Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ESTIMATION OF LAI INHETEROGENEOUS FORESTS USING
SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING
Yaseen T. [email protected]
Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Zakho (UOZ)
Zakho-Duhok, Kurdistan region-Iraq
September 5, 2012
2nd International Conference on Climate Change & Social Issues
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Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Forest and its growth
What does it matter?
Why does it matter?
Who are interested?
2 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Forest and its growth
What does it matter?
Why does it matter?
Who are interested?
2 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Forest and its growth
LAI = total one-sided area of leaf tissue per unit groundsurface area (m2.m−2).
3 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of LAI
Field measurements
Direct methods
Indirect methods
4 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of LAI
Field measurements
Direct methods
Indirect methods
4 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of LAI
Field measurements
Direct methods
Indirect methods
4 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of LAI
Field measurements
Direct methods
Indirect methods
4 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of LAI
Remote sensing (RS):
Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS).
1 km resolutionEvery eight-day
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Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
... Continue
Mustafa et al. (2011) have estimated MODIS LAI at 250 mspatial support using MODIS normalized difference vegetationindex (NDVI) product.
By establishing the relation between the NDVI MODIS andthe FPAR MODIS and LAI calculated from the predictedFPAR at 250 m.
It is still a course resolution and the high landscapeheterogeneity can be completely dissolved in 250 m pixels.
6 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1
Example 2
7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2 7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Determination of subpixel area proportion
MODIS NDVI product
identify DOY of the
used pixel in the
composite NDVI image
Use MOD03
image of the
identified DOY pixel
MOD03 footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
MODIS LAI footprint
(reference footprint)
Reference footprint
grided into 16 grid cells
Intersect gridded
reference foot-
print and gridded
MOD03 footprint
Determine the proper MOD03
grid cell by finding the
shortest distance between
centers of MOD03 grid
cell and reference footprint
grid cell for each grid cell
calculate the intesected area
between MOD03 grid cell
and the reference polygons
Example 1 Example 2 7 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Decomposition
Linear Mixture Model (LMM) is used to decompose LAIMODIS into five values, one for each species.
x ik = ΣjAik,jy
ij + εik (1)
i (1, ..., 5) ⇒ image number;
x ik ⇒ LAIM for pixel k at image i ;
Ai ⇒ matrix of the area proportion values of species j(j = 1, ..., 5) in pixel k at image i ;
y ij ⇒ the LAI of tree species j at image i ; and
εik ⇒ the residual for pixel k at image i .
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Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Decomposition
Linear Mixture Model (LMM) is used to decompose LAIMODIS into five values, one for each species.
x ik = ΣjAik,jy
ij + εik (1)
i (1, ..., 5) ⇒ image number;
x ik ⇒ LAIM for pixel k at image i ;
Ai ⇒ matrix of the area proportion values of species j(j = 1, ..., 5) in pixel k at image i ;
y ij ⇒ the LAI of tree species j at image i ; and
εik ⇒ the residual for pixel k at image i .
8 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Decomposition
Linear Mixture Model (LMM) is used to decompose LAIMODIS into five values, one for each species.
x ik = ΣjAik,jy
ij + εik (1)
i (1, ..., 5) ⇒ image number;
x ik ⇒ LAIM for pixel k at image i ;
Ai ⇒ matrix of the area proportion values of species j(j = 1, ..., 5) in pixel k at image i ;
y ij ⇒ the LAI of tree species j at image i ; and
εik ⇒ the residual for pixel k at image i .
8 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Decomposition
Linear Mixture Model (LMM) is used to decompose LAIMODIS into five values, one for each species.
x ik = ΣjAik,jy
ij + εik (1)
i (1, ..., 5) ⇒ image number;
x ik ⇒ LAIM for pixel k at image i ;
Ai ⇒ matrix of the area proportion values of species j(j = 1, ..., 5) in pixel k at image i ;
y ij ⇒ the LAI of tree species j at image i ; and
εik ⇒ the residual for pixel k at image i .
8 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Decomposition
Linear Mixture Model (LMM) is used to decompose LAIMODIS into five values, one for each species.
x ik = ΣjAik,jy
ij + εik (1)
i (1, ..., 5) ⇒ image number;
x ik ⇒ LAIM for pixel k at image i ;
Ai ⇒ matrix of the area proportion values of species j(j = 1, ..., 5) in pixel k at image i ;
y ij ⇒ the LAI of tree species j at image i ; and
εik ⇒ the residual for pixel k at image i .
8 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Study area
Field data
MODIS data
MOD03MOD13QMOD15A
Location of the study area in the Speulderbos forest
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Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Decomposition
Decomposed MODIS LAI into five LAI values of five species, Beech, Douglas fir,Hemlock, Japanese larch, and Scotch pine.
10 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Decomposition
Decomposed MODIS LAI into five LAI values of five species after replacing the unexpected LAI values with theprecedent LAI values. (a) Beech, (b) Douglas fir, (c) Hemlock, (d) Japanese larch, and (e) Scotch pine.
11 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
DecompositionThe mean values (µ), standard division (σ), RMSEs and REs forthe LAISAT, and LAIFD of five tree species during study time.
Source µ σ RMSESAT RESAT
Beech LAISAT 4.24 0.22 0.31 7.31%LAIFD 4.09 0.43
Douglas fir LAISAT 4.24 0.20 0.26 6.43%LAIFD 4.00 0.20
Hemlock LAISAT 4.27 0.36 0.37 8.68%LAIFD 4.04 0.54
Japanese larch LAISAT 4.13 0.11 0.17 3.47%LAIFD 4.05 0.26
Scotch pine LAISAT 4.31 0.18 0.23 4.47%LAIFD 4.16 0.35
Composed LAISAT 4.17 0.20 1.45 25.25%LAIFD 5.60 0.43
The accuracy is assessed using:
Root mean square error(RMSE)Relative error (RE)
12 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Conclusions
The decomposed MODIS LAI of individual species isestimated successfully;
This approach can be applied with any heterogeneousforest to infer spatio-temporal estimation of LAI.
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Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Outlook
Implement the approach in a larger area, and differentarea with different species.
Formulate and integrate statistical approaches (i.e.,EM-algorithm) to estimate missing satellite data.
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Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
References
Kalacska, M., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Caelli, T., Rivard, B., & Boerlage, B.(2005). Estimating leaf area index from satellite imagery using Bayesiannetworks. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43 (8):1866-1873.
McCoy, R. M. (2005). Field methods in remote sensing. New York: GuilfordPress.
Mustafa, Y. T., Van Laake, P. E., & Stein, A. (2011). Bayesian NetworkModeling for Improving Forest Growth Estimates. IEEE Transactions onGeoscience and Remote Sensing 49 (2): 639-649.
Mustafa, Y. T., Stein, A., Tolpekin, V., & Van Laake, P. E. (2012) “Improvingforest growth estimates using a Bayesian network approach” PhotogrammetricEngineering & Remote Sensing 78 (1):45-51.
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Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
?
16 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
An example of determining a proper grid cell of MOD03 by selecting a shortest distance between center of a gridcell (×) of the MOD03 footprint and center of a grid cell (∗) of the reference footprint (dashed line)
Flowchart .17 / 18
Background Method Application Results Conclusions Outlook References ?
Selected MOD03 grid cell intersected with reference polygonsa b
0 0.50.25 km Tree speciesBeechDouglas Fir
HemlockJapanese Larch
Scotch PineNo Trees
( ) ( )
Flowchart .18 / 18