evbv‡Z| wK‰‧ Zvi ag©cÖvY gvbm G‡Z mvq †`q wb| Bmjvgx
g~j¨‡eva wZwb cwinvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| e¨vs‡Ki FY wb‡j my` w`‡Z n‡e|
my` †Zv Bmjv‡g nvivg| myZivs wZwb G c‡_ cv evovb wb| GR‡b¨ Zuvi
†Kv‡bv Av‡¶cI wQ‡jv bv| KviY, wZwb a‡g©i e¨vcv‡i wQ‡jb wbiv‡cvl|
agx©q wewa-weavb wZwb wb‡R †hgb AZ¨‰ wbôvi m‡½ cvjb Ki‡Zb,
cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡`iI †mw`‡K AbycÖvwYZ Ki‡Zb|...
ÒKwe wnmve-wbKv‡ki †Kvb avi bv avi‡jI msmvi wegyL wQ‡jb bv| wcZv
wnmv‡e wZwb wQ‡jb `vwqZ¡kxj| †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i cÖwZ KZ©e¨ cvj‡b we‱ ỳgvÎ
Ag‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jb bv| †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i †jLvcovi e¨vcv‡iI wZwb wQ‡jb LyeB
hZ′kxj| msmvix wZwb hZUv wQ‡jb Zvi †P‡q †ekx wQ‡jb †Q‡j‡g‡qi wk¶vi
e¨vcv‡i g‡bv‡hvMx| †Q‡j‡g‡qiv cix¶vq fvj dj Ki‡j wZwb fxlY Lywk
n‡Zb| Avb‡‱` Zuvi †PvL R¡jR¡j Ki‡Zv| Avi wZwb Avbw‱`Z n‡Zb hLb
GKwU KweZv †jLv †kl Ki‡Zb| KweZv I KweZvi eB cÖKvwkZ n‡j wZwb
Avb‡‱` wen″j n‡q DV‡Zb|Ó (Ômsmv‡i diiæL Avng`Õ, ÔdiiæL Avng`t e¨w³ I
KweÕt kvnveyÏxb Avng`-m¤úvw`Z, cÖ_g ms ‥̄iY 1984, c„ôv 43-45)|
Kwe Kb¨v mvB‡q`v Bqvmwgb evby wj‡L‡Qb : ÔÔAve″v ej‡Zb, Ô`vw¤¢K,
ci‡nRMv‡ii PvB‡Z AbyZß cvcx fv‡jvÕ| e¨w³ Rxe‡b Ave″v wQ‡jb
ci‡nRMvi| Rxe‡b Ávb _vKv Ae¯ vq †¯̂QvK…Zfv‡e mvaviYZ bvgvR
KvRv K‡ib wb wZwb| kixi fxlY Amy ̄ _vKv Ae¯ vq wÎk †ivRvB
†i‡L‡Qb| Ave″v avwg©K wQ‡jb wK‰‧ †Muvov wQ‡jb bv; mv¤cÖ`vwqK †Zv
wQ‡jbB bv| Ave″vi †cvkvK-cwiQ‡`i g‡a¨ `yÕ‡Uv cvqRvgv, `yÕ‡Uv
cvÄvex, GKwU †MÄx, GKwU †kiIqvbx, GK‡Rvov ¯ú‡Äi †m‡Ûj,
GK‡Rvov Ry‡Zv, kx‡Zi mgq GKwU cy‡jvfvi Ges GKwU Av‡jvqvbB h‡_ó
wQj| bexRxi myb′Z‡K fvjevm‡Zb e‡j Ave″v Kvc‡o Zvwj w`‡q
ci‡Zb|...
Ò`wi`ª‡`i Ave″v AZ¨‰ fv‡jvevm‡Zb| wZwb wQ‡jb imyj m.-Gi
myb′v‡Zi GKv‰ Abymvix, ZvB imy‡jiB gZ `wi`ªiv wQj Ave″vi wcÖqcvÎ|
gnvbex (mv) kª‡gi ghv©`vi †h wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb, Ave″v Zuvi Rxe‡b †mUv
cyivcyix ev ̄ evwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
†mvbvi PvgP gy‡L wb‡qB Ave″vi Rb¥ n‡qwQ‡jv, wK‰‧ `y:mn `vwi‡`ª¨i
g‡a¨ Zuv‡K †klwb:k¦vm Z¨vM Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| `vwi`ª¨ Zuvi gv_v bZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i wb| `vwi`ª¨ Zuv‡K m¤§vb `vb K‡i‡Q| GB g‡`© gywgb Rxe‡b Avjvn&
Qvov Kv‡iv mvg‡b gv_v bZ K‡ib wb| wki DuPz †i‡L m¤§v‡bi ms‡M GB
RivMȪ c„w_ex †_‡K wPi we`vq wb‡q‡Qb|
ÒAve″vi B‡‰ Kv‡ji c‡ii NUbv eoB gg©‰‧`| Kc ©̀Knxb n‡q Ave″v
B‡‰ Kvj K‡i‡Qb| evox-Mvox, e¨vsK-e¨v‡jÝ Ges welq-m¤úwË ej‡Z wKQyB
†i‡L hvb wb| gymvwdi Lvwj nv‡Z Av‡m Avi Lvwj nv‡Z wd‡i hvq| Ave″vI
wQ‡jb Ggwb GK gymvwdi, ỳwbqvi eyK †_‡K hLb Ave″v we`vq wb‡jb, ZLb
Qy‡U G‡jb Zuvi AmsL¨ ¸Ygy‡»i `j, mncvVx, eÜz-evÜe Ges AvZ¥xq-¯̂Rb|
wK‰‧ Ave″v ZLb A‡bK ~̀‡i| Ave″v ZLb Zuvi gvney‡e Gjvnxi mvwb′‡a¨ †c․u‡Q
†M‡Qb|ÕÕ (ÔAveŸv‡K †hgb †`‡LwQÕ, kvnveyÏxb Avng`-m¤úvw`Z ÔdiiæL Avng`t e¨w³ I
KweÕ, cÖ_g ms ‥̄iY 1984, c„ôv 283-285)
Dc‡iv³ DׄwZmg~n †_‡K Kwei e¨w³, cvwievwiK, mvsmvwiK Rxeb I
Zuvi Abym„Z bxwZ I Av`k© m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv hvq| GUvB wQj Kwe
diiæL Avng‡`i ev ̄ e Rxeb-wPÎ| Giƒc Av`k©ev`x Kwe-PwiÎ Avgv‡`i
mgv‡R GKv‰ `yj©f|
Kg©Rxeb
diiæL Avng‡`i Kg©-Rxeb †Zgb my‡L Kv‡Uwb| wewfb′ NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Z
wZwb cÖvqkB ¶Z-we¶Z n‡q‡Qb| wK‰‧ KL‡bv †Kvb cÖwZK‚j Ae ̄vi Kv‡Q
wZwb gv_v bZ K‡ib wb| KjKvZv-Rxe‡b wZwb wewfb′ mg‡q wewfb′ ai‡bi
PvKwi K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ †KvbUvB ̄vqx nqwb| 1943 mv‡j AvB.wR.wcÖRb
Awd‡m, 1944 mv‡j wmwfj mvcvB‡Z, 1945 mv‡j gvwmK †gvnv¤§`xi fvicÖvß
diiæL cÖwZfv 39 40 diiæL cÖwZfv
m¯úv`K wnmv‡e Ges 1946 mv‡j RjcvB¸wo‡Z GKwU cÖvB‡fU dv‡g© PvKwi
K‡ib| †gvnv¤§`xi PvKwi †Q‡o †`evi ci Kwe‡K †ek wKQyKvj †eKviZ¡ I
`vwi‡ ª̀¨i mv‡_ jovB Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| KjKvZv †Q‡o Zuv‡K P‡j †h‡Z n‡q‡Q
MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z| †mLvb †_‡K Zuvi A‰ i½ eÜy mvwnwZ¨K Ave ỳj n‡Ki Kv‡Q
†jLv Zuvi ỳ‡Uv wPwV †_‡K Zuvi ZrKvjxb Ae ̄v I mvwnZ¨-mvabv m¤ú‡K© wKQy
weeiY cvIqv hvq| G‡Z diiæL Avng‡`i Rxeb I mvwnZ¨-PP©v m¤ú‡K© wKQy
g~j¨evb Z_¨ _vKvq wPwV ỳÕ†Uv GLv‡b DׄZ n‡jv| ỳÕ†Uv wPwVB Ave ỳj n‡Ki
†jLv ÔdiiæL Avng` t Kv‡ji wkKviÕ kxl©K cÖeÜ, (mIMvZ, gvN 1381)
†_‡K msM„nxZ|
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ÔÔeÜze‡ily,
Avcbvi 8/9/47 Zvwi‡L †jLv wPwV 12 Zvwi‡L nv‡Z Gj| eZ©gv‡b wK
Kvi‡Y Avgvi c‡¶ KjKvZv hvIqv Am¤¢e Zv Avcwb fvj K‡iB Rv‡bb|
Kv‡djv KZ…©c‡¶i Kv‡Q Avgvi 40 UvKv cvIbv Av‡Q| †c‡j Avgvi
hvIqvq AvcwË †bB|
Kv‡djvi cwiPvjKeM©‡K Avwg †h wPwV wj‡LwQjvg (hv Avcwb †c․u‡Q
w`‡q‡Qb) Zv‡Z †m‡Þ¤‡̂ii c~‡e© Kv‡djvi fvi MÖnY Ki‡Z Avwg Am¤§wZ
Rvwb‡qwQjvg| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Avgvi wVKvbv wQj| G ch©‰ Zv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K †Kvb msev` bv cvIqvq Kv‡djvq †hvM †`qvi †Kvb K_vB Avgvi g‡b
D‡Vwb| A_P e¨vcviUv eû`~i MÖvgvÂj ch©‰ Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q †h Avwg bZzb
cwÎKv m¤úv`bv KiwQ| my`~i cjx‡ZI eZ©gv‡b cwÎKvi †h cÖKvi Pvwn`v
†`Lv hv‡Q Zv Avb‱``vqK|
myZivs mvsevw`KZvi †¶‡Î KvR Kivi Rb¨ bZzbfv‡e Drmvn †eva
KiwQ| Avcwb AbyMÖn K‡i Kv‡djv Awd‡m wM‡q Zv‡`i g‡bvfve AeMZ
n‡Z cv‡ib| Avgvi Kv‡Q UvKv cvVv‡jB Avwg KjKvZv iIqvbv n‡Z cvwi|
Ab¨Î KvM‡Ri Awd‡m KvR Ki‡ZI Avgvi AvcwË bvB| AKvi‡Y e‡m
_vKv KóKi| ZvovZvwo wPwVi DËi †`‡eb| Ñ dii‚LÕÕ
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ÔÔeÜze‡ily,
eûw`b ci Avcbvi Drmvne¨ÄK wPwV †c‡q DjwmZ n‡qwQ| KviY,
Avgvi Ae¯ v eZ©gv‡b †mB iƒcK_vi †kqv‡ji gZ hv‡K cÖnviv‡‰ Avagiv
Ae¯ vq Mjvq `wo w`‡q Szwj‡q ivLv n‡qwQj| Aek¨ †kqv‡ji m‡½ Avgvi
cv_©K¨ GBUzKz †h, †kqv‡ji Ab′wP‰ v I e ¿̄ mgm¨v wQ‡jv bv| Avgvi G
`y‡Uv †Zv Av‡QB Zvi Dci Av‡Q cwievie‡M©i fiY-†cvlY wP‰ v| H wP‰
v‡ZB we‡kl weeªZ Ges cÖ‡qvRb gZ †PwóZ wQjvg e‡j mvwn‡Z¨i m‡½
m¤úK© †Q` Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| Avcwb †h AvZ¥we‡jv‡ci K_v wj‡L‡Qb Zv
A‡bKvs‡k fyj, KviY AvZ¥i¶vi msMÖv‡g Avgv‡K KvjvwZcvZ Ki‡Z
n‡Q|
†jLvi w`K †_‡K Aek¨ GB Kq gvm G‡Kev‡i duvKv hvqwb| KÕw`‡bi
g‡a¨B A‡bK¸‡jv Satire, e¨½ KweZv (abZ‰¿ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK
we‡ùvU‡Ki c‡¶ hv g~j¨evb Ilya n‡Z cv‡i) Ges ỳB PviwU mvgvb¨ wmwiqvm
KweZv wj‡LwQ| KvM‡Ri Afv‡e GZw`b cÖKvk Kiv m¤¢e n‡q I‡Vwb| Gevi
cÖKvk Kivi my‡hvM G‡m‡Q| U¨v‡Ki AmQjZvi `i b Avgv‡K eva¨ n‡q
ev ̄ e „̀wófw½ MÖnY K‡i eÜzyevÜe‡`i m‡½ cÎvjvc A_ev mskªe eR©b
Ki‡Z n‡qwQj (KviY †cv÷KvW© †Kbvi gZ cqmv cÖPzi msL¨vq nv‡gmvB
_vK‡Zv bv)| H GKB Kvi‡Y Avcbv‡K GKLvbv Aa©-e¨eüZ KvM‡Ri ¶z ª̀
eR©vBm A¶‡i wPwV wj‡LwQ, KviY cwi®‥vi KvMR Avgvi Znwe‡j †bB|
hvB †nvK, KjKvZv hvIqvi cv‡_q †RvMvo K‡iwQ, K‡qK w`b
Avnv‡ii e‡‱`ve ̄ Ki‡Z cvi‡jB Avwg AbwZwej‡¤ ̂ KjKvZv Awfgy‡L
c`Pvjbv Ki‡ev| nq‡Zv G wPwV cvIqvi K‡qK w`b c‡iB Avcbviv G
gnvKwei gyLP‱`ª (`uvwo Ave„Z) `k©b K‡i K…Zv_© n‡eb| GB Dcj‡¶
cÖv_wgK Av‡qvRb cÖvq †kl K‡i †d‡jwQ| bM` AvU Avbv LiP K‡i Ry‡Zv
†mjvB Ges K‡qKwU cwÆ ms‡hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GgbwK GKwU bZzb
Kvwg‡Ri †RvMvoI n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| cyi‡bv kxZe ¿̄¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b Lye Kv‡R
jvM‡Q| ...AZGe hZw`b abZ‡‰¿i Kei †Luvov bv n‡Q ZZw`b eva¨ n‡q
ej‡Z n‡e abZ‰¿ wR‱`vev`| -cÖxwZgy» diiæL Avng`ÕÕ
Dc‡iv³ wPwV `y‡Uv‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb diiæL Avng‡`i `vwi`ª¨-wK¬ó
Rxe‡bi wPÎ cvIqv hvq; Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb Zuvi mvwnZ¨-cÖqvm Ges Rxeb-
`„wói GKUv my¯úó AvfvmI dz‡U D‡V‡Q|
1948 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K diiæL Avng` KjKvZv †Q‡o XvKvq P‡j
Av‡mb| XvKvq G‡m wZwb cÖ_‡g XvKv †eZv‡i AwbqwgZ Ges c‡i 1952
mv‡ji GwcÖj †_‡K wbqwgZ ÷vd AvwU©÷ ev wbR¯̂ wkíx wnmv‡e Avg„Zz¨
KvR K‡ib| XvKv †eZv‡i wZwb `xN©Kvj †QvU‡`i Avmi ÔwK‡kvi gRwjkÕ
cwiPvjbv K‡ib| †eZv‡ii cÖ‡qvR‡b Mvb, Kw_Kv, bvwUKv, wkï‡Zvl iPbv,
MxwZbvU¨, MxwZ-wewPÎv BZ¨vw` wj‡L‡Qb| wb‡Ri I Ab¨‡`i KweZv Ave„wË
K‡i‡Qb, cuyw_ cvV K‡i‡Qb, we‡kl Abyôvbmg~n cÖ‡hvRbv BZ¨vw` bvbv Kv‡R
wb‡R‡K e¨vc„Z †i‡L‡Qb| †eZv‡i Zuvi mnKgx©‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb Kwe
kvnv`r †nv‡mb, Kwe AvwRRyi ingvb, Kwe •mq` Avjx Avnmvb, Kwe Aveyj
†nv‡mb, kvgmyj û`v †P․ayix, Kwe wmKv‱`vi Avey Rvdi, Kwe kvgmyi
ivngvb, Kwe †ngv‡qZ †nv‡mb, MxwZKvi axi Avjx, D ̄ v` †e`vi DÏxb
Avng`, myiKvi Avãyj Avnv`, MxwZKvi bvwRi Avng`, K_vwkíx
Avkivdz¾vgvb Lvb, K_vwkíx bvRgyj Avjg, †gveviK †nv‡mb Lvb c ÖgyL|
1948 mv‡j diiæL Avng` XvKv †eZvi †K‡‱ ª̀ ÷vd AvwU©‡÷i PvKzix‡Z
†hvM`vb Kivi ci g„Zz¨i AvM ch©‰ wZwb G PvKzix‡ZB envj wQ‡jb| hw`I
diiæL cÖwZfv 41 42 diiæL cÖwZfv
evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvi ci ZrKvjxb miKv‡ii †Kvcvb‡j cwZZ n‡q Zuv‡K
wKQyw`b PvKzix‡Z mvm‡cÛ _vK‡Z nq| g~jZ XvKv †eZv‡ii PvKzix‡Z
†hvM`v‡bi ciB Zuvi GB mgqKvi Kg©Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q
Ôdii L-iPbvejxÕ-Gi Ôcwiwkó t Kwe RxebÕ As‡k ejv n‡q‡Q t
ÔÔXvKv †eZvi †K‱ ª̀‡K wN‡iB ïi nq diiæL Avng‡`i bZzb mvwnZ¨
Rxeb Ges Rxe‡bi †kl Aa¨vq| ÷vd AvwU©÷iƒ‡c †eZv‡i PvKzix‡Z †hvM`vb
Ki‡jI, wZwb wQ‡jb Avm‡j Ô÷vd ivBUviÕ| †eZv‡ii Rb¨ Mvb, Kw_Kv
BZ¨vw` †jLvB wQj Zuvi `vwq‡Z¡i A‰ M©Z, wZwb †eZv‡ii Rb¨ AmsL¨ Mvb,
Kw_Kv, bvwUKv, m½xZv‡jL¨ wj‡L‡Qb| G `vwqZ¡ cvjb QvovI `xN©Kvj
cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Qb ÔwK‡kvi gRwjmÕ|... †eZv‡i PvKzix Ki‡jI diiæL Avng`,
kvnv`r †nv‡mb Guiv em‡Zb cÖavbZ †eZvi fe‡bi Dj‡Uvw`‡K AvwRwRqv
†i÷y‡i‡‱U| G †i÷y‡i‡‱U wQj †eZv‡ii Kg©Pvix Ges wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡`i
AvÇvLvbv| diiæL Avng`, wmKv‱`vi Avey Rvdi, AvwRRyi ingvb cÖgyL Kwe-
mvwnwZ¨Kiv huviv †eZv‡ii Ô÷vd AvwU©÷Õ wQ‡jb, Zuviv AwaKvsk mgqB
KvUv‡Zb GB †i÷y‡i‡‱U| Ab¨vb¨ wkíx mvwnwZ¨KivI GLv‡bB cÖavbZ Zuv‡`i
mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡Zb| mvwnZ¨-ms ‥̄…wZ w