Future Fermilab Flavor Physics ProgramBrendan Casey , Fermilab, FPCP2011
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Probing the highest energies
2/24
0.1
10
1000
100000
10000000
1000000000
100000000000
10000000000000
1000000000000000New Physics Energy Scale, LNP
103 TeV
1 TeV
1013 TeV
)( ttAfbLHC compositeness
Bm
eKm
n seesaw p
p
K+
KL
p
n
n ,ne
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Current Rings/Accelerators
3/24
NuMI
BooNE
Tevatron
Cockcroft-Walton750 keV
LINAC400 MeV
Booster8 GeV
Recycler8 GeV
Main Injector 150 GeV Accumulator & Debuncher8 GeV
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Upgrades for experiments this decade
4/24
NuMIBooNE
200 MHz RFQ
LINAC400 MeV
Booster8 GeV
Recycler8 GeV
Main Injector 150 GeV Accumulator & Debuncher8 GeV
LBNE
Mu2e
g-2
K+
p
Booster:7 Hz 15 Hz
2x flux @ 8 GeV
MI:400 kW 700 kW
@ 120 GeV
Major proton source accelerator improvement project for increased beam power and reliability for next 15 years of operation
Next generation muon, Kaon, and neutrino experiments
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Upgrades for Experiments next decade
5/24
> 2 MW @ 60-80 GeV
LBNE
Short baseline n experiments
g-2, EDM
K+K0
Rare isotopes, EDMs
Nuclear energy and waste transmutation test facility
1 GeV available
~3 MW high duty factor @ 3 GeV
NeNEDM
e, eee+e--e+
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Neutrino Beamlines
6/24
LocalMiniBooNE
MicroBooNEMINERvA
SBNEMinnesota
on axis735 km MINOS
+ upgrades
Minnesota off axis810kmNOvA
+ upgrades
South Dakota wide band
1300kLBNE
+ upgrades
n factory???+
upgrades
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Leptogenesis• “Archeological evidence:”
– No electroweak baryogenesis– CPV in light, left n– Lepton number violation
• What info do we need to do these experiments?
7/24
*HlN
HlN
R
R
-
0L
0)( - LB
0B
GUT
EWMurayama hep-ph/0208005
PMNS
Need to know q13
Need to know mass hierarchy
n1
n3
n2 n3
m2> 0
n2n1
m2< 0
0nbb expectations
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
NOvA
8/24
ne
ne
Ash River 4/18/2011
n1
n3n2
n3
m2> 0
n2n1m2< 0
Oscillation frequency increases or decreases depending on hierarchy
Effective mass
Far detector Building May 18
Antineutrino interaction in surface prototype
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
LBNE
9/24
• Longer baseline– 8101300km
• Larger detector– 2 x 100 kt Water– 2 x 17 kt Liquid Ar
• Next generation q13, CPV experiments
• Broad physics program– Oscillations– Astrophysics– Proton decay
• Scope of each will depend on detector choice
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
n-factory
10/24
Ultimate and perhaps necessary reach comes from muon storage ring
Muon acceleration program (MAP) formed to unify US funded R&D and prove feasibility of muon collider in the next few years
MuCool test area at Fermilab.First beam
delivered Feb 2011
Project X
4 MW p, 5 GeV
Variations on LBNE
n factory
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
And much more
11/24
Address anomalies with MicroBooNE, MINOS+
Precision cross section measurements with
MINERvA
ArgoNeuTAmbitious LAr R&D program
BooNE
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Antiprotons
12/24
World’s greatest antimatter factory
2.6 nanograms last year
Will be repurposed for muon production but there is still interesting physics that
may be unique to this facility
Charm, hyperon, exotics
Anti Hydrogen
Anti Gravity
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Kaons
13/24
Same motivation for FCNC B and K programs
Difference is the size of the SM ‘background’
Generic couplings: Kaons win, flavor specific: need both
b
s
s
d
9
4
103:
103:-
-
sB
sb1100
11
104.2:
108.7:-
-
nnp
nnp
K
K
B mesons: Vts l2 or Vtd l3 or Vub l3
Kaons: Vts* Vtd l5
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Kp nn
14/24
1st 2nd 3rd generation at BNL = 7 event data sample
Can get hundreds of evts per year starting with beam from Main Injector
and continuing with Project X
BNL E787 event display
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
K0p 0nn
15/24
Pico-bunches
Pointing
Plus a lot more
200 evt/yr possible with Project X
Pencil beam
Generic couplings: Kaons win, flavor specific: need both
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Other Kaon measurements
16/24
Enormous data sets + multipurpose detectors = lots of physics
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Charged lepton flavor program
17/24
An observation of charged lepton flavor violation expected in the next decade implies existence of a new mixing matrix.
Expect same as quarks, neutrinos: multi-decade program to determine 4 parameters of the matrix
ee
eeee→e, N→eN
→e, eee
→, (g-2)e, (g-2), (g-2)
Cold traps,intense muon sources,super B factories,/charm factories, lepton colliders,Hadron colliders…
CP violation: lepton EDM measurements
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
G-2
18/24
target
ring
Pbar complex
• Follow up of BNL experiment but better:– Reuse the storage ring– 10x longer decay
channel– Segmented calorimeters– Tracking– >20x statistics, >2x less
systematics• Coupled with a world
wide program to interpret the measurement
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Mu2e
19/24
Direct conversion of a muon into an electron Diagrams in common with
e
Mu2e goal: 3 x10-17 wrt capture (LNP~104 TeV)
Diagrams not accessible to
esignalbkg
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
e with Project X
20/23
Option 1: LFV established design for precision measurements / properties
Option 2: LFV not established design for maximum sensitivity3 x 10-19 possible with Project X beam power
Conversion rate vrs target Z
Vector current
Scalar current
dipole
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
EDMs
21/24
MFV + 1 new phase + Bs CPV = EDM
Large Bs CPV shrinks available parameter space
Thalliumneutron
Mercury
10-25
10-30
Buras, Isidori, Paradisi arXiv:1007.5291
Bs CPV
EDMs this decade ?!?!
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
EDMs• e EDM:
– Can amplify signal using high Z Alkali metals• Outer electron is in s-wave: size of
electron becomes size of atom.• Factor ~1000 enhancement for
Francium– Project X nuclear physics facility: copious
production of desired heavy isotopes• EDM:
– EDM tilts precession plane of muons in a storage ring• Factor 100 improvement possible with
New g-2 experiment• Extra factor 10000 possible with
dedicated storage ring in Project X muon facility
22/23
B
S
E
rest frameB
S
w
w
E
EDM≠0
EDM=0
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Near term timeline
23/24
B. Casey, FPCP 2011
Conclusions
24/24
p
K+
KL
p
n
n ,ne
• Fermilab is planning a diverse neutrino and targeted rare process program that covers many of the most important low energy observables
• In several cases, Fermilab is the best place to perform these experiments– Beam power + duty factor– In many, it is the only place to perform
these measurements to high precision due to unique features of Project X
• The program will play an integral role in interpreting LHC results, will push the envelope in precision detector technology, and will provide unique opportunities to grad students and post docs.