The Rise of England

Queen Elizabeth I ruled England from 1558 until 1603

- During her reign she reorganized England’s church, improved the nation’s military position and encouraged efforts to expand her empire.

“Sea Dogs” were the English privateers (pirates) who operated with the approval of Queen Elizabeth.

Sir Francis Drake was a leading ‘Sea Dog’. He circumnavigated the globe in 1580, was a leader in stopping the Spanish Armada, and considered a pirate by Spain, who put a price on his head.

Defeat of the the Spanish Armada -Philip II of Spain was frustrated with England’s piracy and support for Protestant rebellions

- In 1588 the Spanish attempted to invade England and sent a massive, expensive fleet, into the English Channel.

- England’s more maneuverable ships, better cannons and more experienced seamen allowed them to begin the defeat of the hulking, overloaded Spanish ships.

- A powerful storm, later called a “Protestant Wind”, virtually destroyed the already decimated Spanish Fleet.

Results:1) the beginning of Spain’s decline2) the beginning of England’s rise to power3) it allowed England to colonize North America

Ireland - The English use harsh, violent tactics in its attempt to conquer and control the Irish people between 1564 and 1620- This would influence the often violent and combative relationship with American Indians

Roanoke - an unsuccessful English colony- planted by Walter Raleigh on the coast of North Carolina - The first group failed in 1585- A second was settled there in 1587- It was found deserted when supply ships finally returned in 1589.

- In 1603 Elizabeth I died without an heir and the English throne passed to James I of Scotland.

James I would support the first successful English efforts to colonize America beginning with Jamestown in 1607.