Download ppt - Sustainable Agricultural and Natural Resources Management Collaborative Research Support Program North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University

North Carolina Agricultural North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State Universityand Technical State University

Sustainable Agricultural and Sustainable Agricultural and Natural Resources Management Natural Resources Management Collaborative Research Support ProgramCollaborative Research Support Program

Adoption of Intergrated Vegetable-Adoption of Intergrated Vegetable-Agroforestry System (VAF) among Agroforestry System (VAF) among

Smallholder Upland Farmers Smallholder Upland Farmers in the Philippinesin the Philippines

ANTHONY M. PENASO, JUDITH D. INTONG ANTHONY M. PENASO, JUDITH D. INTONG

MARIA EMILY S. DAMAG, ROBIN R. MARSH MARIA EMILY S. DAMAG, ROBIN R. MARSH MANUEL R. REYESMANUEL R. REYES

http://www.ncat.edu/

http://www.usaid.gov/


Sustainable Agricultural and Sustainable Agricultural and Natural Resources Management Natural Resources Management Collaborative Research Support ProgramCollaborative Research Support Program

Agroforestry and Agroforestry and Sustainable Vegetable Sustainable Vegetable

Production in Southeast Production in Southeast Asian WatershedsAsian Watersheds




SANREM CRSP TMPEGS (SOUTHEAST ASIA) SCIENTISTSSANREM CRSP TMPEGS (SOUTHEAST ASIA) SCIENTISTS




INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

World population is about 6.5 billion (World population is about 6.5 billion (Levine, 2005Levine, 2005) and is estimated to increase by 73 ) and is estimated to increase by 73 million people per year. million people per year.

About 800 million people are hungry, of whom About 800 million people are hungry, of whom 95% are in developing countries (95% are in developing countries (Future Harvest Centers, 2004aFuture Harvest Centers, 2004a). ).

In East and Southeast Asia (SEA) about 1.7 In East and Southeast Asia (SEA) about 1.7 billion persons are living on less than US$ 1/day billion persons are living on less than US$ 1/day ((CIMMYT, 2001CIMMYT, 2001). ).

http://www.ibiblio.org/lunarbin/worldpop

http://www.futureharvest.org/people/background.shtml

http://www.cimmyt.org/whatiscimmyt/AR00_2001/meeting/meeting.htm





Furthermore, available resources such as land Furthermore, available resources such as land and water have been rapidly diminishing. This and water have been rapidly diminishing. This project seeks to alleviate poverty, food scarcity, project seeks to alleviate poverty, food scarcity, and reduce environmental degradation in SEA and reduce environmental degradation in SEA by combining economically-viable and resource-by combining economically-viable and resource-conserving technologies, and gender friendly conserving technologies, and gender friendly socio-economic policies that benefit and reward socio-economic policies that benefit and reward stakeholders in a watershed, especially stakeholders in a watershed, especially small-small-scale farmers both women and menscale farmers both women and men (SSFWM). (SSFWM).





The hypothesis to be tested is ‘integrating The hypothesis to be tested is ‘integrating vegetable production in the agroforestry vegetable production in the agroforestry system on small farms will help to alleviate system on small farms will help to alleviate poverty and enhance environmental poverty and enhance environmental protection, sustainability, and ecosystem protection, sustainability, and ecosystem biodiversity in SEA watersheds.’ biodiversity in SEA watersheds.’





Another closely related hypothesis is Another closely related hypothesis is ‘integrating agroforestry in a vegetable ‘integrating agroforestry in a vegetable production system on small farms will help production system on small farms will help to alleviate poverty and enhance to alleviate poverty and enhance environmental protection, sustainability, environmental protection, sustainability, and ecosystem biodiversity in SEA and ecosystem biodiversity in SEA watersheds.’watersheds.’




PHILIPPINE SITE: PHILIPPINE SITE:

LANTAPAN, BUKIDNONLANTAPAN, BUKIDNON




Lantapan is considered the Lantapan is considered the vegetable basket of southern vegetable basket of southern Philippines. The municipality Philippines. The municipality of Lantapan is located in a of Lantapan is located in a river valley that is crossed by river valley that is crossed by Mindanao’s major north-south Mindanao’s major north-south highway some 15 km south of highway some 15 km south of Malaybalay, Bukidnon’s Malaybalay, Bukidnon’s provincial capital, and 100 km provincial capital, and 100 km southeast of Cagayan de Oro southeast of Cagayan de Oro City, the closest city and port.City, the closest city and port.




The left bank of the The left bank of the Manupali River bounds Manupali River bounds Lantapan on the south, Lantapan on the south, and a major protected and a major protected area, the Mt. Kitanglad area, the Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park Range Natural Park (MKNRP) on the north. (MKNRP) on the north. Lantapan is wholly Lantapan is wholly contained within the contained within the Manupali watershed. Manupali watershed.




In 1992, the Manupali In 1992, the Manupali watershed was declared watershed was declared “critical” by the “critical” by the Department of Department of Environment and Natural Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Resources (DENR), making it subject to making it subject to restricted development restricted development and conservation. and conservation.




Lantapan has a total land area Lantapan has a total land area of 35,465 hectares. Of this, of 35,465 hectares. Of this, 21,215 hectares are classified 21,215 hectares are classified as alienable and disposable as alienable and disposable lands, while 14,250 hectares lands, while 14,250 hectares are public lands. Lantapan has are public lands. Lantapan has an average elevation of 600 m, an average elevation of 600 m, which increases as one which increases as one proceeds northwest to MKNRP proceeds northwest to MKNRP to a maximum of 2,938 m. to a maximum of 2,938 m.




About 70 per cent of the area About 70 per cent of the area has slopes greater than 10%. has slopes greater than 10%. Soil types are generally Soil types are generally classified as Adtuyon and classified as Adtuyon and Kidapawan clays, which are Kidapawan clays, which are mostly well drained. The mostly well drained. The average annual rainfall is average annual rainfall is 2,470 mm.2,470 mm.




Lantapan’s population has Lantapan’s population has been rapidly increasing. It been rapidly increasing. It was projected that the 2000 was projected that the 2000 population would triple by population would triple by 2015. Lantapan has an 2015. Lantapan has an agriculturally based agriculturally based economy. Up to the early economy. Up to the early 90’s, ninety per cent of the 90’s, ninety per cent of the households have been households have been dependent on smallholder dependent on smallholder farming. farming.




However, this changed However, this changed since two large since two large corporations started corporations started banana production in the banana production in the late 1990s. It is estimated late 1990s. It is estimated that about 60 per cent of that about 60 per cent of the total labor force of the total labor force of Lantapan are now Lantapan are now employed in commercial employed in commercial agricultural enterprises. agricultural enterprises.




The on-going shift to The on-going shift to large-scale commercial large-scale commercial agriculture pushed the agriculture pushed the smallholders to farm smallholders to farm smaller plots in less smaller plots in less productive and more productive and more environmentally fragile environmentally fragile areas. areas.




Lantapan’s pattern of Lantapan’s pattern of agricultural expansion agricultural expansion involved the involved the replacement of forest replacement of forest and permanent crops and permanent crops by annual crops. The by annual crops. The spread of vegetable spread of vegetable cropping is common in cropping is common in high altitude and high altitude and steeply sloping areas. steeply sloping areas.




TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY

Develop economically viable and Develop economically viable and ecologically-sound integrated vegetable-ecologically-sound integrated vegetable-agroforestry (VAF) systems to increase agroforestry (VAF) systems to increase farm productivity and income, and reduce farm productivity and income, and reduce vulnerability and risks vulnerability and risks




THE RESEARCH PROGRAM THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:

T – ECHNOLOGYT – ECHNOLOGY

M – ARKETSM – ARKETS

P – OLICYP – OLICY

E – NVIRONMENTAL & SOCIO-ECONOMIC E – NVIRONMENTAL & SOCIO-ECONOMIC

IMPACTSIMPACTS

G – ENDERG – ENDER

S – CALING UPS – CALING UP




What was accomplished (Philippines)?What was accomplished (Philippines)?

Technology:Technology:

• V – Vegetable AgroforestryV – Vegetable Agroforestry

• II - Introduction of new vegetable - Introduction of new vegetable varieties and indigenous vegetablesvarieties and indigenous vegetables

• Drip IrrigationDrip Irrigation

• Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management

• No-TillageNo-Tillage




MARKETSMARKETS

Conduct market value chain research at Conduct market value chain research at the local, regional, and national levels that the local, regional, and national levels that builds upon existing marketing strategies builds upon existing marketing strategies and develop interventions to overcome and develop interventions to overcome constraints and make use of opportunities constraints and make use of opportunities




POLICYPOLICY

Identify policy options and institutional Identify policy options and institutional frameworks that promote sustainability of frameworks that promote sustainability of vegetable-agroforestry production and vegetable-agroforestry production and reward environmental services reward environmental services




ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTSSOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS

Assess the short and long-term Assess the short and long-term environmental and socio-economic environmental and socio-economic impacts of integrated vegetable-impacts of integrated vegetable-agroforestry systems agroforestry systems




GENDERGENDER

Provide mechanisms to improve the Provide mechanisms to improve the socioeconomic well-being of women socioeconomic well-being of women engaged in vegetable production and engaged in vegetable production and agroforestry enterprises especially in agroforestry enterprises especially in terms of income and labor share, and to terms of income and labor share, and to involve them in decisions that concern involve them in decisions that concern their welfaretheir welfare..




SCALING-UPSCALING-UP

Build host country capacity in managing Build host country capacity in managing integrated vegetable-agroforestry system integrated vegetable-agroforestry system and packaging related technical, and packaging related technical, social/economic and institutional social/economic and institutional innovations for replication and scaling up innovations for replication and scaling up to other watersheds in the region to other watersheds in the region




VAF ADOPTION STUDYVAF ADOPTION STUDY

The general objective of the study is to The general objective of the study is to determine the adoption behavior among determine the adoption behavior among smallholder upland farmers in Barangay smallholder upland farmers in Barangay Songco, Lantapan, Bukidnon, Philippines Songco, Lantapan, Bukidnon, Philippines towards integrated VAF system and to towards integrated VAF system and to establish feedback mechanism between establish feedback mechanism between farmers and technologists.farmers and technologists.




SPECIFIC OBJECTIVESSPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Specifically, it aims to:Specifically, it aims to:

(1) monitor technology adoption rate and (1) monitor technology adoption rate and innovativeness of smallholder upland innovativeness of smallholder upland farmers;farmers;

(2) assess income realized from (2) assess income realized from technology adoption (through guided self-technology adoption (through guided self-reporting and validation) ;reporting and validation) ;




SPECIFIC OBJECTIVESSPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

(3) (3) determine the influence of technology determine the influence of technology adoption on women, men, and youth adoption on women, men, and youth members of the household, including labor members of the household, including labor demand and food security, and on demand and food security, and on management of soil, water and other management of soil, water and other natural resources; andnatural resources; and

(4) identify problems met in technology (4) identify problems met in technology adoption for immediate feedback to the adoption for immediate feedback to the SANREM technology team.SANREM technology team.




PROJECT DURATIONPROJECT DURATION

START: START: October 1, 2007 October 1, 2007

END: END: Sept. 30, 2009Sept. 30, 2009




METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

Participatory monitoring and Participatory monitoring and evaluation using a semi-evaluation using a semi-structured monitoring form is structured monitoring form is employed where fifty (50) employed where fifty (50) farmer cooperators selected in farmer cooperators selected in the baseline study do self-the baseline study do self-recording and reporting of recording and reporting of pertinent information relative to pertinent information relative to adoption of integrated VAF adoption of integrated VAF system. system.




METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGY

Monitoring by researchers Monitoring by researchers is done twice a year (per is done twice a year (per cropping season). In cropping season). In addition, information addition, information received is communicated in received is communicated in timely fashion to the timely fashion to the technical field staff to technical field staff to facilitate adaptation to facilitate adaptation to account for farmer adoption account for farmer adoption constraints. constraints.




PROJECT PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STATUSIMPLEMENTATION STATUS

Conducted participatory Conducted participatory monitoring and monitoring and evaluation for the evaluation for the second cropping period, second cropping period, CY 2007 (July – CY 2007 (July – December 2007) last December 2007) last January 2007January 2007





Presented project Presented project concerns during the 3concerns during the 3rdrd Global Annual Meeting of Global Annual Meeting of SANREM-CRSP help at SANREM-CRSP help at Splash Mountain Resort Splash Mountain Resort and oasis Hotel, Los and oasis Hotel, Los Baños, Laguna on May Baños, Laguna on May 26-29, 2008) 26-29, 2008)





The second round of monitoring and The second round of monitoring and evaluation for the first cropping period, evaluation for the first cropping period, CY (January – June 2008) will be CY (January – June 2008) will be conducted this month of July 2008conducted this month of July 2008




The EndThe End

