VCE PHYSICAL EDUCATION WORKBOOK

UNIT 1 – BODIES IN MOTION

NAME: ____________________________________

SKELETAL SYSTEM

List the 5 functions of the skeletal system and complete the following table.

FUNCTION DESCRIPTION

Label the following features on the diagram below; Periosteum, Marrow, Spongy Bone, Compact Bone, Blood vessels. Why are babies bones so flexible?

List two food sources for that provide high amounts of the following vitamins and minerals.

VITAMIN/MINERAL FOOD SOURCE

What is the most affective activity for the health of your skeletal system? Give 5 examples of these types of activities that increase bone density.

What is osteoporosis?

How can it be delayed?

Complete the following table.

BONE TYPE DESCRIPTION DRAWING

Humerus Tarsals Pelvis Ulna

Cranium Vertebral Column Tibia Metatarsals

Fibula Phalanges Radius Clavicle

Carpals Mandible Sternum Patella (knee cap)

Ribs Femur Metacarpals Phalanges

Scapula Tarsals Pelvis Ulna

Cranium Mandible Tibia Carpals

Fibula Femur Radius Clavicle

Vertebral Column Humerus

VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Coccyx Sacrum Intervertebral Discs

Lumbar Curve Cervical Curve Thoracic Curve

How many vertebrae are contained in that curve?

Cervical Curve

Thoracic Curve

Lumbar Curve

Sacrum

Coccyx

What travels down the hollow section of the vertebral column?

ANATOMICAL POSITIONS Correctly label the following images:

JOINTS OF THE BODY

JOINTS MOVEMENT EXAMPLE

List the characteristics of the a Synovial Joint

SYNOVIAL JOINT DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

Label the following joints:

TYPES OF CONTRACTIONS

CONTRACTION DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE

List and describe the two types of Isoinertial contractions.

CLASSROOM LABORATORY Perform several sit-ups.

1. Where were your abdominal muscles working the hardest?

Hold your body the ‘plank’ position for 20 – 30 seconds.

2. Is there tension in your muscles?

3. Was there any movement?

4. Which exercise was isotonic and which was isometric? Why?

Perform 5 push-ups.

5. What types of contraction occur during the upward & downward phase?

Push against the wall and hold for 30 seconds.

6. Could you maintain the same force for the entire 30 seconds?

7. What type of contraction is this?

8. Why does this type of contraction produce greater muscle gains than the others?

MUSCULAR SYSTEM How many muscles are there in the body?

What are the three main functions of muscles?

MUSCLE TYPE DESCRIPTION APPEARANCE

All of these muscles work together to perform a wide variety of tasks; however each

individual muscle is actually only capable of only two movements -

____________________ & ____________________.

CONNECTIVE TISSUES DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES

Gastrocnemius Wrist Flexors Tibialis Anterior Hamstrings

Trapezius Deltoid Rhomboids Biceps

Pectoralis Major Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Maximus Rectus Abdominis

Triceps Sternocleidomastoid Quadriceps Wrist Extensors

Soleus Obliques Achillies Tendon

For each of the following muscles, describe an action in a sport that uses that particular muscle.

MUSCLE ACTION

Quadriceps

Hamstrings

Biceps

Triceps

Deltoid

Rectus Abdominals

Gastrocnemius

Wrist Flexors

ORIGINS & INSERTIONS

What are known as muscle origins?

What are known as muscle insertions?

MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY

MOVEMENTS DESCRIPTION IMAGE

Test your knowledge – Match the movements with the correct descriptions.

Rotation Movement of the ankle so the foot points down.

Adduction A rotation of the sole of the foot outwards.

Inversion Body part moves in a cone (circle) shape.

Circumduction Rotation of the forearm, which causes the palm to face up.

Abduction Angle of the joint in increased.

Plantarflexion A rotation of the sole of the foot inwards.

Extension Movement of the ankle so the foot points up.

Pronation A body part in moved towards the midline of the body.

Supination A body part is moved either outwards or inwards on an axis.

Flexion Rotation of the forearm which causes the palm to face down.

Eversion A body part in moved away from the midline of the body.

Dorsiflexion Angle of the joint decreased.

MUSCLE FIBRES Our muscles consist of two fibre types; ____________ twitch and ____________ twitch.

Our percentage of each one is determined by our ______________ & ______________.

CHARACTERISTICS FAST TWITCH SLOW TWITCH

Colour

Size

Force available

Oxygen supply

Speed of contraction

Genetic inheritance

Fatigability

Hypertrophy potential

Ability to change from FT to ST fibres and vice versa

Changes of one person having the same fibre type throughout

Why are males generally stronger than females?

When are our muscles at their strongest point?

For the following sports, list the muscle fibre type that you would use the most.

SPORT MUSCLE FIBRE TYPE

Javelin

Marathon Run

100m Sprint

Cross Country Skiing

1500m Swim

Golf Swing

Netball – Goal Shooter

Netball – Centre

AFL – Full Forward

AFL – Rover

NERVOUS CONTROL Describe the path taken by impulses from the brain to the muscles.

BRAIN

MUSCLE

MUSCULOSKELETAL GLOSSARY Acetylcholine

Agonist/Antagonist

Anterior & Posterior

Abduction & Adduction

Cardiac Muscle

Cartilage

Compact bone

Flat bones

Flexion & Extension

Haemoglobin

Irregular bones

Isokinetic

Isometric

Isotonic

Ligaments

Long bones

Medial & Lateral Directions

Muscle fibres

Muscle Origins & Insertions

Myofibril

Osteoporosis

Pennation

Proximal & Distal

Reciprocal Inhibition

Red blood cells

Sarcomere

Short bones

Smooth Muscle

Stabiliser

Synovial Joints

Tendons

Vertebrae

MUSCULOSKELETAL REVISION 1. List the 5 main functions of the skeletal system.

2. List 4 different types of bones in skeletal system. Give an example for each.

3. Refer to the Vertebral Column for the following questions;

a. List the four main sections of the spine.

b. How many vertebrae are there in each section?

c. What is the main function of the vertebral column?

d. Which major muscles surround the spine?

e. Discuss some effects that these muscles exert on the spine.

4. What are the main vitamins that affect the health of the skeletal system and name their

source?

5. What role does exercise play in skeletal health during your life?

6. Find a partner and ask them the location of 10 different muscles in the body. Get them

do the same to you and write your score here:

7. Find a partner and ask them 10 different movements the body can make. Get them do

the same to you and write your score here:

8. What is the man function of the muscular system?

9. Name and describe the three types of muscles.

10. For the following sports state whether the athlete uses mainly slow or fast twitch muscle fibres or a combination.

Weight-lifting Athletics, Long Jumper

Tour de France Athletics, Decathlete

Soccer Goal-Keeping Tennis

Hockey, Forward Sprint Cycling

Netball, Wing Attack Basketball, Centre

AFL, Centre Half Forward Water Polo

11. Study the image to the right and answer the following questions:

Classify the joint where movement is occurring.

List & label the seven 7 bones present in image.

Label the 2 muscles present.

What types of movement can place at this joint?

Which type of contraction is occurring? Why?