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An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88CHICKEN CURRY WITH RICECHICKEN CURRY WITH RICE
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• Rice–400g basmati rice
–100ml butter
–1.5l water
• Chicken Curry– 1.6 Kg chicken
– 6 garlic cloves
– 4 medium sized onions
– 5oml/ 2oz clarified butter
– 1.5ml/ 1/2tsp chilli powder
– 4 cardamom pods
– 3 cloves, salt
– 25mm/ 1 in cinnamon stick
– 150ml/ 5 fl oz natural yoghurt
– 10ml/ 2tsp white malt
– 10ml/ 2tsp sugar|
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88INGREDIENTSINGREDIENTS
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• Fry– Add the butter to a large saucepan over medium heat
– When hot, add the onions and garlic and fry for 30 seconds
– Add chili powder, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, yoghurt,
vinegar,salt and sugar
– Stir for 60 seconds and add chicken
– Wait until all the liquid evaporates
• Simmer– Add 100ml water to pan
– bring this to boil
– lower heat
– Simmer until oil separates from the gravy
– Serve with the rice
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PREPARE CHICKEN CURRYPREPARE CHICKEN CURRY
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• Soak– Soak the rice in cold water for 1/2 hour ensuring rice is fully
covered
• Boil– Add water to a pan
– Bring to boil
– Drain the rice and add to the pan
– Boil for 10 minutes or until rice grains begin to expand and change their texture
– Transfer the rice to a colander
• Simmer– Add the butter and 10ml of water to the pan
– Heat until butter melts
– transfer half the mixture to a cup and the rice to the saucepan
– pour the butter mixture over the rice
– Cover the pan and simmer for 20 minutes on low heat
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PREPARE RICEPREPARE RICE
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• 2 Large saucepan or flameproof casserole
• Gas or electric cooker
• Measuring spoons
• Ladle
• wooden spoon
• Chopping board
• Sharp Knife
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT
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An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PROCESS DEFINITIONPROCESS DEFINITION
A process is a sequence of chemical, physical or biological activities for the conversion, transport or storage of material or energy.A process can be classified as:
Continuous processMaterials are passed in a continuous flow through processing equipment
Discrete parts manufacturing processesProducts are classified into production lots. A specific quantity of product moves as a unit
Batch processesAre the production of finite quantities of materials by subjecting input materials to a defined order of processing actions using one or more pieces of equipment.
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Process
Consists of anordered set of
Consists of anordered set of
Chicken curry with rice
Prepare chicken curryPrepare rice
FrySimmer
Add butterHeat
ProcessOperation
ProcessAction
Consists of anordered set of
Process Stage
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PROCESS MODELPROCESS MODEL
Is a part of a process that usually operates independently from other process stages.
Usually results in a chemical or physical change in the material being processed.
Describe minor processing activities those are combined to make up a process operation.
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Kitchen
Large saucepanFrying pan
Cooker
Heat control knob
Must contain
May contain
May contain
Unit
ControlModule
EquipmentModule
ProcessCell
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PHYSICAL MODELPHYSICAL MODEL
Enterprise
Site
Contains all the units, equipment modules required to make one or more batches.
One or more major processing activities can be conducted in a unit.
Can carry out a finite number of specific minor processing activities such as dosing or weighing.Can be exclusive or shared use.Is a collection of sensors or actuators. One or more combined.
Area
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An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PROCESS CELL CLASSIFICATION: by number of productsPROCESS CELL CLASSIFICATION: by number of products
Single product
Produces the same product in each batch.
Variations in procedures and parametres are possible.
Multi product
Produces different products utilizing different methods of production or control.
There are two possibilities:- all products are produced with the same procedure using different formula values (varying materials and/or process parameters)- the products are produced using different procedures.
Variations in procedures and parametres are possible.
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An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PROCESS CELL CLASSIFICATION: by physical structurePROCESS CELL CLASSIFICATION: by physical structure
Single pathIs a group of units through which a batch passes sequentially.Several batches may be in progress at the same time.
Multiple pathConsists of multiple single-path structures in parallel with no product transfer between them.
Network pathThe paths may be either fixed or variable. The sequence may be determined at the biginning or be totally flexible.The units may share raw materials and product storage.
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Procedure
Operation
Phase
Unit Procedure
Procedure for making Chicken curry with rice
Procedure for making chicken curryProcedure for making rice
Procedure for FryProcedure for Simmer
Procedure for Add butterProcedure for Heat
Consists of anordered set of
Consists of anordered set of
Consists of anordered set of
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88PROCEDURAL CONTROL MODELPROCEDURAL CONTROL MODEL
Is a ordered set of operations that causes a contiguous production sequence to take place in a unit.Example: Polymerize, DryIs a ordered set of phases that defines a major processing sequence involving chemical or physiscal changes in materials.Example: Preparation, React
Accomplish a process-oriented task.Example: Setting, Enabling, HMI
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An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88FUNCTIONALITIES FOR BATCH CONTROLFUNCTIONALITIES FOR BATCH CONTROL
Basic controlComprises the control dedicated to establishing and maintaining a specific state of equipment and process.Includes control loop or interlocks, Triggers corrective actions, Responds to operator commands.
Procedural controlDirects equipment-oriented actions to take place in an ordered sequence to carry out a proccess-oriented task. Is made up of procedural elements:procedure, unit procedure, operations and phases.
Coordination controlDirects, initiates, and/or modifies the execution of procedural control and the utilization of equipment entities.Example: supervising availability and capacity of equipment, allocating resources, arbitrating requests.
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Unit(s)
ProcessCell(s)
EquipmentModule(s)
Unit(s)
Unit(s)
Physical Model
UnitProcedure(s)
Procedure(s)
Phase(s)
Operation(s)
Phase(s)
Processstage
Process
ProcessAction
ProcessOperation
ProcessAction
Process Model
combinedwith a
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
Procedural model
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88MODELS RELATIONSHIPMODELS RELATIONSHIP
combinedwith a
combinedwith a
combinedwith a
combinedwith a
ControlModule(s)
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EXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL MODELLINGEXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL MODELLING
Process Cell
Unit Unit
EMEM EM
CM
EM
CM
CMCM CM CM
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88
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termostatazioneFI
PIC
control module
dosaggio
TIC
TIC
Steam
C.W.
LIC
TIC
LIC
C.W.
PIC
equipment module
N2 SIC
agitaz.
condensazione
inertizzazione equipmentmodule
EXAMPLE OF HOW TO STRUCTURE UNITSEXAMPLE OF HOW TO STRUCTURE UNITS
CM
EM
EM
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88
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CM2D4
D3CM1
CM3
CM4
D1
D2D5
PID PID
PID
HIC HIC
EXAMPLE OF CONTROL MODULESEXAMPLE OF CONTROL MODULES
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88
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EXAMPLE OF CONTROL MODULES - DETAILEXAMPLE OF CONTROL MODULES - DETAIL
Treating as a control module simplifies the interface to this group of objects
FC
FO
Pump
Circulate
Pump toProcess
Stop
Shutdown
Commands
Circulating
Pumpingto Process
Stopped
Shutdown
Status
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88
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An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88RECIPE DEFINITIONRECIPE DEFINITION
A recipe is an entity that contains the minimun set of information that uniquely defines the manufacturing requirements for a specific product.
Fundamental to the pratical application of recipes is the concept that different parts of an enterprise may need informations with different degrees of specificity and detail.
The recipe contains neither scheduling nor equipment control.
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may be transformed into
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88RECIPE TYPESRECIPE TYPES
may be transformed into
is the basis for
Site specific info
BatchID, in-process,
operator info
Process Cell specific info
Product specific processing info
Site Recipe
Control Recipe
Master Recipe
General Recipe includes
includes
includes
includes
Describe the technique,that is, how to do in principle
Describe the task,that is, how to do it with the actual resources
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An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88RECIPE CONTENTS CATEGORIESRECIPE CONTENTS CATEGORIES
HeaderComprises the administrative informations. (RecipeId, productID, version)
FormulaIncludes process inputs, process parameter and process outputs.
Equipment requirementsConstrain the choice of the equipment that will eventually be used to implement a specific part of the procedure.In the general and site recipe E.r. are specified in general terms.In the master and control recipe E.r. specifies allowable equipment in process cells.Control recipe may be used to include specific allocations of process cell equipment (reactor R-221).
Recipe procedureDefines the strategy to carry out a process.In general and site recipe R.p. are structured using levels defined in the process model.In the master and control recipe R.p. are structured using the procedural elements of the procedural control model, since these have a relationship to equipment.
Other informationAs regulatory compliance, safety, flow diagrams, labelling information
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Consists of anordered set of
Consists of anordered set of
Consists of anordered set of
General Recipe Process Operat.
General Recipe Process Stage
General RecipeProcedure
General Recipe Process Action
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88GENERAL (SITE) RECIPE PROCEDUREGENERAL (SITE) RECIPE PROCEDURE
Process
ProcessOperation
ProcessAction
Process Stage
Chicken curry with rice
Prepare chicken curryPrepare rice
FrySimmer
Add butterHeat
Functionalitycorrisponds to
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
Provides processfunctionalityto carry out a
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Recipe for making Chicken curry with rice
Recipe for making chicken curryRecipe for making rice
Recipe for FryRecipe for Simmer
Add butterHeat
Consists of anordered set of
Consists of anordered set of
Consists of anordered set of
RecipeOperation
Recipe Unit Procedure
RecipeProcedure
RecipePhase
An Introduction to S88An Introduction to S88MASTER (CONTROL) RECIPE PROCEDUREMASTER (CONTROL) RECIPE PROCEDURE