The Rise of Industrial America,

1865 – 1900

Chapter 18

2

• C: 1-a Evaluate the impact of new inventions and technologies of the late 19th Century.

• C: 1-b Identify and evaluate the influences on business and industry in the late 19th Century

• C: 1-c Identify labor and workforce issues including owners, managers and Social Darwinism

• C: 1-d Explain the challenges and contributions of immigrants

• C: 1-e Explain the causes and impact of urbanization• C: 1-f Compare and contrast the experiences of

African-Americans

ACT Standards

3

Readings

• Read the chapter, pp. 535-565.

• You MUST read the chapter!!!!

• On line find and read a summary of the book The Jungle

by Upton Sinclair.

4

Group Presentation

• An Important Industrial or Technological advancement from this time period

• Chose a group of three

• Compose and design a power point of 5 slides

• Be prepared to make your presentation within 3 days.

5

Rise of Corporate America

• See graph on page 537

Write a one sentence summary of the graph on page 537.

_________________________________________

________________________________________.

6

The Character of Industrial Change• 6 features dominated

manufacturing:

– Exploitation of coal– Spread of technology

– Control of workers– Pressure on firms to

compete– Relentless drop in prices– Of money supply to keep

pace with productivity

7

Railroad Innovations• Collis P. Huntington, Central Pacific• Jay Gould, Union Pacific• James J. Hill, Northern Pacific

• Generous land grants and loan subsidies

• Magnetic telegraph• Divisions• Superintendents• Accounting systems

I’ve been

working on the

railroad all the

live-long day!

Jay Gould

8

Consolidating the Railroad Industry

• Robber Barons

• Standard 4’8 ½” gauge track

• Interstate Commerce Act, 1887J.P. J. Pierpont

Morgan

9

Applying the Lessons

of Railroads to Steel• Bobbin Boy $1.25 a week

• Secretary to Tom Scott,Pennsylvania Railroad1870’s first steel mill built

“Watch the COST and the PROFITS will take care of themselves.”

Vertical Integration

Andrew Carnegie

10

Figure 18.1: Iron and Steel

Production, 1875–1915

11

The Trust: Creating New Forms of Corporate Organization

• Edwin L. Drake– 1st crude-oil well 1859

– Passion for cutting costs

– Standard Oil Trust 1882

John

D. Rockefeller

12

Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890

United States

vs.

E.C Knight Company

13

Stimulating Economic Growth

14

The Triumph of Technology

• Thomas A. Edison

• Electrical lighting

Read “Electricity” pp. 544-545.

15

Specialized Production

16

Electricity

17

Figure 18.2: Mergers in Mining and

Manufacturing, 1895–1910

18

Figure 18.2:

Mergers in Mining and Manufactu

ring, 1895–1910

(cont’d)

19

20

Advertising and Marketing

21

Social and Environmental Costs and Benefits

22

The NEW SOUTH

23

Obstacles to Economic Development

24

The New South Creed and Southern Industrialization

• Henry W. Grady

25

The Southern Mill Economy

26

Southern Industrial Lag

27

Factories and the Work Force

28

From Workshop to Factory

29

Hardships of Industrial Labor

30

Immigrant Labor

31

Chinese Labor

32

Woman and Work in Industrial America

33

Hard Work and the Gospel of Success

• Horatio Alger

34

Labor Unions and Industrial Conflict

• National Labor Union

• Knights of Labor

• Wildcat strikes

35

Organizing Workers

• National Labor Uniton

(NLU)• Knights of Labor

• American Federation of Labor (AFL)

• Samuel Gompers

36

Strikes and Labor Unrest• Homestead Strike

• Eugene V. Debs

• Supreme Court Inre Debs

37

Social Thinkers Probe for Alternatives

• William Graham Sumner

• Social Darwinism

• Marxism

38

Conclusion