- 1.
- Navigation of Information Spaces
- Mohanr, Psyc 579, 6 Apr 2011
2.
- Way finding 3. Landmarks 4. Navigation 5. Interaction
design
6.
- Three stages: 1. key landmarks 2. route from one location to
another 3. 2D cognitive spatial map * Order -depends
7.
-
- .distinctiveenvironmental features 8. . associated with
navigation actions
- route = actions + landmarks Why do we need landmarks? . less
cognitive resources to navigate
9.
- Functions of different kinds oflandmarks in virtual
environments
10.
-
Followtheroaduntilyougettothechurch,thenturnright.Thencontinuepasttwointersections.Youllsee
agasstationononesideoftheroadandabigappletreeontheother.Rightafterthat,make
yourfirstleft.Atthestopsign,turnleftagain.Illmeet youinfrontof the
house at the end of the road.
- Paths Edges Districts Nodes Landmarks
11.
- Followtheroad untilyougettothechurch
,thenturnright.Thencontinuepasttwointersections
.Youllseeagasstation ononesideoftheroad andabigappletree
ontheother.Rightafterthat,make yourfirstleft.Atthestopsign
,turnleftagain.Illmeet youinfrontof the houseat theend of the road
.
- Paths Edges Districts Nodes Landmarks
12.
- Difficulties: . due to multiple viewpoints . scaling error
13.
- Design guidelines:
- . a small number is visible at all times 14. . each visually
distinct from others 15. . use concrete and not abstract objects
16. . placed on major paths 17. . carry a common element
18.
- Minimizing distortions in cognitive maps:
- . result from hierarchical structure
- underestimate distance 19. rectilinear normalization
- San Diego, Californiaiswest ofReno, Nevada ?
20. Navigation Definition: . creation and interpretation of an
internal model Four cognitive activities: . Browsing and modelling
. Interpretation . Strategy . Navigational process 21. Navigation
Browsing: Definition:registration of contentTypes:
-
- perceptual browsing 22. cognitive browsing 23. weighted
browsing
Modelling: initiating the formation of an internal model 24.
Navigation Interpretation: . content registered from browsing
activity . integration into internal model . formation of an
internal model or cognitive map Interpreted in various ways: . no
more browsing is needed . current model is inadequate 25.
Navigation Browsing strategy: . planned . opportunistic Triggered:
. cognitively . perceptually 26. Navigation 27. Interaction design
To support browsing: . selection, encoding & presentation of
data . inherent data structure must be transformed into an imposed
structure . quick overview at a glance . low cost of interaction To
support modelling: . external representation should match the
inherent structure in data . topological structures representations
might be more effective Maintenance of internal model: . external
variations should be less disruptive . changing smoothly . show
only the relevant details 28. Interaction design
- Richard Scarry's Busiest Neighbourhood Disc Ever
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgqVv2ODVy0
29. Interaction design 30. Interaction design Navigation
metaphors: A good metaphor
-
- is apt 31. matches the system well 32. easy to understand
A good Interface with right affordances
-
- makes the possibility for action plain to the user 33. gives
feedback that is easy to interpret
Four different kinds:
-
- world in hand 34. eyeball in hand 35. walking 36. flying
37. Interaction design World in hand 38. Interaction design
Eyeball in hand 39. Interaction design Walking 40. Interaction
design Flying 41. Interaction design Interaction:
-
- affordances of the virtual data space 42. real physical space
43. input device 44. user's mental model of the task
Sense of control:
-
- Principle of transparency
- user is able to apply intellect directly to the task 45. the
tool itself seems to disappear
- Responsiveness of system is key
- visual feedback within 1/10 sec
46. Interaction design Three kinds of problems:
-
- spatial scale 47. structural scale 48. temporal scale
Four visualization techniques:
-
- distortion 49. rapid zooming 50. elision 51. multiple
windows
52. Interaction design 53. Interaction design 54. Interaction
design 55. Interaction design 56. Interaction design 57.
Summary
- Three stages of way finding 58. Landmarks
- different types of landmarks 59. design guidelines for building
landmarks in VE 60. cognitive maps and distortion
- Theoretical framework for navigation
- with 4 cognitive activities
- Recommendation for Interaction designers
- to support browsing, modelling 61. different navigation
metaphors 62. different techniques to achieve focus + context
63. Thank you.