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ColumbiaUniversity Fall2016 DepartmentofArtHistoryandArchaeology"ModernBrazilianArchitecture,1890-2006"Instructor:RenatoAnelliMeetingtime:MW,10:10-11:25Coursenumber:AHISGU4077Coursedescription:IntroductiontothedesignsandtheoriesofModernBrazilianArchitecture,fromitsoriginsinthemodernizationprocessoflateNineteenthCenturytothecontemporaryworkofPauloMendesdaRocha,OscarNiemeyerandLinaBoBardiinthelateTwentiethCentury.Specialattentiontotheintegrationofartsandtechnicsintheconstructionofmodernnationalidentitythroughinternationaldialogue(Europe,UnitedStates,Latin-America,ThirdWorldandUSSR).Keyarchitecture,urbanandlandscapedesignswillbeanalyzedtoexploretherelationbetweenstructureandform,buildingandurbanspaceinafastgrowingunderdevelopedcountry.Overview:ModernBrazilianArchitectureplaysamajorroleinthespreadingofglobalmodernizationinLatinAmericainTwentiethCentury,withahugeinternationalrepercussioninthefortiesandfifties.Brazilwasnotonlyapeculiarchapterofthisprocess,butanexampleforothercountries,revealingthepotential(andrisks)ofavant-gardearchitectsandurbanplannerstakingprominentrolesinpublicpolicesfornationaldevelopment.AsoneoftheseveralcentersofModernArchitectureadvancedproduction,Brazilhadattractedtheattentionofthemainstreamofartandarchitecturecriticsfromthefortiestothesixties,whointeractedwithlocalarchitectswithgreattension.ThedifferentinterpretationsoftheBraziliancontributiontotheinternationaldebatewillbesoughtinthelectures,contrastingwithparticularfigures,designs,movementsorideologies,inBrazilorabroad.ThehistoricnarrativebuiltbyLucioCostaandPhilipGoodwininthefortieswasinstrumentalinthedisputeforhegemonyofnationalidentitybylocalmodernarchitects.Recently,thisnarrativeisunderrevisionbynewgenerationsofhistorians,producingfreshinterpretationsthatwillbehighlightedonthiscourse.CourseRequirementsReadingsThereadingisdivedinthreecategories.SuggestedSurveyreading:Surveyscangivesomecontinuityofthenarrativethroughoutthelectures.AgreatpartofthetopicscanbecoverbythesectionsofarecentsurveypublishedinEnglish,thebookModernArchitectureinLatinAmerica:art,technologyandutopia,byLuisCarranzaandFernandoLara(Austin:UniverstyofTexasPress,2014).Thearchitectureanddesignspublishedaswell

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astheessaysinLatinAmericainConstruction:Architecture1955-1980,byBergdoll,Comas,LiernurandDelReal(NewYork:TheMuseumofModernArt,2015)providethecoreofthiscourse.OneofthefewsurveysonspecificonBrazilpublishedinEnglishisArchitectureofBrazil,1900-1990,byHugoSegawa(NewYork:Springer.2013).WecanfindalsosomeimportantremarksinsectionsofthebookTheFutureofArchitectureSince1889,byJean-LouisCohen(London:Phaidon,2012)andinModernArchitecture:ACriticalHistory,byKennethFrampton(London:ThamesandHudson,2ndedition,1985).Requiredreading:Eachclasswillbebasedinspecificacademicwritingsandprimarysources(books,articles,textsanddesignsiconographicdocumentation).SomeofthemareavailableinAveryLibrary,someonspecializedwebsites).Furtherreading:thisisasuggestedbibliographyforresearchpapersanddissertationsforthosewhowanttohaveabetterknowledgeaboutthesubjectsofthecourse.Selecteddesignorplan:Eachclasswillhaveoneormoredesignsorplanstobepresentedandanalyzedbytheinstructorandthestudents.Iconography–drawingsandphotographywillbeindicatedinwebsitesandshowedbytheinstructor.Gradebreakdown:(Thepercentageeachpartwillplayinthecalculationofyourfinalgradeisnotedinparentheses)1.)(15%)Regularattendanceandactiveparticipationinasection.2.)(50%)examinations:Midterm(inclassOctober/17th)andfinal(duringexaminationperiod).3.)(35%)writtenwork(anessayortermpaper)tobechosenfromthefollowingoptions:a.)AnessayanalyzingonecanonicalbuildingofModernBrazilianArchitecture,tobeselectedtillSeptember21stafterdiscussionwiththeinstructor.Iconographicinterpretationisexpected,asgatheringdrawings,photographyandevenvirtualmodels(optional).b)AreviewofonePHDdissertationonModernBrazilianArchitectureorLatinAmericanArchitectureof6–7pages.ThestudentsshouldmakeasurveyononlineLibraries,andselectaworkproducedinthelast15yearsandproposesittotheinstructorapprovaltillOctober5th.c.)Aresearchpaperonatopicnotwellrepresentedinthesyllabus,approvedbytheinstructorbeforeSeptember28th.PreliminarybibliographiesshouldbesubmittedbyOctober12thforcommentsbytheinstructor.Papersdue30November;extensionswillbegrantedonlyinthemostextenuatingofcircumstances.Goals:Thiscourseisanintroductiontothemodernarchitecture,artsandurbanplanningproducedinBrazilintheTwentiethCentury.Forthisproposal,thecoursewilldebatetheinterpretationsofthisarchitecturebydifferenthistoricapproaches.

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FacultyStatementonAcademicIntegrityTheintellectualventureinwhichweareallengagedrequiresoffacultyandstudentsalikethehighestlevelofpersonalandacademicintegrity.Asmembersofanacademiccommunity,eachoneofusbearstheresponsibilitytoparticipateinscholarlydiscourseandresearchinamannercharacterizedbyintellectualhonestyandscholarlyintegrity.Scholarship,byitsverynature,isaniterativeprocess,withideasandinsightsbuildingoneupontheother.Collaborativescholarshiprequiresthestudyofotherscholars’work,thefreediscussionofsuchwork,andtheexplicitacknowledgementofthoseideasinanyworkthatinformourown.Thisexchangeofideasreliesuponamutualtrustthatsources,opinions,facts,andinsightswillbeproperlynotedandcarefullycredited.Inpracticalterms,thismeansthat,asstudents,youmustberesponsibleforthefullcitationsofothers’ideasinallofyourresearchpapersandprojects;youmustbescrupulouslyhonestwhentakingyourexaminations;youmustalwayssubmityourownworkandnotthatofanotherstudent,scholar,orinternetagent.Anybreachofthisintellectualresponsibilityisabreachoffaithwiththerestofouracademiccommunity.Itunderminesoursharedintellectualculture,anditcannotbetolerated.StudentsfailingtomeettheseresponsibilitiesshouldanticipatebeingaskedtoleaveColumbia.FormoreinformationonacademicintegrityatColumbia,studentsmayrefertotheColumbiaUniversityUndergraduateGuidetoAcademicIntegrity:http://www.college.columbia.edu/academics/academicintegrityAccommodationsthroughtheOfficeofDisabilityServicesIfyouareastudentwithadisabilityandhaveaDS-certified‘AccommodationLetter’pleasecometomyofficehourstoconfirmyouraccommodationneeds.Ifyoubelievethatyoumighthaveadisabilitythatrequiresaccommodation,youshouldcontactDisabilityServicesat212-854-2388anddisability@columbia.edu.WeeklybreakdownoftopicsandRequiredReading:1.(9/7th)IntroductoryLectureTheparadoxoflongduration:PauloMendesdaRochaandLinaBoBardiasacontemporarysynthesisofModernBrazilianArchitectureproducedintheTwentiethCentury.“StillModern?”ThenewgenerationofmodernarchitectsinBrazil.FurtherReading:Bergdoll,Barry;Comas,CarlosEduardo;Liernur,JorgeFranciscoandDelReal,Patricio(eds.)(2015).LatinAmericainConstruction:Architecture1955-1980.NewYork:TheMuseumofModernArt;pp17–39.Selecteddesigns:CaisdasArtes,Vitoria,Brazil–PauloMendesdaRocha,2007–2013.SESCFábricaPompéia,SaoPaulo,Brazil–LinaBoBardi,1977–1986.

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Selecteddesigns:CasaemCarapicuiba,Brazil.AngeloBuccieAlvaroPuntoni,2003–2008.http://www.spbr.arq.br/portfolio-items/casa-em-carapicuiba-2/HousingProjectJardimEdite,SãoPaulo,Brazil.MMBB,2010-2013.http://www.mmbb.com.br/projects/view/74HumanitiesPavillion,Rio+20,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil.CarlaJoaçaba,2012.http://www.carlajuacaba.com.br/humanidade-pavilion/

• Topic:UrbanandtechnologicalmodernizationintheFirst

Republic(1890-1930).2.(9/12th)-ThedevelopmentofbuildingmaterialproductionthroughPolytechnicSchools,BuildingFirmsandAppliedArtSchools:Thechallengetocontrolreinforcedconcretetechnology.Insearchofauthenticroots:themodernistarchitectureofVictorDubugras,fromNeogothictoNeocolonial.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.14–17RequiredReading:Freitas,MariaLuizade(2012).ArchitectureandReinforcedConcreteinBrazil:theActionoftheLargestConstructionCompaniesinBrazil,Christiani&NielsonandWays&Freytag.pp.91-98.Selecteddesigns:CasadeCamaraeCadeia(1896),Araras;RailwayStation,Mairinque(1906LadeiradaMemória,SãoPaulo(1919-1922).VictorDubugras.http://www.unicamp.br/chaa/rhaa/downloads/Revista%2012%20-%20artigo%204.pdf3.(9/14th)Newurbanandarchitecturalmodelsforacosmopolitancity:AvenidaCentralbyPereiraPassosinRiodeJaneiroandthewetlandparksbyJosef-AntoineBouvardinSãoPaulo.Modernizationthroughurbaninfrastructure:Tramway,LightandPowercompaniesinBraziliancities.Correctingthenaturalenvironment:riverchannels,harborembankments,mountaindemolitions.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp7–13.Segawa,Chap.1pp17-27.FurtherReading:Pereira,MargarethAparecidaC.S.(2002).Thetimeofthecapitals.RiodeJaneiroandSãoPaulo:words,actorsandplans.In:ArturoAlmandoz.(Org.).PlanningLatinAmerica’sCapitalCities1850-1950.London:Routledge,2002:75-108.

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D’Elboux,Roseli(2010).Joseph-AntoineBouvardinSãoPaulo,1911:antecedenteventsandrepercussion.In14thInternationalPlanningHistorySocietyConference,2010,Proceedings.http://www.iphs2010.com/abs/ID273.pdfSelectedPlans:CentralAvenue,RiodeJaneiro,1903.FranciscoPereiraPassos.AnhangabaúandD.Pedroparks,SãoPaulo,1911-13.Joseph-AntoineBouvard.http://www.iphs2010.com/abs/ID273.pdf

• Nationalidentityandsecondwaveofurbanmodernization.

4.(9/19th)NeocolonialMovement:fromRaulLino’sArts&CraftsinPortuguesearchitecturetotheBrazilianIndependenceCentenaryInternationalExhibitioninRiodeJaneiro,1922.SãoPauloModernArtWeek.GregoryWarchavchikandhisModernistHouse:architecture,appliedarts,fineartsandlandscapedesigncreatingaworkoftotalart.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.14–17.RequiredReading:Martins,CarlosAlbertoFerreira(2000).Buildingarchitecture,buildingacountry.InSchwartz,Jorge(Org)DelaAntropofagiaaBrasilia:Brasil1920-1950.Valencia:InstitutValenciad’ArtModern:578-579.Lira,JoséTavaresC.(2008).GregoriWarchavchik:designer,builder,developer,1939-1954.In:13thInternationalPlanningHistorySocietyConference,2008,Proceedings.Chicago:IPHS:pp.682–701.https://www.dropbox.com/s/dh9n6lmj6lkbdwn/IPHS%2013%20Conference%20Proceedings%202008a.pdfFurtherReading:Schwartz,Jorge(2000).TupíornotTupi:thewarcryofliteratureinmodernBrazil.InSchwartz,Jorge(Org)DelaAntropofagiaaBrasilia:Brasil1920-1950.Valencia:InstitutValenciad’ArtModern:539-548.Kessel,Carlos(2003).AraújoVianaandtheRevaluationofBrazilianColonialArtandArchitecture.In:FabioGrementieri;JorgeF.Liernur;ClaudiaShmidt.(Org.).ArchitecturalCulturearound1900:CriticalReappraisalandHeritagePreservation.1ed.BuenosAires:WorldHeritage,Unesco,UniversidadTorcuatoDiTella,89-95.Selecteddesigns:ModernistHousesRuaSantaCruz(1928)andRuaItapolis(1930),SãoPaulo.GregoryWarchvichk.5.(9/21st)Preparingthetownsfortheirfastgrowth:PrestesMaiaandAlfredAgache1930’splans-anewgroundforurbanexpansioninSãoPauloandRiodeJaneiro.

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Twopathsformodernarchitecture:RinoLeviandtherealestateinSãoPaulo,LúcioCostaandthepubliccommitmentinRiodeJaneiro.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.34–37and69–70.Requestedreading:Anelli,RenatoL.S.;Guerra,AbílioandKon,Nelson(2001).RinoLevi:ArquiteturaeCidade/RinoLevi:ArchitectureandCity.SãoPaulo:RomanoGuerra.“Architectureoftheverticalcity”pp.306–309.Selecteddesignsandplans:PlanofAvenues,1930,SãoPaulo.PrestesMaia.IpirangaMovieTheater(1943),SãoPaulo.RinoLevi.

• ModernarchitectureandNationalState.

6.(9/26th)Fromcolonialtomodern:thesuccessfulideologicalconstructionofLúcioCostaandPhilipGoodwin.“BrazilBuilds”atMoMAandinternationalrepercussionofModernBrazilianArchitecture.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.51–54and61–63.RequiredReading:Gooddwin,Philip(1943).Brazilbuilds:ArchitectureNewandOld,1652-1942.NewYork:TheMuseumofModernArt.pp.17–25and81–103.RequiredReading:Martins,CarlosAlbertoFerreira(2000).Buildingarchitecture,buildingacountry.InSchwartz,Jorge(Org)DelaAntropofagiaaBrasilia:Brasil1920-1950.Valencia:InstitutValenciad’ArtModern:579-581.FurtherReading:Piccarolo,Gaia(2012).“LucioCosta’sLuso-BrazilianRoutes”.InLatinAmericanModernArchitectures:AmbiguousTerritories,editedbyPatriciodelRealandHelenGyger.NewYork:Routledge:33Selecteddesigns:GrandeHotel,1938,OuroPreto.OscarNiemeyer.HotelTijuco,1951,Diamantina.OscarNiemeyer.ParkHotel,1944,NovaFriburgo.LúcioCosta.7.(9/28th)Thedisputeforiconicrepresentationoftherevolutionarygovernment:LúcioCosta,LeCorbusierandMarcelloPiacentiniintheepisodesofMinistryofEducationandHealthcompetitionandUniversityofBrazilplans.MinistryofEducationandHealthbuildingasarehearsalfortheNewMonumentalitystatement.NationalmodernidentityandSynthesisoftheArtsinMexicoandBrazil.

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TheemergenceofOscarNiemeyer:fromsynthesisoftheartstoiconicstructuralform.FormandstructureinNiemeyercomparedtoNervi,TorrojaandCandela.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.77–82,108–112,115–117and184–185.Frampton,PartIII,Chap.1TheInternationalStyle:themeandvariations1925–65pp254-257RequestedReading:Giedion,Sigfried,JoséLuisSert,andFernandLéger(1993)."NinePointsonMonumentality."InArchitectureCulture,1943-1968:ADocumentaryAnthology,editedbyJoanOckman,EdwardEigenandColumbiaUniversity.GraduateSchoolofArchitecturePlanningandPreservation.,29-30.[NewYork]:ColumbiaUniversityGraduateSchoolofArchitecture,PlanningRizzoli.Comas,CarlosEduardo(2015).ThePoeticsofDevelopment:NotesonTwoBrazilianSchools.InBergdoll,Barry;Comas,CarlosEduardo;Liernur,JorgeFranciscoandDelReal,Patricio(eds.)(2015).LatinAmericainConstruction:Architecture1955-1980.NewYork:TheMuseumofModernArt:pp.41–57.FurtherReading:Costa,Lúcio(1952)“TheArchitectandtheContemporarySociety”.InInternationalConferenceofArtists,Venice,1952.http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001416/141654eb.pdfMoos,Stanislausvon(2009).LeCorbusier:elementsofasynthesis.Rotterdam:010Publ.González-Pendás,Maria(2012)."TechnicsandGeopolitics:FelixCandela’sPoliticalImaginary."InLatinAmericanModernArchitectures:AmbiguousTerritories,editedbyPatriciodelRealandHelenGyger.NewYork:Routledge.Selecteddesigns:MinisteryofEducationandHealth,1936,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil.LucioCostaetalli(consultancyLeCorbusier)Pampulhacomplex,1942,BeloHorizonte,Brazil.OscarNiemeyer.

• BrazilianamongLatinAmericanModernArchitecture:urban,social,industrialandculturaldevelopmentduringtheSecondWorldWar,PostWarandColdWar.

8.(10/3rd)-RichardNeutraandHenryPlumbinPuertoRico:ThebookArchitectureofSocialConcerninRegionsofMildClimate.PostWarreconstructioninEuropeandthearchitectureofsocialfacilitiesinLatinAmerica:SocialHousingProjectsinArgentinaandBrazil.PublicSchools.NewSchoolmovement:FromJohnDewey’sconceptstoAnísioTeixeira’sactioninBrazil.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.123–128,131–133,144–146and153–157.Selecteddesigns:

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Pedregulhohousingproject,1947,RiodeJaneiro,Brazil.AfonsoEduardoReidy.Park-schoolCarneiroRibeiro,1947-1956,Salvador,Brazil.DiógenesRebouças.http://www.diogenesreboucas.com.br/visita-guiada-as-obras-do-arquiteto-escola-parque-e-escolas-classe/9.(19/5th)-UrbanPlanninginLatinAmerica:TownPlanningAssociationandAthenesCharterUrbanisminBrazil,Cuba,ColombiaandPeru.NelsonRockefeller’simprovementplanforSãoPaulo;MouvementEconomieHumanismeandtheParanaUruguayRiverBasinPlanbytheRev.Louis-JosephLebret(1947-64).Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.118–122.RequiredReading:Bullrich,Francisco(1969).NewDirectionsinLatinAmericanArchitecture.NewYork:G.Braziller.pp.13-27.FurtherReading:Leme,MariaCristinadaSilva(2010).TransformingtheLatinAmericanCity:RobertMosesandInternationalBasicEconomyCorporation.PlanningPerspectives(Print),v.25,p.515-528.Selecteddesigns:SãoPauloImprovementPlan,1950.RobertMosesandIBEC.CidadedosMotores(MotorTown),1943-47,RiodeJaneiro,JosepLluisSertandPaulLesterWienetTPA.

• TheconsolidationofmodernarchitectureinBrazilandLatinAmericaandtheinternationalreviewmovementtowardthedissolutionofCIAM.

10.(10/10th)ModernBrazilianArchitectureasastrategicfocusofEuropeandebate.(Argan,Zevi,Gropius,Rogers,MaxBill).Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.172–175,180–183,208–209.RequiredReading:Hitchcock,HenryRussell(1955).LatinAmericanarchitecturesince1945.NewYork:MuseumofModernArt.pp.11–62.Martins,CarlosAlbertoFerreira(2000).Buildingarchitecture,buildingacountry.InSchwartz,Jorge(Org)DelaAntropofagiaaBrasilia:Brasil1920-1950.Valencia:InstitutValenciad’ArtModern:581-585.FurtherReading:Gropius,Walter,MaxBill,ErnestoRogers,HiroshiOhye,PeterCraymer,andClaudeVincent(1954)."ReportonBrazil."ArchitecturalReview116,no.694:234-50.

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Selecteddesigns:California(1951-55),Eiffel(1953-57)andCopan(1951-57)buildings,SãoPaulo.OscarNiemeyer.11.(10/12th)TheMaspasamodernizationcenterforBrazilianarts,cultureandindustrialdesign.Survey:Carranza&Lara,p160–161,208–209.RequiredReading:Anelli,RenatoL.S.(2014).“LinaBoBardiandherrelationshiptoBrazil’sEconomicandSocialDevelopmentPolicy”.inLepik,AndresandBader,VeraSimoneeds.LinaBoBardi100:Brazil’sAlternativePathtoModernism,Ostfildern-Rut,Germany:HatjeCantzVerlag:155-169.FurtherReading:Lima,ZeulerRocha(2013).LinaBoBard.NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniversityPress.pp.66–72Corato,AlineCoelhoSanches(2013).Art,architectureandlife:theinteriorofCasadeVidro,thehouseofLinaBoBardiAndPietroMariaBardi.Selecteddesigns:Masp(ArtMuseumofSãoPaulo),firstvenue1947-51,secondvenue1957-68,SãoPaulo,LinaBoBardi.10/17th–Midtermexamination

• SpreadingModernBrazilianArchitectureinBrazilandabroad.

12.(10/19th)VilanovaArtigasinSãoPaulo,SergioBernardesinRiodeJaneiro,AcácioGilBorsoiinRecifeandFAMinPortoAlegre.1956:HenriqueMindlin’sbookModernArchitectureinBrazil.Survey:Carranza&Lara,218–221RequestedReading:Comas,CarlosEduardo(2015).ThePoeticsofDevelopment:NotesonTwoBrazilianSchools.InBergdoll,Barry;Comas,CarlosEduardo;Liernur,JorgeFranciscoandDelReal,Patricio(eds.)(2015).LatinAmericainConstruction:Architecture1955-1980.NewYork:TheMuseumofModernArt:pp.57–61.Furtherreading:

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Selecteddesign:SchoolofArchitecture,1961-1969,SãoPaulo.JoãoBatistaVilanovaArtigasandCarlosCascaldi.SãoCristovãoPavilion,1957,RiodeJaneiro.SergioBernardes.13.(10/24th)InternationalinfluenceofModernBrazilianArchitectureinAfricaandWestGermany.BraziliansarchitectsinVenezuela:Niemeyer’sMuseum,BurleMarx’sSquareandRinoLevi’sHospitals.Requiredreading:Moos,Stanislausvon(2015).ThemonumentalityoftheMatchbox.InRadicallyModern:urbanplanningansarchitecturein1960sBerlin.Berlin:KulturstiftungdesBundes:BerlinischeGalerieMuseumofModernArt:Wasmuth:28–43.Barrios,Carola(2007).Niemeyer’sArtMuseum:itsplaceinthemoderncityscapeofCaracas.InArqtexto10/11:76-91Tostões,Ana(2013).LookingBothSides:ALabonArchitectureBetweenGlobalismandLocalism.InTostões,Ana(Org)ModernArchitectureinAfrica:AngolaandMozambique.Lisboa:FCT:pp.33-40Selecteddesigns:MuseumofModernArt,1955,Caracas.OscarNiemeyerHospitals,1959-60,Caracas,MaiquetiaandPuertoCabelli.RinoLeviandRobertoLampo.EastPark,1960,Caracas.RobertoBurleMarx,FernandoTaboraandJohnStoddar

• BrasiliaandSalvador1957-1964:twocomplementaryfacesofECLACdevelopmentalistpoliciesinBrazil.

14.(10/26th)-Brasilia:themainentriesinthecompetition,theconstructionefforts,thepalacesasiconsofdevelopmentalistnationalstate,theresidentialsuperblocks,theUniversityofBrasiliaasarehearsalforanetworkofLatinAmericanUniversities.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.199–205Requestedreading:Comas,CarlosEduardo(2011).Brasilia:monumentalityissues.DOCOMOMOJournal,43:40-43.El-Dahdah,Feres(ed.)(2005).LucioCosta:Brasilia’sSuperquadra.NewYork:Prestel.Furtherreading:Evenson,Norma(1973).TwoBrazilianCapitals:ArchitectureandUrbanisminRiodeJaneiroandBrasilia,NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniversityPress.

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SelectedDesign:CompetitionforBrasiliamasterplan,1957.Selectedproposals:LucioCosta,RinoLeviandJoaquimGuedes/CarlosMilan.CongressandCathedral,1957.OscarNiemeyer.15.(10/31st)Salvador:RegionaldevelopmentpoliciesandthecontributionofLinaBoBardi.Povertyasavalue,the“civilizationofsurvival”recyclingcultureandtherenewalofindustrialdesign.Therestorationof“Unhão”manorhousecomplexand“Nordeste”ethnographicsurvey.Thenational-popularprojectandtheunderdevelopedcondition:thirdworldandrevolutions.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.227–228.RequiredReading:Lima,ZeulerRocha(2013).LinaBoBard.NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniversityPress:pp.83-111.Selecteddesigns:BahiaModernArtMuseumat“Unhão”manorhouse,1959-63,Salvador.LinaBoBardi.CajueiroSecoSocialHousing,1963,Recife.AcacioGilBorsoi.

• DevelopmentalismandTechnocracy:thedoublefaceofarchitectureduringdictatorship(1964-1985).

16.(11/2nd)ArchitectureandurbanplanningofBrazil’s“EconomicMiracle”:themetropolitanstatus.Thearchitectureofurbaninfrastructureinmetropolitanurbanism.Massivehousingprogramsandurbanmasterplans.TheparadoxesofNewMonumentalityasanicontorepresentthedictatorship.Survey:Carranza&Lara,237–239,246–249.SegawaChap.8pp.187-226.Requestedreading:Koury,AnaPaula(2014).HousingpolicyandurbanizationinBrazil(1946-1974).In:16thInternationalPlanningHistorySocietyConference,2014,SaintAugustine.Proceedingsofthe16thInternationalPlanningHistorySociety.SaintAugustine:558-576.Selecteddesigns:ManoeldaNobregasocialhousingcomplex,1974,Campinas.JoaquimGuedes.NationalBankforEconomicDevelopment,1972-74,RiodeJaneiro.AlfredWiller,JoseSanchotene,etalli.Curitibamasterplan,1965–1974,Curitiba.JorgeWilheimandJaimeLerner.

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17.(11/9th)VilanovaArtigasandanewpoliticalagendaforModernBrazilianArchitecture.Theradicalarchitects’leftistdissidence:SergioFerroand“Caboclo”BrutalisminSãoPaulo.Politicalresistanceandcounterculturemovementinthearts,theaterandarchitectureafterthemilitarycoup.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.246–249.RequiredReading:Schwarz,Roberto.CultureandPoliticsinBrazil,1964–1969inSchwarz,Roberto(1992).Misplacedideas:essaysonBrazilianculture(editedwithanintroductionbyJohnGledson).London;NewYork:Verso.FurtherReadings:Anelli,RenatoL.S.andContier,FelipeA.(2015).“BuildingformandproductioninthesocialcontextofBrutalism”.Notesforaconferenceat68thAnnualMeetingoftheSocietyofArchitecturalHistorians,Chicago.Vidler,Anthony,(2014).“TroublesinthetheoryV:TheBrutalistMoment(s)”.ArchitecturalReview96(London:February).Selecteddesign:ZezinhoMagalhaessocialhousingcomplex,1967,Guarulhos.JoãoBatistaVilanovaArtigas,PauloMendesdaRochaandFabioPenteado.BernardoIslerandBorisFaustohouses,1961-63,SãoPaulo.SergioFerro

• Anti-modernandanti-technocraticstate:bottom-upmovementsandcommunitarianprojects.

18.(11/14th)CarlosNelsonFerreiradosSantosandFavelaBrásdoPinaparticipationplaninRiodeJaneiro.Uruguay’shousingcooperativesandPeru’sPREVIasinternationallaboratoriesfornewhousingpolicies.ProgressiveCatholicChurchcommunitiesassocialcatalyzers.Hippiesand“architecturewithoutarchitects”inBrazil.Self-managedconstructionsandarchitectssocialrole.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp262–266.Requiredreading.Bullrich,Francisco(1969).NewDirectionsinLatinAmericanArchitecture.NewYork:G.Braziller.pp.35-48.Selecteddesigns:BollHouse,1972-1979,SãoPaulo.EduardoLongo.UniversityofCampinasstudentshousing,1982-1991,Campinas.JuanVilla,PauloMilanez,etalli.

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19.(11/16th)LinaBoBardi’slatearchitectureasareferenceformodernrenovation.Survey:Carranza&Lara,311-314.SegawaChap.9–227–240.Requestedreadings:Lima,ZeulerRocha(2013).LinaBoBard.NewHaven,Conn.:YaleUniversityPress,pp.146–157.Furtherreadings:Oliveira,Oliviade(2006).Subtlesubstances:thearchitectureofLinaBoBardi.Barcelona:EditorialGustavoGili.Selecteddesigns:EspiritoSantodoCerradoChurch,1977-83,Uberlândia.LinaBoBardiCamurupimcooperativecomunity,1975,Sergipe.LinaBoBardi.

• ThesurvivalofmainstreamModernBrazilianArchitecture.

20.(11/21st)TheshortlifeofPostModerninBrazil:Poparchitectureasculturalirony.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.287–288,291–294.Selecteddesigns:SantanadoPedoMorroChapel,1978OuroBranco.EoloMaiaandJoVasconcelos.TouristicCenter,1984-92,BeloHorizonte.EoloMaiaandSylvioPodestá.Rocketcenter,1985-92,Alcantara.LuisEspallargasGimenez.21.(11/23rd)OscarNiemeyer,PauloMendesdaRochaandtheregenerationofModernArchitecturecontrastingwithPostModernism.ThecompetitionfortheBrazilianPavilioninExpoSeville92:theemergenceofanewmoderngeneration.Survey:Carranza&Lara,300–304,315–317,322–325.Requiredreading:Zein,RuthVerdeandCox,CristiánFernández(2009).RegionalStudyBrazil.InHerrle,PeterandSchmitz,Stephanus(org.).ConstructingIdentityinContemporaryArchitecture:CaseStudiesfromtheSouth.Berlin:LIT:pp.69-80.Selecteddesigns:TietêRiverPlan,1974–1986,SãoPaulo.RuyOhtake,RobertoBurleMarxandOscarNiemeyer.MuseumofContemporaryArts,1992-93,Niteroi.OscarNiemeyer.BrazilianSculptureMuseum,1986-92,SãoPaulo.PauloMendesdaRocha

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• ThecrossroadoftheHistoryofModernBrazilianArchitecture.22.(11/28th)ThelocalinterpretationofCriticalRegionalismtowardthefragmentationofnationalidentity.TheS.A.L(SeminaryofLatin-AmericanArchitecture)AppropriateModernityagendainBrazil.Amazonianarchitecture:SeverianoMarioPortoexoticregionalism.Survey:Carranza&Lara,pp.306–307,308–310.Segawa,pp.227–240.Requiredreading:Zein,RuthVerdeandCox,CristiánFernández(2009).RegionalStudyBrazil.InHerrle,PeterandSchmitz,Stephanus(org.).ConstructingIdentityinContemporaryArchitecture:CaseStudiesfromtheSouth.Berlin:LIT:pp37–40.Selecteddesigns:Hotel,1979,SilvesIsland,Amazonas.SeverianoMarioPorto.CentreforEnvironmentalProtection,1983-88,Balbina,Amazonas.SeverianoMarioPorto.23.(11/30th)TheHistoriographicalRevisionofModernBrazilianArchitecturesincethe1980sandtheemergenceofGraduatePhDprograms.Do.Co.Mo.Mo.BrazilandthechallengeofModernDesignsPreservation.Requiredreading:Bergdoll,Barry;Comas,CarlosEduardo;Liernur,JorgeFranciscoandDelReal,Patricio(eds.)(2015).LatinAmericainConstruction:Architecture1955-1980.NewYork:TheMuseumofModernArt:pp.296-297and301–303.Guerra,Abilio(2016)TheConstructionofaHistoriographicField.InGuerra,Abílio(Org.)TextosFundamentaissobreArquiteturaModernaBrasileira.SãoPaulo:RomanoGuerrae-book.Furtherreading:Comas,CarlosEduardo;Santos,CecíliaRodriguesandZein,RuthVerde(2008).BeyondOscarNiemeyer:authorities,Remodellings,paradoxesandpeculiaritiesinthepreservationofModernbuildingsinBrazil.In:10thInternationalDocomomoConferenceTheChallengeofChange,2008,Rotterdam.Proceedings,Holanda:DelftUniversityPress:103-108.Zein,RuthVerdeandCox,CristiánFernández(2009).RegionalStudyBrazil.InHerrle,PeterandSchmitz,Stephanus(org.).ConstructingIdentityinContemporaryArchitecture:CaseStudiesfromtheSouth.Berlin:LIT:pp.47–52.Tavares,Paulo(2012).Modernfrontiers:BeyondBrasilia,theAmazon.InLatinAmericanModernArchitectures:AmbiguousTerritories,editedbyPatriciodelRealandHelenGyger.NewYork:Routledge:191.

15

• Minimumstateandprolongedeconomicaldepression:fromcomprehensiveplanstofragmentaryurbandesign.UrbanContextualismindowntownrenewalandinurbanizationoffavelas.

24.(12/5th)Downtownhistoricheritagerenewal:Recife,SalvadorandRiodeJaneiro.Communityautonomy:fromhousinglaboratoriestodemocraticmunicipalgovernments.Favela-BairroinRiodeJaneiroandHabiprograminSãoPaulo.Survey:Carranza&Lara,329–333.Requiredreading:Fiori,JorgeandBrandão,Zeca(2010).SpatialStrategiesandUrbanSocialPolicy:UrbanismandPovertyReductioninFavelasofRiodeJaneiro.InHernandez,Felipe;Kellet,PeterandAllen,Lea(org.).RethinkingtheInformalCity:CriticalPerspectivesfromLatinAmerica.NewYork/Oxford:BerghahnBooks:181–206.Selectdesigns:Pinacoteca,1993-1998,SãoPaulo.PauloMendesdaRochaSèandPelourinhohistoricdowntown,1986-88,Salvador.LinaBoBardi,MarceloFerraz,MarceloSuzukiandAndreVainer.FubaCampinhosocialhousingcomplex,1995-97,RiodeJaneiro.JorgeMarioJauregiArchitects.http://www.jauregui.arq.br/Favela_Bairro.pdfRoyalParksocialhousingcomplex,1995-97,RiodeJaneiro.Archi5.

• 21stcentury25.(12/7th)Newdevelopmentalism,globalizationandeconomiccrisesimpactoncitiesandarchitecture.Mega-eventsarchitectureandurbaninfrastructure:alostopportunity.SocialHousingprograms.MendesdaRochaplanforOlympicGamesfacilitiesinSãoPaulo(2001).StadiumsforSoccerWorldCupandUrbanMobilityfacilities.ForeignarchitectsinBrazil:fromstar-architecturetobalancedpartnership.26.(12/12th)Conclusions

16

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InstructorCVRenatoLuizSobralAnelliArchitect and Urban Planner (PUC Campinas, 1982), Master in History(UNICAMP,1990),PHDinArchitecture(FAUUSP,1995),worksonmodernandcontemporary architecture in Brazil, with special attention to its role in thehistoryofinternationalarchitecture.FullProfessoroftheInstituteofArchitectureandUrbanPlanningofUniversityofSãoPaulo at SãoCarlos and formerdirector of itsGraduateProgram (2007 to2013).Mainbooks:RinoLevi,ArquiteturaeCidade(RomanoGuerra,2001);ArchitetturaContemporanea:Brasile published in Italy (Motta, 2008/20122nd edition) andFrance(ActesSud,2009).AsdirectoroftheInstitutoLinaBoeP.MBardi,wasinchargeofhercentenarycelebrations committee. The exhibition “Lina emCasa: Percursos”was curatedbyAnellianddirectorAnnaCarbonciniin2015.